fbpx
Wikipedia

Beagle Channel

January 01, 1970

Beagle Channel (Spanish: Canal del Beagle; Yahgan: Onašaga[1]) is a strait in the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago, on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina.[2] The channel separates the larger main island of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego from various smaller islands including the islands of Picton, Lennox and Nueva; Navarino; Hoste; Londonderry; and Stewart. The channel's eastern area forms part of the border between Chile and Argentina and the western area is entirely within Chile.

Beagle Channel
Partial aerial view of Beagle Channel. The Chilean Navarino Island is seen in the top-right while the Argentine part of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego is seen at the bottom-left.
Beagle Channel, from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean.
Beagle Channel
Beagle Channel
Beagle Channel
LocationPacific Oceans–Atlantic Ocean
Coordinates54°52′32″S 68°8′11″W / 54.87556°S 68.13639°W / -54.87556; -68.13639
TypeStrait
Basin countriesChile
Argentina
Max. length150 miles (240 km)
Min. width3 miles (4.8 km)
SettlementsUshuaia, Argentina
Puerto Williams, Chile

The Beagle Channel, the Straits of Magellan to the north, and the open-ocean Drake Passage to the south are the three navigable passages around South America between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Most commercial shipping uses the open-ocean Drake Passage.

The Beagle Channel is about 240 kilometres (130 nmi; 150 mi) long and 5 kilometres (3 nmi; 3 mi) wide at its narrowest point. It extends from Nueva Island in the east to Darwin Sound and Cook Bay in the Pacific Ocean in the west. Some 50 kilometres (27 nmi; 31 mi) from its western end, it divides into two branches, north and south of Gordon Island. The southwest branch between Hoste Island and Gordon Island enters Cook Bay. The northwest branch between Gordon Island and Isla Grande enters Darwin Sound, which connects to the Pacific Ocean by the O'Brien and Ballenero channels. The biggest settlement on the channel is Ushuaia in Argentina followed by Puerto Williams in Chile. These are amongst the southernmost settlements in the world.

According to a Selk'nam myth the channel was created alongside the Strait of Magellan and Fagnano Lake in places where slingshots fell on earth during Taiyín's fight with a witch who was said to have "retained the waters and the foods".[3]

Navigation edit

Although it is navigable by large ships, there are safer waters to the south (Drake Passage) and to the north (Strait of Magellan).[4] Under the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina, ships of other nations navigate with a Chilean pilot between the Strait of Magellan and Ushuaia through the Magdalena Channel and the Cockburn Channel to the Pacific Ocean, then by the Ballenero Channel, the O'Brien Channel and the northwest branch of the Beagle Channel.[5]

Islands edit

The Beagle Channel is between islands covering a much larger area; to the north lies Argentine-Chilean Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, to the south Hoste, Navarino, and Picton and Nueva, which were claimed by Argentina until 1984. The latter two lie at the bi-national eastern entrance to the channel while the western entrance is wholly inside Chile. The western entrance of Beagle Channel is divided by Gordon Island into two channels. Some minor islands exist inside the channel among them Snipe Islet and Gable Island. Except for eastern Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and Gable Island all islands mentioned here belong to Chile.

History edit

See also: Tierra del Fuego gold rush

The Yaghan peoples settled the islands along the Murray Channel approximately 10,000 years before present. There are notable archaeological sites indicating such early Yaghan settlement at locations such as Bahia Wulaia on Isla Navarino, site of the Bahia Wulaia Dome Middens.[6]

Naming and Darwin visit edit

The channel was named after the ship HMS Beagle during its first hydrographic survey of the coasts of the southern part of South America which lasted from 1826 to 1830. During that expedition, under the overall command of Commander Phillip Parker King, the Beagle's captain Pringle Stokes committed suicide and was replaced by captain Robert FitzRoy. The ship continued the survey in the second voyage of Beagle under the command of captain FitzRoy, who took Charles Darwin along as a self-funding supernumerary, giving him opportunities as an amateur naturalist. Darwin had his first sight of glaciers when they reached the channel on 29 January 1833, and wrote in his field notebook "It is scarcely possible to imagine anything more beautiful than the beryl-like blue of these glaciers, and especially as contrasted with the dead white of the upper expanse of snow."[7][8]

Beagle conflict edit

Several small islands (Picton, Lennox and Nueva) up to the Cape Horn were the subject of the long-running Beagle conflict between Chile and Argentina; by the terms of a Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina they are now part of Chile.[4] From the 1950s to 1970s several incidents involving the Chilean and Argentine navies occurred in the waters of the Beagle Channel, for example the 1958 Snipe incident, the 1967 Cruz del Sur incident and the shelling of Quidora the same year. See List of incidents during the Beagle conflict.

Beagle Channel in the Fine Arts edit

As a ship's painter, Conrad Martens drew and created watercolour paintings in 1833 and 1834 during the second voyage of HMS Beagle in Tierra del Fuego.[9][10]

The German painter Ingo Kühl traveled three times to the Beagle Channel, where he created paintings on board a sailing yacht.[11]

  •  
    HMS Beagle at Ponsonby Sound in the Beagle Channel, by the ship's artist Conrad Martens.[12]
  •  
    Glacier (Beagle Channel), painted by Ingo Kühl (2005).

Fauna edit

Beagle Channel is a prominent area to watch rare, endemic dolphins.[13] Wildlife seen in the channel include:[14]

Mammals:

Birds:

Gallery edit

  •  
    Beagle Channel seen from above Puerto Williams
  •  
    Sea Lions Island or La Isla de Los Lobos
  •  
    Romanche Glacier on the north shore of the channel
  •  
    Beagle Channel, January 2006
  •  
    View of The Lighthouse Les Eclaireurs called End of the World near Ushuaia on the north shore of the channel

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Piepke, Joachim G.; Striegel, Angelika (2017). "The Last Yagan: Reminiscences of Cristina Calderón from Tierra del Fuego". Anthropos. 112 (2): 562–568. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-562. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 44791391. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  2. ^ Sergio Zagier, 2006
  3. ^ Montecino Aguirre, Sonia (2015). "Canal de Beagle". Mitos de Chile: Enciclopedia de seres, apariciones y encantos (in Spanish). Catalonia. p. 125. ISBN 978-956-324-375-8.
  4. ^ a b Laudy, Mark (2000). "The Vatican Mediation of the Beagle Channel Dispute: Crisis Intervention and Forum Building". In Greenberg, Melanie C.; Barton, John H.; McGuinness, Margaret E. (eds.). Words Over War:Mediations and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-9893-6.
  5. ^ Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1984
  6. ^ C. Michael Hogan, 2008
  7. ^ Charles Darwin, Voyage of the Beagle (New York: Collier, 1909), chapter 10, p. 240.
  8. ^ Herbert, Sandra (1999). "An 1830s View from Outside Switzerland: Charles Darwin on the "Beryl Blue" Glaciers of Tierra del Fuego". Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. pp. 92, 339–46. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  9. ^ Richard Keynes: The Beagle Record: Selections from the Original Pictorial Records and Written Accounts of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1979, CUP Archives ISBN 0-521-21822-5
  10. ^ "A Voyage of Sketches: The Art of Conrad Martens". Cambridge Digital Library. 2014. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11 – via www.youtube.com.
  11. ^ Kühl, Ingo (2006). "Landschaften am Ende der Welt / Paisages del fin del mundo / mit einem Text von / con un texto de Antonio Skármeta". I. Kühl. from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022 – via Deutsche Nationalbibliothek.
  12. ^ Keynes 2001, p. 227
  13. ^ "Scotia Sea: Part 5. The Great Marine Mammals".
  14. ^ Lowen, James (2011). Antarctic Wildlife: A Visitor's Guide. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 41–43, 78–110. ISBN 9780691150338.

Further reading edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Beagle Channel.
  • C. Michael Hogan (2008) Bahia Wulaia Dome Middens, Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham
  • Keynes, Richard (2001). "Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary". Cambridge University Press. from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
  • Sergio Zagier (2006) Patagonian & Fuegian Channels Map: Chilean Fjords Cruise Chart – Cape Horn, Ushuaia, Magellan Strait, Zagier & Urruty Publishers ISBN 1-879568-96-9
  • (2006) Omora Ethnobotanical Park and Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve

January 01, 1970
beagle, channel, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Beagle Channel news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Beagle Channel Spanish Canal del Beagle Yahgan Onasaga 1 is a strait in the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina 2 The channel separates the larger main island of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego from various smaller islands including the islands of Picton Lennox and Nueva Navarino Hoste Londonderry and Stewart The channel s eastern area forms part of the border between Chile and Argentina and the western area is entirely within Chile Beagle ChannelPartial aerial view of Beagle Channel The Chilean Navarino Island is seen in the top right while the Argentine part of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego is seen at the bottom left Beagle Channel from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean Beagle ChannelShow map of ChileBeagle ChannelShow map of ArgentinaBeagle ChannelShow map of South AmericaLocationPacific Oceans Atlantic OceanCoordinates54 52 32 S 68 8 11 W 54 87556 S 68 13639 W 54 87556 68 13639TypeStraitBasin countriesChile ArgentinaMax length150 miles 240 km Min width3 miles 4 8 km SettlementsUshuaia Argentina Puerto Williams Chile The Beagle Channel the Straits of Magellan to the north and the open ocean Drake Passage to the south are the three navigable passages around South America between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Most commercial shipping uses the open ocean Drake Passage The Beagle Channel is about 240 kilometres 130 nmi 150 mi long and 5 kilometres 3 nmi 3 mi wide at its narrowest point It extends from Nueva Island in the east to Darwin Sound and Cook Bay in the Pacific Ocean in the west Some 50 kilometres 27 nmi 31 mi from its western end it divides into two branches north and south of Gordon Island The southwest branch between Hoste Island and Gordon Island enters Cook Bay The northwest branch between Gordon Island and Isla Grande enters Darwin Sound which connects to the Pacific Ocean by the O Brien and Ballenero channels The biggest settlement on the channel is Ushuaia in Argentina followed by Puerto Williams in Chile These are amongst the southernmost settlements in the world According to a Selk nam myth the channel was created alongside the Strait of Magellan and Fagnano Lake in places where slingshots fell on earth during Taiyin s fight with a witch who was said to have retained the waters and the foods 3 Contents 1 Navigation 2 Islands 3 History 3 1 Naming and Darwin visit 3 2 Beagle conflict 3 3 Beagle Channel in the Fine Arts 4 Fauna 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingNavigation editAlthough it is navigable by large ships there are safer waters to the south Drake Passage and to the north Strait of Magellan 4 Under the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina ships of other nations navigate with a Chilean pilot between the Strait of Magellan and Ushuaia through the Magdalena Channel and the Cockburn Channel to the Pacific Ocean then by the Ballenero Channel the O Brien Channel and the northwest branch of the Beagle Channel 5 Islands editThe Beagle Channel is between islands covering a much larger area to the north lies Argentine Chilean Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego to the south Hoste Navarino and Picton and Nueva which were claimed by Argentina until 1984 The latter two lie at the bi national eastern entrance to the channel while the western entrance is wholly inside Chile The western entrance of Beagle Channel is divided by Gordon Island into two channels Some minor islands exist inside the channel among them Snipe Islet and Gable Island Except for eastern Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and Gable Island all islands mentioned here belong to Chile History editSee also Tierra del Fuego gold rush The Yaghan peoples settled the islands along the Murray Channel approximately 10 000 years before present There are notable archaeological sites indicating such early Yaghan settlement at locations such as Bahia Wulaia on Isla Navarino site of the Bahia Wulaia Dome Middens 6 Naming and Darwin visit edit The channel was named after the ship HMS Beagle during its first hydrographic survey of the coasts of the southern part of South America which lasted from 1826 to 1830 During that expedition under the overall command of Commander Phillip Parker King the Beagle s captain Pringle Stokes committed suicide and was replaced by captain Robert FitzRoy The ship continued the survey in the second voyage of Beagle under the command of captain FitzRoy who took Charles Darwin along as a self funding supernumerary giving him opportunities as an amateur naturalist Darwin had his first sight of glaciers when they reached the channel on 29 January 1833 and wrote in his field notebook It is scarcely possible to imagine anything more beautiful than the beryl like blue of these glaciers and especially as contrasted with the dead white of the upper expanse of snow 7 8 Beagle conflict edit Several small islands Picton Lennox and Nueva up to the Cape Horn were the subject of the long running Beagle conflict between Chile and Argentina by the terms of a Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina they are now part of Chile 4 From the 1950s to 1970s several incidents involving the Chilean and Argentine navies occurred in the waters of the Beagle Channel for example the 1958 Snipe incident the 1967 Cruz del Sur incident and the shelling of Quidora the same year See List of incidents during the Beagle conflict Beagle Channel in the Fine Arts edit As a ship s painter Conrad Martens drew and created watercolour paintings in 1833 and 1834 during the second voyage of HMS Beagle in Tierra del Fuego 9 10 The German painter Ingo Kuhl traveled three times to the Beagle Channel where he created paintings on board a sailing yacht 11 nbsp HMS Beagle at Ponsonby Sound in the Beagle Channel by the ship s artist Conrad Martens 12 nbsp Glacier Beagle Channel painted by Ingo Kuhl 2005 Fauna editBeagle Channel is a prominent area to watch rare endemic dolphins 13 Wildlife seen in the channel include 14 Mammals South American sea lion South American fur seal Peale s dolphin Dusky dolphin Commerson s dolphin Risso s dolphin Burmeister s porpoise spectacled porpoise Birds Magellanic penguin southern rockhopper penguin upland goose kelp goose crested duck great grebe flying steamerduck flightless steamerduck black faced ibis black crowned night heron imperial shag rock shag Neotropic cormorant black chested buzzard eagle turkey vulture Andean condor crested caracara chimango caracara white throated caracara striated caracara Magellanic oystercatcher blackish oystercatcher southern lapwing rufous chested plover Baird s sandpiper white rumped sandpiper brown hooded gull dolphin gull South American tern kelp gull Chilean skua Magellanic diving petrel common diving petrelGallery edit nbsp Beagle Channel seen from above Puerto Williams nbsp Sea Lions Island or La Isla de Los Lobos nbsp Romanche Glacier on the north shore of the channel nbsp Beagle Channel January 2006 nbsp View of The Lighthouse Les Eclaireurs called End of the World near Ushuaia on the north shore of the channelSee also editBeagle conflict Beagle Channel cartography since 1881References edit Piepke Joachim G Striegel Angelika 2017 The Last Yagan Reminiscences of Cristina Calderon from Tierra del Fuego Anthropos 112 2 562 568 doi 10 5771 0257 9774 2017 2 562 ISSN 0257 9774 JSTOR 44791391 Retrieved 17 February 2022 Sergio Zagier 2006 Montecino Aguirre Sonia 2015 Canal de Beagle Mitos de Chile Enciclopedia de seres apariciones y encantos in Spanish Catalonia p 125 ISBN 978 956 324 375 8 a b Laudy Mark 2000 The Vatican Mediation of the Beagle Channel Dispute Crisis Intervention and Forum Building In Greenberg Melanie C Barton John H McGuinness Margaret E eds Words Over War Mediations and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict Lanham Md Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 978 0 8476 9893 6 Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1984 C Michael Hogan 2008 Charles Darwin Voyage of the Beagle New York Collier 1909 chapter 10 p 240 Herbert Sandra 1999 An 1830s View from Outside Switzerland Charles Darwin on the Beryl Blue Glaciers of Tierra del Fuego Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae pp 92 339 46 Retrieved 2008 12 22 Richard Keynes The Beagle Record Selections from the Original Pictorial Records and Written Accounts of the Voyage of H M S Beagle 1979 CUP Archives ISBN 0 521 21822 5 A Voyage of Sketches The Art of Conrad Martens Cambridge Digital Library 2014 Archived from the original on 2021 12 11 via www youtube com Kuhl Ingo 2006 Landschaften am Ende der Welt Paisages del fin del mundo mit einem Text von con un texto de Antonio Skarmeta I Kuhl Archived from the original on 11 March 2022 Retrieved 16 April 2022 via Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Keynes 2001 p 227 Scotia Sea Part 5 The Great Marine Mammals Lowen James 2011 Antarctic Wildlife A Visitor s Guide Princeton Princeton University Press pp 41 43 78 110 ISBN 9780691150338 Further reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Beagle Channel C Michael Hogan 2008 Bahia Wulaia Dome Middens Megalithic Portal ed Andy Burnham Keynes Richard 2001 Charles Darwin s Beagle Diary Cambridge University Press Archived from the original on 10 October 2008 Retrieved 2008 10 24 Sergio Zagier 2006 Patagonian amp Fuegian Channels Map Chilean Fjords Cruise Chart Cape Horn Ushuaia Magellan Strait Zagier amp Urruty Publishers ISBN 1 879568 96 9 2006 Omora Ethnobotanical Park and Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Beagle Channel amp oldid 1208665450, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.