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Beatific vision

May 02, 2023

In Christian theology, the beatific vision (Latin: visio beatifica) is the ultimate direct self-communication of God to the individual person. A person possessing the beatific vision reaches, as a member of redeemed humanity in the communion of saints, perfect salvation in its entirety, i.e., heaven. The notion of vision stresses the intellectual component of salvation, though it encompasses the whole of human experience of joy, happiness coming from seeing God finally face to face and not imperfectly through faith. (1 Cor 13:11–12).[1][2][3]

It is related to the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox belief in theosis,[4][5] the Wesleyan notion of Christian perfection,[6] and is seen in most – if not all – church denominations as the reward for Christians in the afterlife.[7]

Etymology

"Beatific" comes from the Latin past participle beatifica, to make happy.[8] "Vision" comes from the Latin nominative visio, to see.[9] The beatifica visio is to see something that makes one happy.

Jewish background

According to Rashi, the face of God is God's care for Israel ("And I will hide My face on that day, because of all the evil they have committed, when they turned to other deities.")[10] and God's essence ("Then I will remove My hand, and you will see My back but My face shall not be seen.")[11]

History

 
Gustave Dore's image of the beatific vision, from Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy

In Christianity, the Bible states that God "dwells in unapproachable light, whom no one has even seen or can see" (1 Timothy 6:16), but when God reveals himself to us in heaven we will then see him face to face (1 Corinthians 13:12).[12] This concept has been termed "the beatific vision of God" by theologians of the Catholic Church and later on by various Protestant denominations, including the Lutheran Church and the Methodist Church.[12][13][6]

Cyprian wrote of the saved's seeing God in the Kingdom of Heaven.

How great will your glory and happiness be, to be allowed to see God, to be honored with sharing the joy of salvation and eternal light with Christ your Lord and God... to delight in the joy of immortality in the Kingdom of Heaven with the righteous and God's friends!

Edward A. Pace in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1907) defined the beatific vision:

The immediate knowledge of God which the angelic spirits and the souls of the just enjoy in Heaven. It is called "vision" to distinguish it from the mediate knowledge of God which the human mind may attain in the present life. And since in beholding God face to face the created intelligence finds perfect happiness, the vision is termed "beatific."[14]

Methodist co-founder Charles Wesley, in his 1747 hymn "Maker, in Whom We Live", described union with God through the Holy Spirit as "beatific sight":

Spirit of Holiness, let all thy saints adore / thy sacred energy, and bless thine heart-renewing power. / No angel tongues can tell thy love's ecstatic height, / the glorious joy unspeakable, the beatific sight.[6]

In the Catholic Church

Official teaching

Nature of the vision of God

The beatific vision is when God, though transcendent, opens himself up to man and gives man the capacity to contemplate God in all His heavenly glory.[15] Contemplation is the prayer of silently focusing on God and heeding His word; in other words, contemplation is the prayer of uniting with God.[16]

Sanctifying grace and the vision of God

The beatific vision, then, is ultimate union with God; indeed, it comes from sharing in God's holy nature via sanctifying grace.[17]

Effect of the vision of God

Because God is beatitude and holiness itself, the beatific vision entails ultimate beatitude and holiness.[18]

Recipients of the vision of God

The beatific vision is a grace and a privilege intended for every man and angel, since God created men and angels to enjoy the beatific vision; the beatific vision is the ultimate purpose of each person's and angel's life.[19]

Jesus and the vision of God

Because Jesus is God and man, His human nature experienced the beatific vision from conception to His ascension into heaven.[20] Despite this, Jesus did suffer as man.[21]

Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas defined the beatific vision as the human being's "final end" in which one attains to a perfect happiness. Thomas reasons that one is perfectly happy only when all one's desires are perfectly satisfied, to the degree that happiness could not increase and could not be lost. "Man is not perfectly happy, so long as something remains for him to desire and seek."[22] But this kind of perfect happiness cannot be found in any physical pleasure, any amount of worldly power, any degree of temporal fame or honor, or indeed in any finite reality. It can only be found in something that is infinite and perfect – and this is God.[23] And since God is not a material thing but is pure spirit, we are united to God by knowing and loving Him. Consequently, the union with God is the most perfect human happiness and the ultimate goal of human life. But we cannot attain to this happiness by our own natural powers; it is a gift that must be given us by God, who strengthens us by the "light of glory" so that we can see Him as he is, without any intermediary. (Thomas quotes Psalm 36:9 on this point: "In your light we shall see light.")[24] Further, since every created image or likeness of God (including even the most perfect "ideas" or "images" of God we might generate in our minds) is necessarily finite, it would thus be infinitely less than God himself.[25] The only perfect and infinite good, therefore, is God Himself, which is why Aquinas argues that our perfect happiness and final end can only be the direct union with God Himself and not with any created image of Him. This union comes about by a kind of "seeing" perfectly the divine essence itself, a gift given to our intellects when God joins them directly to Himself without any intermediary. And since in seeing this perfect vision of what (and who) God is, we grasp also His perfect goodness, this act of "seeing" is at the same time a perfect act of loving God as the highest and infinite goodness.[26]

According to Aquinas, the beatific vision surpasses both faith and reason. Rational knowledge does not fully satisfy humankind's innate desire to know God, since reason is primarily concerned with sensible objects and thus can only infer its conclusions about God indirectly.[27]

The theological virtue of faith, too, is incomplete, since Aquinas states that it always implies some imperfection in the understanding. The believer does not wish to remain merely on the level of faith but to grasp directly the object of faith, who is God himself.[28]

Thus only the fullness of the beatific vision satisfies this fundamental desire of the human soul to know God. Quoting Paul, Aquinas notes "We see now in a glass darkly, but then face to face" (i Cor. 13:12). The beatific vision is the final reward for those saints elected by God to partake in and "enjoy the same happiness wherewith God is happy, seeing Him in the way which He sees Himself" in the next life.[29]

Roman Catechism

According to the Roman Catechism, the saints in heaven see God, whereby they share in God's nature, wherewith they are truly and always happy. The catechism elaborates that the saints' happiness includes not just joy, but also glory (knowledge of one another's dignity), honor (reverence for one another as adopted sons of God), and peace (fulfillment of all the heart's desires). Moreover, the catechism adds, the beatific vision will, on Judgment Day, make the saints' resurrected bodies impassible (free from inconvenience, suffering, and death), bright as the angels, agile (free from the limitations of space-time), and subtle (as subject to the soul as the soul is subject to God).

Pope John XXII and the beatific vision controversy

Pope John XXII (1316–1334) caused a controversy involving beatific vision,[30] saying — not as Pope but as a private theologian — the saved do not attain the beatific vision until Judgment Day, a view more consistent with soul sleep.[31] The general understanding at the time was that the saved attained Heaven after being purified and before Judgment Day. He never proclaimed his belief as doctrine but rather as an opinion (see ex cathedra, as defined at the First Vatican Council in 1870).

The Sacred College of Cardinals held a consistory on the problem in January 1334, and Pope John backed away from his novel views to the more standard understanding.

His successor, Pope Benedict XII, declared it doctrine that the saved see Heaven (and thus, God) before Judgement Day.

Catechism of the Catholic Church

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the beatific vision is God opening himself in an inexhaustible way to the saints,[32] so that they can see him face to face,[33] and thereby share in his nature,[34] and therefore enjoy eternal, definitive, supreme, perfect, and ever new happiness.[35][32][36][37] The catechism teaches that this happiness includes not just communion and perfect life with the Trinity and the saints,[36] but also the fulfillment of all the heart's desires[36] - including, on Judgment Day, the body being glorified,[38] even endowed with impassibility, brightness, agility, and subtlety[39] - and continual cooperation with God's will[40] - including praying for all other people,[40] even proffering one's merits to God for others' sake.[41] The catechism elaborates that the beatific vision is a grace and a privilege intended for everyone to attain,[42] and that the beatific vision is attained immediately after death – or after purgatory[43] – yet it is already foretasted in baptism[44][45] and in the eucharist.[46][47] The catechism also teaches that the beatific vision is expressed in different ways in the New Testament: the kingdom of God, the vision of God, eternal life, divine adoption, a share in the divine nature, the joy of the Lord, and rest in God.[48]

Catholic Encyclopedia

The Catholic Encyclopedia defines the beatific vision as the immediate knowledge of God enjoyed by all the heavenly creatures.[49] It explains that the vision of God is called "beatific" because by seeing God the mind finds perfect happiness, and called "vision" because the sight of God in heaven is not the same as mediate knowledge of God.[49]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ K. Rahner. "Beatific Vision". Sacramentum Mundi. An Encyclopedia of Theology. Vol. 1. pp. 151–153.
  2. ^ Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church 163, 1028, 1045
  3. ^ Cf. Gregory of Nyssa. De Beatitudinibus 6, PG 44, 1265A.
  4. ^ Faulk, Edward (2007). Questions and Answers on Eastern Catholic Churches. aulist Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8091-4441-9. What is theosis? Both the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches feature this idea as a central point in their theology
  5. ^ Inbody, Tyron (2005). The Faith of the Christian Church: An Introduction to Theology. Eerdmans. p. 229. ISBN 0-8028-4151-1. Eastern and Roman Catholic churches typically describe salvation as theosis or deification or divinization
  6. ^ a b c Wesley, Charles. "Maker, in Whom We Live." The United Methodist Hymnal. Nashville: The United Methodist Publishing House, 1989. 28 May 2018. <https://hymnary.org/hymn/UMH/88>.
  7. ^ "Deification". Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2005.
  8. ^ Etymology Online: Beatific
  9. ^ Etymology Online: Vision
  10. ^ Chabad Exodus 31:18
  11. ^ Chabad Exodus 33:32
  12. ^ a b . Lutheran Church Missouri Synod. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
  13. ^ . Spring Lake United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
  14. ^ Pace, Edward. "Beatific Vision." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 5 Jan. 2011 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364a.htm>.
  15. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 12". www.scborromeo.org.
  16. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 4 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 1". www.scborromeo.org.
  17. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 1 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 1". www.scborromeo.org.
  18. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 12". www.scborromeo.org.
  19. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 3 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 1 ARTICLE 2". www.scborromeo.org.
  20. ^ CCC 473
  21. ^ Roman Catechism Article IV Although human nature was united to the Divine Person, He felt the bitterness of His Passion as acutely as if no such union had existed "because in the one Person of Jesus Christ were preserved the properties of both natures" human and divine; and therefore what was passible and mortal remained passible and mortal; while what was impassible and immortal, that is, His Divine Nature, continued impassible and immortal.
  22. ^ "SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: What is happiness (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 3, a. 8)". www.newadvent.org.
  23. ^ "SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: Things in which man's happiness consists (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 2, a. 8)". www.newadvent.org.
  24. ^ "SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: How God is known by us (Prima Pars, Q. 12, a. 4)". www.newadvent.org.
  25. ^ "SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: How God is known by us (Prima Pars, Q. 12, a. 2)". www.newadvent.org.
  26. ^ Summa Theologiae, I–II, qq. 2–5.
  27. ^ . August 13, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-08-13.
  28. ^ . September 8, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-09-08.
  29. ^ . September 8, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-09-08.
  30. ^ Marc Dykmans, Les sermons de Jean XXII sur la vision béatifique, Rome, 1973
  31. ^ Louise Bourdua, Anne Dunlop Art and the Augustinian order in early Renaissance Italy
  32. ^ a b "Catechism of the Catholic Church - I believe in life everlasting". www.vatican.va.
  33. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - I believe in life everlasting". www.vatican.va.
  34. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - I believe in life everlasting". www.vatican.va.
  35. ^ "Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church". www.vatican.va.
  36. ^ a b c "Catechism of the Catholic Church - I believe in life everlasting". www.vatican.va.
  37. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - "Our Father who art in heaven"". www.vatican.va.
  38. ^ "CCC - PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 11". www.vatican.va.
  39. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - On the Third Day He Rose from the Dead". www.vatican.va.
  40. ^ a b "Catechism of the Catholic Church - I believe in life everlasting". www.vatican.va.
  41. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - The Communion of Saints". www.vatican.va.
  42. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - Our vocation to beatitude". www.vatican.va.
  43. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - I believe in life everlasting". www.vatican.va.
  44. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - I believe". www.vatican.va.
  45. ^ "CCC - PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 11". www.vatican.va.
  46. ^ "CCC - PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 11". www.vatican.va.
  47. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - The sacrament of the Eucharist". www.vatican.va.
  48. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - Our vocation to beatitude". www.vatican.va.
  49. ^ a b "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Beatific Vision". www.newadvent.org.

References

  • K. Rahner (1968). "Beatific Vision". Sacramentum Mundi. An Encyclopedia of Theology. Vol. 1. London: Burns & Oates. pp. 151–153. ISBN 0-223-29384-9.
  • "Deification". Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.

May 02, 2023
beatific, vision, christian, theology, beatific, vision, latin, visio, beatifica, ultimate, direct, self, communication, individual, person, person, possessing, beatific, vision, reaches, member, redeemed, humanity, communion, saints, perfect, salvation, entir. In Christian theology the beatific vision Latin visio beatifica is the ultimate direct self communication of God to the individual person A person possessing the beatific vision reaches as a member of redeemed humanity in the communion of saints perfect salvation in its entirety i e heaven The notion of vision stresses the intellectual component of salvation though it encompasses the whole of human experience of joy happiness coming from seeing God finally face to face and not imperfectly through faith 1 Cor 13 11 12 1 2 3 It is related to the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox belief in theosis 4 5 the Wesleyan notion of Christian perfection 6 and is seen in most if not all church denominations as the reward for Christians in the afterlife 7 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Jewish background 3 History 4 In the Catholic Church 4 1 Official teaching 4 1 1 Nature of the vision of God 4 1 2 Sanctifying grace and the vision of God 4 1 3 Effect of the vision of God 4 1 4 Recipients of the vision of God 4 1 5 Jesus and the vision of God 4 2 Thomas Aquinas 4 3 Roman Catechism 4 4 Pope John XXII and the beatific vision controversy 4 5 Catechism of the Catholic Church 4 6 Catholic Encyclopedia 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesEtymology Edit Beatific comes from the Latin past participle beatifica to make happy 8 Vision comes from the Latin nominative visio to see 9 The beatifica visio is to see something that makes one happy Jewish background EditAccording to Rashi the face of God is God s care for Israel And I will hide My face on that day because of all the evil they have committed when they turned to other deities 10 and God s essence Then I will remove My hand and you will see My back but My face shall not be seen 11 History Edit Gustave Dore s image of the beatific vision from Dante Alighieri s Divine Comedy In Christianity the Bible states that God dwells in unapproachable light whom no one has even seen or can see 1 Timothy 6 16 but when God reveals himself to us in heaven we will then see him face to face 1 Corinthians 13 12 12 This concept has been termed the beatific vision of God by theologians of the Catholic Church and later on by various Protestant denominations including the Lutheran Church and the Methodist Church 12 13 6 Cyprian wrote of the saved s seeing God in the Kingdom of Heaven How great will your glory and happiness be to be allowed to see God to be honored with sharing the joy of salvation and eternal light with Christ your Lord and God to delight in the joy of immortality in the Kingdom of Heaven with the righteous and God s friends Edward A Pace in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1907 defined the beatific vision The immediate knowledge of God which the angelic spirits and the souls of the just enjoy in Heaven It is called vision to distinguish it from the mediate knowledge of God which the human mind may attain in the present life And since in beholding God face to face the created intelligence finds perfect happiness the vision is termed beatific 14 Methodist co founder Charles Wesley in his 1747 hymn Maker in Whom We Live described union with God through the Holy Spirit as beatific sight Spirit of Holiness let all thy saints adore thy sacred energy and bless thine heart renewing power No angel tongues can tell thy love s ecstatic height the glorious joy unspeakable the beatific sight 6 In the Catholic Church EditOfficial teaching Edit Nature of the vision of God Edit The beatific vision is when God though transcendent opens himself up to man and gives man the capacity to contemplate God in all His heavenly glory 15 Contemplation is the prayer of silently focusing on God and heeding His word in other words contemplation is the prayer of uniting with God 16 Sanctifying grace and the vision of God Edit The beatific vision then is ultimate union with God indeed it comes from sharing in God s holy nature via sanctifying grace 17 Effect of the vision of God Edit Because God is beatitude and holiness itself the beatific vision entails ultimate beatitude and holiness 18 Recipients of the vision of God Edit The beatific vision is a grace and a privilege intended for every man and angel since God created men and angels to enjoy the beatific vision the beatific vision is the ultimate purpose of each person s and angel s life 19 Jesus and the vision of God Edit Because Jesus is God and man His human nature experienced the beatific vision from conception to His ascension into heaven 20 Despite this Jesus did suffer as man 21 Thomas Aquinas Edit This section relies excessively on references to primary sources Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources Find sources Beatific vision news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Thomas Aquinas defined the beatific vision as the human being s final end in which one attains to a perfect happiness Thomas reasons that one is perfectly happy only when all one s desires are perfectly satisfied to the degree that happiness could not increase and could not be lost Man is not perfectly happy so long as something remains for him to desire and seek 22 But this kind of perfect happiness cannot be found in any physical pleasure any amount of worldly power any degree of temporal fame or honor or indeed in any finite reality It can only be found in something that is infinite and perfect and this is God 23 And since God is not a material thing but is pure spirit we are united to God by knowing and loving Him Consequently the union with God is the most perfect human happiness and the ultimate goal of human life But we cannot attain to this happiness by our own natural powers it is a gift that must be given us by God who strengthens us by the light of glory so that we can see Him as he is without any intermediary Thomas quotes Psalm 36 9 on this point In your light we shall see light 24 Further since every created image or likeness of God including even the most perfect ideas or images of God we might generate in our minds is necessarily finite it would thus be infinitely less than God himself 25 The only perfect and infinite good therefore is God Himself which is why Aquinas argues that our perfect happiness and final end can only be the direct union with God Himself and not with any created image of Him This union comes about by a kind of seeing perfectly the divine essence itself a gift given to our intellects when God joins them directly to Himself without any intermediary And since in seeing this perfect vision of what and who God is we grasp also His perfect goodness this act of seeing is at the same time a perfect act of loving God as the highest and infinite goodness 26 According to Aquinas the beatific vision surpasses both faith and reason Rational knowledge does not fully satisfy humankind s innate desire to know God since reason is primarily concerned with sensible objects and thus can only infer its conclusions about God indirectly 27 The theological virtue of faith too is incomplete since Aquinas states that it always implies some imperfection in the understanding The believer does not wish to remain merely on the level of faith but to grasp directly the object of faith who is God himself 28 Thus only the fullness of the beatific vision satisfies this fundamental desire of the human soul to know God Quoting Paul Aquinas notes We see now in a glass darkly but then face to face i Cor 13 12 The beatific vision is the final reward for those saints elected by God to partake in and enjoy the same happiness wherewith God is happy seeing Him in the way which He sees Himself in the next life 29 Roman Catechism Edit According to the Roman Catechism the saints in heaven see God whereby they share in God s nature wherewith they are truly and always happy The catechism elaborates that the saints happiness includes not just joy but also glory knowledge of one another s dignity honor reverence for one another as adopted sons of God and peace fulfillment of all the heart s desires Moreover the catechism adds the beatific vision will on Judgment Day make the saints resurrected bodies impassible free from inconvenience suffering and death bright as the angels agile free from the limitations of space time and subtle as subject to the soul as the soul is subject to God Pope John XXII and the beatific vision controversy Edit Pope John XXII 1316 1334 caused a controversy involving beatific vision 30 saying not as Pope but as a private theologian the saved do not attain the beatific vision until Judgment Day a view more consistent with soul sleep 31 The general understanding at the time was that the saved attained Heaven after being purified and before Judgment Day He never proclaimed his belief as doctrine but rather as an opinion see ex cathedra as defined at the First Vatican Council in 1870 The Sacred College of Cardinals held a consistory on the problem in January 1334 and Pope John backed away from his novel views to the more standard understanding His successor Pope Benedict XII declared it doctrine that the saved see Heaven and thus God before Judgement Day Catechism of the Catholic Church Edit According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church the beatific vision is God opening himself in an inexhaustible way to the saints 32 so that they can see him face to face 33 and thereby share in his nature 34 and therefore enjoy eternal definitive supreme perfect and ever new happiness 35 32 36 37 The catechism teaches that this happiness includes not just communion and perfect life with the Trinity and the saints 36 but also the fulfillment of all the heart s desires 36 including on Judgment Day the body being glorified 38 even endowed with impassibility brightness agility and subtlety 39 and continual cooperation with God s will 40 including praying for all other people 40 even proffering one s merits to God for others sake 41 The catechism elaborates that the beatific vision is a grace and a privilege intended for everyone to attain 42 and that the beatific vision is attained immediately after death or after purgatory 43 yet it is already foretasted in baptism 44 45 and in the eucharist 46 47 The catechism also teaches that the beatific vision is expressed in different ways in the New Testament the kingdom of God the vision of God eternal life divine adoption a share in the divine nature the joy of the Lord and rest in God 48 Catholic Encyclopedia Edit The Catholic Encyclopedia defines the beatific vision as the immediate knowledge of God enjoyed by all the heavenly creatures 49 It explains that the vision of God is called beatific because by seeing God the mind finds perfect happiness and called vision because the sight of God in heaven is not the same as mediate knowledge of God 49 See also EditTheoriaNotes Edit K Rahner Beatific Vision Sacramentum Mundi An Encyclopedia of Theology Vol 1 pp 151 153 Cf Catechism of the Catholic Church 163 1028 1045 Cf Gregory of Nyssa De Beatitudinibus 6 PG 44 1265A Faulk Edward 2007 Questions and Answers on Eastern Catholic Churches aulist Press p 63 ISBN 978 0 8091 4441 9 What is theosis Both the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches feature this idea as a central point in their theology Inbody Tyron 2005 The Faith of the Christian Church An Introduction to Theology Eerdmans p 229 ISBN 0 8028 4151 1 Eastern and Roman Catholic churches typically describe salvation as theosis or deification or divinization a b c Wesley Charles Maker in Whom We Live The United Methodist Hymnal Nashville The United Methodist Publishing House 1989 28 May 2018 lt https hymnary org hymn UMH 88 gt Deification Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2005 Etymology Online Beatific Etymology Online Vision Chabad Exodus 31 18 Chabad Exodus 33 32 a b God in Heaven Lutheran Church Missouri Synod Archived from the original on 11 May 2009 Retrieved 2007 10 31 What United Methodists Believe Spring Lake United Methodist Church Archived from the original on 27 September 2008 Retrieved 2007 10 31 Pace Edward Beatific Vision The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 2 New York Robert Appleton Company 1907 5 Jan 2011 lt http www newadvent org cathen 02364a htm gt Catechism of the Catholic Church PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 12 www scborromeo org Catechism of the Catholic Church PART 4 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 1 www scborromeo org Catechism of the Catholic Church PART 1 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 1 www scborromeo org Catechism of the Catholic Church PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 12 www scborromeo org Catechism of the Catholic Church PART 3 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 1 ARTICLE 2 www scborromeo org CCC 473 Roman Catechism Article IV Although human nature was united to the Divine Person He felt the bitterness of His Passion as acutely as if no such union had existed because in the one Person of Jesus Christ were preserved the properties of both natures human and divine and therefore what was passible and mortal remained passible and mortal while what was impassible and immortal that is His Divine Nature continued impassible and immortal SUMMA THEOLOGIAE What is happiness Prima Secundae Partis Q 3 a 8 www newadvent org SUMMA THEOLOGIAE Things in which man s happiness consists Prima Secundae Partis Q 2 a 8 www newadvent org SUMMA THEOLOGIAE How God is known by us Prima Pars Q 12 a 4 www newadvent org SUMMA THEOLOGIAE How God is known by us Prima Pars Q 12 a 2 www newadvent org Summa Theologiae I II qq 2 5 SUMMA THEOLOGICA Can we know God by natural reason in this life August 13 2006 Archived from the original on 2006 08 13 Jacques Maritain Center GC 3 40 September 8 2006 Archived from the original on 2006 09 08 Jacques Maritain Center GC 3 51 September 8 2006 Archived from the original on 2006 09 08 Marc Dykmans Les sermons de Jean XXII sur la vision beatifique Rome 1973 Louise Bourdua Anne Dunlop Art and the Augustinian order in early Renaissance Italy a b Catechism of the Catholic Church I believe in life everlasting www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church I believe in life everlasting www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church I believe in life everlasting www vatican va Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church www vatican va a b c Catechism of the Catholic Church I believe in life everlasting www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church Our Father who art in heaven www vatican va CCC PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 11 www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church On the Third Day He Rose from the Dead www vatican va a b Catechism of the Catholic Church I believe in life everlasting www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church The Communion of Saints www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church Our vocation to beatitude www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church I believe in life everlasting www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church I believe www vatican va CCC PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 11 www vatican va CCC PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 11 www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church The sacrament of the Eucharist www vatican va Catechism of the Catholic Church Our vocation to beatitude www vatican va a b CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Beatific Vision www newadvent org References EditK Rahner 1968 Beatific Vision Sacramentum Mundi An Encyclopedia of Theology Vol 1 London Burns amp Oates pp 151 153 ISBN 0 223 29384 9 Deification Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978 0 19 280290 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Beatific vision amp oldid 1135522648, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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