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San Pietro in Vincoli

January 01, 1970

For other churches of this dedication, see St Peter ad Vincula (disambiguation).

San Pietro in Vincoli ([sam ˈpjɛːtro iɱ ˈviŋkoli]; Saint Peter in Chains) is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy. The church is on the Oppian Hill near Cavour metro station, a short distance from the Colosseum.

Basilica of Saint Peter in Chains
  • San Pietro in Vincoli al Colle Oppio (Italian)
  • S. Petri ad vincula (Latin)
Façade of the Basilica
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°53′38″N 12°29′35″E / 41.89389°N 12.49306°E / 41.89389; 12.49306
LocationPiazza di San Pietro in Vincoli 4a, Rome, Italy
CountryItaly
DenominationCatholic
TraditionRoman Rite
WebsiteOfficial website
History
StatusTitular church, minor basilica
DedicationSaint Peter
Consecrated439 CE
Architecture
Architect(s)Giuliano da Sangallo
Architectural typeRenaissance, Baroque
Groundbreaking5th century
Specifications
Length70 metres (230 ft)
Width40 metres (130 ft)

This church is best known for being the home of Michelangelo's statue of Moses, part of the tomb of Pope Julius II.

Following the death of Pio Laghi, Donald Wuerl became the Cardinal-Priest[1] in 2010.[2]

Housed in the adjacent ex-convent formerly associated with the church is the Faculty of Engineering of La Sapienza University. Confusingly, this academic institution also carries the epithet "San Pietro in Vincoli".

History edit

 
The myth of The Miracle of the Chains ceiling fresco by Giovanni Battista Parodi (1706).

Also known as the Basilica Eudoxiana (Italian: Basilica Eudossiana, it was first rebuilt on older foundations[3] in 432–440 to house the relic of the chains that bound Saint Peter when he was imprisoned in Jerusalem, the episode called "Liberation of Saint Peter". The Empress Eudoxia (wife of Emperor Valentinian III), who received them as a gift from her mother, Aelia Eudocia, presented the chains to Pope Leo I. It was probably during a pilgrimage in 438-439 that Aelia Eudocia had received the chains as a gift from Juvenal, bishop of Jerusalem.

The chain is now kept in a reliquary under the main altar in the basilica.[4] Since 1894, a link of the chain has been housed in St Peter's Church,[5] Rutland, Vermont.[6] Around the world, numerous churches to St Peter bear the Ad Vincula suffix, relating to the basilica and relic.

Of interest in this context are St Peter's two imprisonments. According to legend, when Leo compared the Jerusalem chain to that of St Peter's final imprisonment in the Mamertine Prison, in Rome, the two chains miraculously fused together.

The basilica, consecrated in 439 by Sixtus III, has undergone several reconstructions, among them a restoration by Pope Adrian I, and further work in the eleventh century. From 1471 to 1503, when he was elected Pope Julius II, Cardinal Della Rovere, the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, achieved notable rebuilding. The front portico, attributed to Baccio Pontelli, was added in 1475. The cloister (1493–1503) has been attributed to Giuliano da Sangallo. The vault was lowered in 1705 under the architect Francesco Fontana, and there was another renovation in 1875.

Interior edit

 
Interior of the basilica

The interior has a nave and two aisles, with three apses divided by antique Doric columns. The aisles are surmounted by cross-vaults, while the nave has an 18th-century coffered ceiling, frescoed in the centre by Giovanni Battista Parodi, portraying the Miracle of the Chains (1706). In this scene, based purely on a fable, Pope Alexander heals the neck goiter of the mythical Saint Balbina by touching her with the chains that had once bound St Peter.

 
Michelangelo's Moses statue

Michelangelo's Moses (completed in 1515), while originally intended as part of a massive 47-statue, free-standing funeral monument for Pope Julius II, became the centerpiece of the Pope's funeral monument and tomb in this, the church of della Rovere family. Moses is depicted with horns, connoting "the radiance of the Lord", due to the similarity in the Hebrew words for "beams of light" and "horns". This kind of iconographic symbolism was common in early sacred art, and for an artist horns are easier to sculpt than rays of light.

Other works of art include two canvases of Saint Augustine and St Margaret by Guercino, the monument of Cardinal Girolamo Agucchi designed by Domenichino, who is also the painter of a sacristy fresco depicting the Liberation of St Peter (1604). The altarpiece on the first chapel to the left is a Deposition by Cristoforo Roncalli. The tomb of Cardinal Nicholas of Kues (d 1464), with its relief, Cardinal Nicholas before St Peter, is by Andrea Bregno. Painter and sculptor Antonio del Pollaiuolo is buried at the left side of the entrance. He is the Florentine sculptor who added the figures of Romulus and Remus to the sculpture of the Capitoline Wolf on the Capitol.[7] Inside a portico at the entrance is the original sculpture When I was Naked, created by Canadian artist Timothy Schmalz as part of the Matthew 25 collection installed throughout Rome on the occasion of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy. [8]

The tomb monument of Cardinal Cinzio Aldobrandini was erected 1705–07 by prince Giovanni Battista Pamphili Aldobrandini to a design by his architect Carlo Francesco Bizzaccheri and with the sculptures of putti and a winged skeleton by Pierre Le Gros the Younger.[9]

In 1876 archeologists discovered the tombs of those once believed to be the seven Maccabean martyrs depicted in 2 Maccabees 7–41.[10] It is highly unlikely that these are in fact the Jewish martyrs that had offered their lives in Jerusalem. They are remembered each year on 1 August, the same day as the miracle of the fusing of the two chains.

The third altar in the left aisle holds a mosaic of Saint Sebastian from the seventh century. This mosaic is related to an outbreak of plague in Pavia, in northern Italy. The relics of Sebastian were taken there in order to stop a 680 outbreak of plague, since Sebastian was believed to have been born in Lombardy, and an altar was constructed for his relics at a San Pietro in Vincoli in Pavia. As a symbol of the subsequently reinforced relationship between Pavia and Rome, an identical altar to Sebastian was built at the Roman church of the same name, resulting in a parallel cult for the saint in both regions.[11]

List of Cardinal-Priests since 1405 edit

List of the cardinals titular of the church[12][13]

...
  • Deusdedit (c. 1078 – c. 1098)
  • Albericus (attested 1100)
  • Benedictus (c. 1102 – c. 1127)[14]
  • Matthaeus (c. 1127 – c. 1137)[15]
  • Comes (1138 – 1139)[16]
  • Guillelmus of Pavia (1158 – 1176)[17]
...

References edit

  1. ^ From the end of the fifth century, the term Cardinal applied at Rome to priests appointed for life to the twenty-five or so quasi-parishes, or Roman tituli, pertaining to the church of the Bishop of Rome as it was at that time. Were a Cardinal-Priest to be subsequently asked to undertake a vacant diocese, his title would change to Cardinal-Bishop. In matters of administration of goods, discipline, or the service of their titular churches, a cardinal has no power of governance, and he is expected not to intervene in such affairs. He is, however, at liberty to donate his own money to help with projects. For example, this building benefitted substantially from the generosity of Cardinal Della Rovere. Nowadays, the Diocese of Rome contains 334 parishes.
  2. ^ https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d1p08.html
  3. ^ Excavations in 1956–59 revealed older foundation of the same dimensions, rising on Roman remains of various periods, the oldest dating to Republican times (Touring Club Italiano, Roma e dintorni, Milan, 1965:337–39).
  4. ^ "San Pietro in Vincoli". Sacred Destinations.
  5. ^ https://stpeter.vermontcatholic.org
  6. ^ https://www.vermontcatholic.org/vermont/first-bishop-consecrated-burlington-diocese-to-st-peter/
  7. ^ "Sculpture" . The Oxford Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture. Ed. John B. Hattendorf. Oxford University Press, 2007.
  8. ^ Srl, Pixell. "Benedette da Mons. Fisichella le nuove statue di Tim Schmalz". www.aslroma1.it. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  9. ^ Bissell, Gerhard (1997), Pierre le Gros, 1666–1719, Si Vede, pp. 90–91, ISBN 0-9529925-0-7 (in German)
  10. ^ Taylor Marshall, The Crucified Rabbi: Judaism and the Origins of the Catholic Christianity, Saint John Press, 2009 ISBN 978-0-578-03834-6 page 170.
  11. ^ Barker, Sheila (2007). "4". In Momando, Franco; Worcester, Thomas (eds.). Piety and Plague: from Byzantium to Baroque. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University. p. 92.
  12. ^ "Cardinal Title S. Pietro in Vincoli". Gcatholic.org. Retrieved 10 June 2014. [self-published source]
  13. ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church". Fiu.edu. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 10 June 2014.[self-published source]
  14. ^ Rudolf Hüls (1977). Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130 (in German). Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. pp. 195–196. ISBN 978-3-484-80071-7.
  15. ^ Zenker, Barbara (1964). Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159 (in German). Würzburg. pp. 117–118.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ Comes followed the Obedience of Anacletus II, and at the Lateran Council of March 1139, all of his appointments were voided and his supporters anathematized. Zenker, p. 118.
  17. ^ Johannes M. Brixius (1912). Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130–1181. Berlin. pp. 139, 160.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Zenker, pp. 118–123.

Bibliography edit

  • Federico Gizzi, Le chiese medievali di Roma, Newton Compton/Rome, 1998.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome).
  • Lucentini, M. (31 December 2012). The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City. Interlink. ISBN 9781623710088.
Preceded by
San Pancrazio 		Landmarks of Rome
San Pietro in Vincoli 		Succeeded by
Santa Prassede

January 01, 1970
pietro, vincoli, other, churches, this, dedication, peter, vincula, disambiguation, ˈpjɛːtro, ˈviŋkoli, saint, peter, chains, roman, catholic, titular, church, minor, basilica, rome, italy, church, oppian, hill, near, cavour, metro, station, short, distance, f. For other churches of this dedication see St Peter ad Vincula disambiguation San Pietro in Vincoli sam ˈpjɛːtro iɱ ˈviŋkoli Saint Peter in Chains is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome Italy The church is on the Oppian Hill near Cavour metro station a short distance from the Colosseum Basilica of Saint Peter in ChainsSan Pietro in Vincoli al Colle Oppio Italian S Petri ad vincula Latin Facade of the BasilicaClick on the map for a fullscreen view41 53 38 N 12 29 35 E 41 89389 N 12 49306 E 41 89389 12 49306LocationPiazza di San Pietro in Vincoli 4a Rome ItalyCountryItalyDenominationCatholicTraditionRoman RiteWebsiteOfficial websiteHistoryStatusTitular church minor basilicaDedicationSaint PeterConsecrated439 CEArchitectureArchitect s Giuliano da SangalloArchitectural typeRenaissance BaroqueGroundbreaking5th centurySpecificationsLength70 metres 230 ft Width40 metres 130 ft This church is best known for being the home of Michelangelo s statue of Moses part of the tomb of Pope Julius II Following the death of Pio Laghi Donald Wuerl became the Cardinal Priest 1 in 2010 2 Housed in the adjacent ex convent formerly associated with the church is the Faculty of Engineering of La Sapienza University Confusingly this academic institution also carries the epithet San Pietro in Vincoli Contents 1 History 2 Interior 3 List of Cardinal Priests since 1405 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksHistory edit nbsp The myth of The Miracle of the Chains ceiling fresco by Giovanni Battista Parodi 1706 Also known as the Basilica Eudoxiana Italian Basilica Eudossiana it was first rebuilt on older foundations 3 in 432 440 to house the relic of the chains that bound Saint Peter when he was imprisoned in Jerusalem the episode called Liberation of Saint Peter The Empress Eudoxia wife of Emperor Valentinian III who received them as a gift from her mother Aelia Eudocia presented the chains to Pope Leo I It was probably during a pilgrimage in 438 439 that Aelia Eudocia had received the chains as a gift from Juvenal bishop of Jerusalem The chain is now kept in a reliquary under the main altar in the basilica 4 Since 1894 a link of the chain has been housed in St Peter s Church 5 Rutland Vermont 6 Around the world numerous churches to St Peter bear the Ad Vincula suffix relating to the basilica and relic Of interest in this context are St Peter s two imprisonments According to legend when Leo compared the Jerusalem chain to that of St Peter s final imprisonment in the Mamertine Prison in Rome the two chains miraculously fused together The basilica consecrated in 439 by Sixtus III has undergone several reconstructions among them a restoration by Pope Adrian I and further work in the eleventh century From 1471 to 1503 when he was elected Pope Julius II Cardinal Della Rovere the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV achieved notable rebuilding The front portico attributed to Baccio Pontelli was added in 1475 The cloister 1493 1503 has been attributed to Giuliano da Sangallo The vault was lowered in 1705 under the architect Francesco Fontana and there was another renovation in 1875 Interior edit nbsp Interior of the basilica The interior has a nave and two aisles with three apses divided by antique Doric columns The aisles are surmounted by cross vaults while the nave has an 18th century coffered ceiling frescoed in the centre by Giovanni Battista Parodi portraying the Miracle of the Chains 1706 In this scene based purely on a fable Pope Alexander heals the neck goiter of the mythical Saint Balbina by touching her with the chains that had once bound St Peter nbsp Michelangelo s Moses statue Michelangelo s Moses completed in 1515 while originally intended as part of a massive 47 statue free standing funeral monument for Pope Julius II became the centerpiece of the Pope s funeral monument and tomb in this the church of della Rovere family Moses is depicted with horns connoting the radiance of the Lord due to the similarity in the Hebrew words for beams of light and horns This kind of iconographic symbolism was common in early sacred art and for an artist horns are easier to sculpt than rays of light Other works of art include two canvases of Saint Augustine and St Margaret by Guercino the monument of Cardinal Girolamo Agucchi designed by Domenichino who is also the painter of a sacristy fresco depicting the Liberation of St Peter 1604 The altarpiece on the first chapel to the left is a Deposition by Cristoforo Roncalli The tomb of Cardinal Nicholas of Kues d 1464 with its relief Cardinal Nicholas before St Peter is by Andrea Bregno Painter and sculptor Antonio del Pollaiuolo is buried at the left side of the entrance He is the Florentine sculptor who added the figures of Romulus and Remus to the sculpture of the Capitoline Wolf on the Capitol 7 Inside a portico at the entrance is the original sculpture When I was Naked created by Canadian artist Timothy Schmalz as part of the Matthew 25 collection installed throughout Rome on the occasion of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy 8 The tomb monument of Cardinal Cinzio Aldobrandini was erected 1705 07 by prince Giovanni Battista Pamphili Aldobrandini to a design by his architect Carlo Francesco Bizzaccheri and with the sculptures of putti and a winged skeleton by Pierre Le Gros the Younger 9 In 1876 archeologists discovered the tombs of those once believed to be the seven Maccabean martyrs depicted in 2 Maccabees 7 41 10 It is highly unlikely that these are in fact the Jewish martyrs that had offered their lives in Jerusalem They are remembered each year on 1 August the same day as the miracle of the fusing of the two chains The third altar in the left aisle holds a mosaic of Saint Sebastian from the seventh century This mosaic is related to an outbreak of plague in Pavia in northern Italy The relics of Sebastian were taken there in order to stop a 680 outbreak of plague since Sebastian was believed to have been born in Lombardy and an altar was constructed for his relics at a San Pietro in Vincoli in Pavia As a symbol of the subsequently reinforced relationship between Pavia and Rome an identical altar to Sebastian was built at the Roman church of the same name resulting in a parallel cult for the saint in both regions 11 List of Cardinal Priests since 1405 editList of the cardinals titular of the church 12 13 Deusdedit c 1078 c 1098 Albericus attested 1100 Benedictus c 1102 c 1127 14 Matthaeus c 1127 c 1137 15 Comes 1138 1139 16 Guillelmus of Pavia 1158 1176 17 Antonio Arcioni 12 June 1405 21 July 1405 Antonio Correr 9 May 1408 9 May 1409 Joao Afonso Esteves da Azambuja 6 June 1411 23 January 1415 Juan de Cervantes 27 May 1426 27 March 1447 Nicholas of Cusa 3 January 1449 12 August 1464 Francesco della Rovere 20 November 1467 10 August 1471 Giuliano della Rovere 22 December 1471 1 November 1503 Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere 6 December 1503 11 September 1507 Sisto Gara della Rovere 11 September 1507 8 March 1517 Leonardo Grosso della Rovere 9 March 1517 17 September 1520 Silvio Passerini 17 September 1520 5 January 1521 Albrecht von Brandenburg 5 January 1521 24 September 1545 Jacopo Sadoleto 27 November 1545 18 October 1547 Jean du Bellay 26 October 1547 9 April 1548 Giulio della Rovere 9 April 1548 12 April 1570 Antoine Perrenot de Granvella 9 June 1570 9 July 1578 Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni 12 April 1570 9 June 1570 Markus Sitticus von Hohenems Altemps 3 October 1578 17 August 1579 Stanislaus Hosius 9 July 1578 3 October 1578 Alfonso Gesualdo 17 August 1579 5 December 1580 Marco Antonio Colonna 5 December 1580 13 October 1586 Girolamo della Rovere 14 January 1587 7 February 1592 Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici 14 February 1592 21 February 1600 Francois de Joyeuse 27 April 1594 24 March 1604 Girolamo Agucchi 25 June 1604 27 April 1605 Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini 1 June 1605 1 January 1610 Lanfranco Margotti 11 January 1610 28 February 1611 Bartolomeo Cesi 5 December 1611 7 January 1613 Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini 7 January 1613 29 March 1621 Michelangelo Tonti 13 October 1621 21 April 1622 Francois d Escoubleau de Sourdis 29 March 1621 13 October 1621 Luigi Capponi 2 May 1622 20 August 1629 Laudivio Zacchia 17 September 1629 30 August 1637 Antonio Barberini 7 September 1637 26 May 1642 Bernardino Spada 22 May 1642 19 February 1646 Marzio Ginetti 19 February 1646 23 September 1652 Giovanni Battista Maria Pallotta 23 September 1652 21 April 1659 Ulderico Carpegna 21 April 1659 21 November 1661 Alderano Cybo 21 November 1661 24 May 1676 Emmanuel Theodose de la Tour d Auvergne de Bouillon 19 October 1676 19 October 1689 Savo Millini 12 December 1689 10 February 1701 Pierre de Bonzi 19 October 1689 28 November 1689 Marcello Durazzo 21 February 1701 27 April 1710 Fulvio Astalli 7 May 1710 16 April 1714 Ferdinando d Adda 16 April 1714 21 January 1715 Lorenzo Casoni 21 January 1715 19 November 1720 Lorenzo Corsini 16 December 1720 19 November 1725 Gianantonio Davia 19 November 1725 11 February 1737 Vincenzo Petra 11 February 1737 16 September 1740 Francesco Antonio Finy 16 September 1740 11 March 1743 Nicolo Maria Lercari 11 March 1743 21 March 1757 Antonio Andrea Galli 23 May 1757 24 March 1767 Gaetano Fantuzzi Gottifredi 6 April 1767 1 October 1778 Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicino 14 December 1778 23 February 1785 Giuseppe Doria Pamphili 11 April 1785 20 September 1802 Girolamo Della Porta 20 September 1802 5 September 1812 Tommaso Arezzo 29 April 1816 29 May 1820 Paolo Giuseppe Solaro 24 November 1823 9 September 1824 Joachim Jean Xavier d Isoard 17 September 1827 15 April 1833 Castruccio Castracane degli Antelminelli 29 July 1833 22 January 1844 Niccola Paracciani Clarelli 25 January 1844 22 February 1867 Luis de la Lastra y Cuesta 12 July 1867 5 May 1876 Giovanni Simeoni 18 December 1876 14 January 1892 Ignatius Persico 19 January 1893 7 December 1895 Adolphe Perraud 25 June 1896 10 February 1906 Desire Joseph Mercier 18 April 1907 23 January 1926 Luigi Capotosti 24 June 1926 16 February 1938 Teodosio de Gouveia 22 February 1946 6 February 1962 Leo Joseph Suenens 22 March 1962 6 May 1996 Jean Marie Balland 21 February 1998 1 March 1998 Louis Marie Bille 21 February 2001 22 July 2001 Pio Laghi 26 February 2002 10 January 2009 Donald Wuerl 20 November 2010 present References edit From the end of the fifth century the term Cardinal applied at Rome to priests appointed for life to the twenty five or so quasi parishes or Roman tituli pertaining to the church of the Bishop of Rome as it was at that time Were a Cardinal Priest to be subsequently asked to undertake a vacant diocese his title would change to Cardinal Bishop In matters of administration of goods discipline or the service of their titular churches a cardinal has no power of governance and he is expected not to intervene in such affairs He is however at liberty to donate his own money to help with projects For example this building benefitted substantially from the generosity of Cardinal Della Rovere Nowadays the Diocese of Rome contains 334 parishes https www catholic hierarchy org diocese d1p08 html Excavations in 1956 59 revealed older foundation of the same dimensions rising on Roman remains of various periods the oldest dating to Republican times Touring Club Italiano Roma e dintorni Milan 1965 337 39 San Pietro in Vincoli Sacred Destinations https stpeter vermontcatholic org https www vermontcatholic org vermont first bishop consecrated burlington diocese to st peter Sculpture The Oxford Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture Ed John B Hattendorf Oxford University Press 2007 Srl Pixell Benedette da Mons Fisichella le nuove statue di Tim Schmalz www aslroma1 it Retrieved 15 February 2024 Bissell Gerhard 1997 Pierre le Gros 1666 1719 Si Vede pp 90 91 ISBN 0 9529925 0 7 in German Taylor Marshall The Crucified Rabbi Judaism and the Origins of the Catholic Christianity Saint John Press 2009 ISBN 978 0 578 03834 6 page 170 Barker Sheila 2007 4 In Momando Franco Worcester Thomas eds Piety and Plague from Byzantium to Baroque Kirksville MO Truman State University p 92 Cardinal Title S Pietro in Vincoli Gcatholic org Retrieved 10 June 2014 self published source The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Fiu edu 1 January 2002 Retrieved 10 June 2014 self published source Rudolf Huls 1977 Kardinale Klerus und Kirchen Roms 1049 1130 in German Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom pp 195 196 ISBN 978 3 484 80071 7 Zenker Barbara 1964 Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159 in German Wurzburg pp 117 118 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Comes followed the Obedience of Anacletus II and at the Lateran Council of March 1139 all of his appointments were voided and his supporters anathematized Zenker p 118 Johannes M Brixius 1912 Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 1181 Berlin pp 139 160 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Zenker pp 118 123 Bibliography editFederico Gizzi Le chiese medievali di Roma Newton Compton Rome 1998 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Pietro in Vincoli Rome Lucentini M 31 December 2012 The Rome Guide Step by Step through History s Greatest City Interlink ISBN 9781623710088 Preceded bySan Pancrazio Landmarks of RomeSan Pietro in Vincoli Succeeded bySanta Prassede Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title San Pietro in Vincoli amp oldid 1218038312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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