Banksieaephyllum is a plantgenus that encompasses organically preserved fossil leaves that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus.
Before 1950, many fossil leaves were attributed to the genera Banksia and Dryandra. In most cases, leaves with triangular lobes were associated with Dryandra, and leaves with serration were associated with Banksia. In 1950, Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan showed this policy to be flawed, by demonstrating that the leaves of the two genera cannot be reliably distinguished. Since these two genera then comprised tribe Banksieae, Cookson and Duigan erected Banksieaephyllum to contain such leaves.[1]
Since then, Banksia and Dryandra have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. Interpretations of Banksieaephyllum are now no longer consistent. Some botanists continue to hold that Banksieaephyllum is for fossil leaves that can be attributed to Banksieae but not to a genus; that is, they include fossils that cannot be excluded from the Musgravinae.[2] Others hold that Cookson and Duigan's intentions were for the genus to hold fossil leaves that are known to be Dryandra or Banksia, but cannot be attributed to either with certainty; thus they now define the genus in terms of Banksiinae rather than Banksieae.[3]
Dryandra has now been transferred into Banksia.[4] Although as yet undetermined, the latter interpretation would result in Banksieaephyllum becoming a nomenclatural synonym of Banksia.[original research?]
Fossils ascribed to Banksieaephyllum have been found in sediments dating from the Paleocene to early Miocene (66 to 16 million years ago). In 1998, the most recent synopsis, there were 16 species, including:
Banksieaephyllum acuminatum Oligocene, Latrobe Valley, Victoria.[1]
Banksieaephyllum attenuatum - possibly not a member of proteaceae.[3]
Banksieaephyllum cuneatum Early Eocene (Deans Marsh and Anglesea, Victoria) and Middle Eocene (Golden Grove); may be more closely related to Musgravea.[3]
Banksieaephyllum elongatus Late Oligocene - Early Miocene, Loy Yang, Victoria.[5]
Banksieaephyllum linearis Early Oligocene, Lake Cethana, Tasmania. Leaves up to 5.5 cm long and 6 mm wide, resembling Banksia spinulosa in appearance but has some cellular characteristics of Musgravea.[6]
Banksieaephyllum longifolium
Banksieaephyllum obovatum
Banksieaephyllum orientalis Early Oligocene, Lake Cethana, Tasmania.[6]
Banksieaephyllum praefastigatum Late Paleocene, Cambalong Creek (near Bombala), southern New South Wales.[2]
Banksieaephyllum regularis - possibly not a member of proteaceae.[3]
Banksieaephyllum taylorii Late Palaeocene, Lake Bungarby, southeastern New South Wales.[7]
Banksieaephyllum urnifome Late Oligocene - Early Miocene, Morwell, Victoria
Banksieaephyllum westdaliense
However, Carpenter, Jordan & Hill (2016) transferred the species B. incisum and B. cuneatum to the separate genus Banksieaefolia, while also transferring the species B. acuminatum to the genus Banksia and renaming it Banksia cooksoniae. In addition, the authors excluded the species B. attenuatum, B. longifolium, B. pinnatum, B. praefastigatum, B. regularis and B. westdaliense from Banksieae and transferred those species to the separate genus Pseudobanksia.[8]
See alsoedit
Banksieaeformis, a genus for fossil leaves with the same architecture as Banksieaephyllum, but without organic detail; like Banksieaephyllum, these can be attributed to tribe Banksieae, but not to a genus.
Banksieaeidites, a genus for fossil pollen specimens that can be attributed to tribe Banksieae, but not to a genus.
Referencesedit
Wikispecies has information related to Banksieaephyllum.
^ abcCookson, Isabel C. & Duigan, Suzanne L. (1950). "Fossil Banksieae from Yallourn, Victoria, with notes on the morphology and anatomy of living species". Australian Journal of Scientific Research, Series B (Biological Sciences). 3 (2): 133–165.
^ abVadala, Anthony J.; Drinnan, Andrew N. (1998). "Elaborating the Fossil History of Banksiinae: A New Species of Banksieaephyllum (Proteaceae) from the Late Paleocene of New South Wales". Australian Systematic Botany. 11 (4): 439–463. doi:10.1071/SB97021.
^ abcdCarpenter, Raymond J.; Jordan, Gregory J. (1997). "Early tertiary macrofossils of Proteaceae from Tasmania". Australian Systematic Botany. 10 (4): 533–563. doi:10.1071/SB96016.
^ abHill, Robert S.; Christophel, David S. (1988). "Tertiary leaves of the tribe Banksieae (Proteaceae) from south-eastern Australia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 97 (2): 205–27. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb02462.x.
^ abCarpenter, Raymond J.; Jordan, Greg J. (1997). "Early Tertiary Macrofossils of Proteaceae from Tasmania" (PDF). Australian Systematic Botany. 10 (4): 533–63. doi:10.1071/SB96016.
^Carpenter, Raymond J..; Jordan, Greg; Hill, R. S. (1994). "Banksieaephyllum taylorii ( Proteaceae) from the late paleocene of New South Wales and its relevance to the origin of Australia's scleromorphic flora". Australian Systematic Botany. 7 (4): 385–392. doi:10.1071/SB9940385.
^Raymond Carpenter; Gregory Jordan; Bob Hill (2016). "Fossil leaves of Banksia, Banksieae and pretenders: resolving the fossil genus Banksieaephyllum". Australian Systematic Botany. 29 (2): 126–141. doi:10.1071/SB16005. S2CID 89568423.
January 01, 1970
banksieaephyllum, plant, genus, that, encompasses, organically, preserved, fossil, leaves, that, attributed, proteaceae, tribe, banksieae, cannot, attributed, genus, temporal, range, paleocene, early, miocene, preꞒ, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae. Banksieaephyllum is a plant genus that encompasses organically preserved fossil leaves that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae but cannot be attributed to a genus BanksieaephyllumTemporal range Paleocene Early Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Order Proteales Family Proteaceae Subfamily Grevilleoideae Tribe Banksieae Genus BanksieaephyllumCookson amp Duigan Species See text Before 1950 many fossil leaves were attributed to the genera Banksia and Dryandra In most cases leaves with triangular lobes were associated with Dryandra and leaves with serration were associated with Banksia In 1950 Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan showed this policy to be flawed by demonstrating that the leaves of the two genera cannot be reliably distinguished Since these two genera then comprised tribe Banksieae Cookson and Duigan erected Banksieaephyllum to contain such leaves 1 Since then Banksia and Dryandra have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae and another subtribe Musgraveinae erected to contain two new genera Interpretations of Banksieaephyllum are now no longer consistent Some botanists continue to hold that Banksieaephyllum is for fossil leaves that can be attributed to Banksieae but not to a genus that is they include fossils that cannot be excluded from the Musgravinae 2 Others hold that Cookson and Duigan s intentions were for the genus to hold fossil leaves that are known to be Dryandra or Banksia but cannot be attributed to either with certainty thus they now define the genus in terms of Banksiinae rather than Banksieae 3 Dryandra has now been transferred into Banksia 4 Although as yet undetermined the latter interpretation would result in Banksieaephyllum becoming a nomenclatural synonym of Banksia original research Fossils ascribed to Banksieaephyllum have been found in sediments dating from the Paleocene to early Miocene 66 to 16 million years ago In 1998 the most recent synopsis there were 16 species including Banksieaephyllum acuminatum Oligocene Latrobe Valley Victoria 1 Banksieaephyllum angustum Latrobe Valley has long narrow leaves resembling Banksia candolleana or B formosa 5 Banksieaephyllum attenuatum possibly not a member of proteaceae 3 Banksieaephyllum cuneatum Early Eocene Deans Marsh and Anglesea Victoria and Middle Eocene Golden Grove may be more closely related to Musgravea 3 Banksieaephyllum elongatus Late Oligocene Early Miocene Loy Yang Victoria 5 Banksieaephyllum fastigatum Oligocene Yallourn Victoria 1 Banksieaephyllum incisum Banksieaephyllum linearis Early Oligocene Lake Cethana Tasmania Leaves up to 5 5 cm long and 6 mm wide resembling Banksia spinulosa in appearance but has some cellular characteristics of Musgravea 6 Banksieaephyllum longifolium Banksieaephyllum obovatum Banksieaephyllum orientalis Early Oligocene Lake Cethana Tasmania 6 Banksieaephyllum pinnatum Oligocene Pioneer Tasmania Banksieaephyllum praefastigatum Late Paleocene Cambalong Creek near Bombala southern New South Wales 2 Banksieaephyllum regularis possibly not a member of proteaceae 3 Banksieaephyllum taylorii Late Palaeocene Lake Bungarby southeastern New South Wales 7 Banksieaephyllum urnifome Late Oligocene Early Miocene Morwell Victoria Banksieaephyllum westdaliense However Carpenter Jordan amp Hill 2016 transferred the species B incisum and B cuneatum to the separate genus Banksieaefolia while also transferring the species B acuminatum to the genus Banksia and renaming it Banksia cooksoniae In addition the authors excluded the species B attenuatum B longifolium B pinnatum B praefastigatum B regularis and B westdaliense from Banksieae and transferred those species to the separate genus Pseudobanksia 8 See also editBanksieaeformis a genus for fossil leaves with the same architecture as Banksieaephyllum but without organic detail like Banksieaephyllum these can be attributed to tribe Banksieae but not to a genus Banksieaeidites a genus for fossil pollen specimens that can be attributed to tribe Banksieae but not to a genus References edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Banksieaephyllum a b c Cookson Isabel C amp Duigan Suzanne L 1950 Fossil Banksieae from Yallourn Victoria with notes on the morphology and anatomy of living species Australian Journal of Scientific Research Series B Biological Sciences 3 2 133 165 a b Vadala Anthony J Drinnan Andrew N 1998 Elaborating the Fossil History of Banksiinae A New Species of Banksieaephyllum Proteaceae from the Late Paleocene of New South Wales Australian Systematic Botany 11 4 439 463 doi 10 1071 SB97021 a b c d Carpenter Raymond J Jordan Gregory J 1997 Early tertiary macrofossils of Proteaceae from Tasmania Australian Systematic Botany 10 4 533 563 doi 10 1071 SB96016 Mast Austin R and Kevin Thiele 2007 The transfer of Dryandra R Br to Banksia L f Proteaceae Australian Systematic Botany 20 63 71 doi 10 1071 SB06016 a b Hill Robert S Christophel David S 1988 Tertiary leaves of the tribe Banksieae Proteaceae from south eastern Australia Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 97 2 205 27 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 1988 tb02462 x a b Carpenter Raymond J Jordan Greg J 1997 Early Tertiary Macrofossils of Proteaceae from Tasmania PDF Australian Systematic Botany 10 4 533 63 doi 10 1071 SB96016 Carpenter Raymond J Jordan Greg Hill R S 1994 Banksieaephyllum taylorii Proteaceae from the late paleocene of New South Wales and its relevance to the origin of Australia s scleromorphic flora Australian Systematic Botany 7 4 385 392 doi 10 1071 SB9940385 Raymond Carpenter Gregory Jordan Bob Hill 2016 Fossil leaves of Banksia Banksieae and pretenders resolving the fossil genus Banksieaephyllum Australian Systematic Botany 29 2 126 141 doi 10 1071 SB16005 S2CID 89568423 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Banksieaephyllum amp oldid 1181402943, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
