Not to be confused with Bangkok Metropolis, which is a reference to Bangkok's city limits.
The Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) (Thai: กรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล; RTGS: krung thep maha nakhon lae parimonthon; lit.'Bangkok and environs'), may refer to a government-defined "political definition" of the urban region surrounding the metropolis of Bangkok, or the built-up area, i.e., urban agglomeration of Bangkok, Thailand, which varies in size and shape, and gets filled in as development expands.
Bangkok Metropolitan Region กรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล
True-color image of Bangkok and its surrounding provinces
A map of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The red are city-level municipalities and Bangkok's 50 districts. The orange is the town-level municipalities. The yellow are township-level municipalities.
The Bangkok Metropolitan Region (political definition) covers an area of 7,762 km2.[1]
Due to the success of the service and tourism industry in Bangkok, the city has gained in popularity for work among provincial Thais from the rural areas and with people from many countries in the Indochina region as well as many South Asian countries. Since around the turn of the century, there has been a large influx of Indians into Thailand (especially Punjabis, Gujaratis, Tamils and Pashtuns), and also Persians, Portuguese, Khmer Krom, Mons, Chinese, as well as others emigrating to Thailand and Bangkok. There are large numbers of workers who legally reside outside the metropolitan area and travel into the city for day jobs. The population of the Bangkok metropolis ("the city") increases to nine million during the day, from eight million at night. The morning influx into the greater metropolitan region is not very significant, rather the influx is seasonal depending upon crop seasons in the rest of the country.
Bangkok has seen rapid urbanization since its population reached two million in the 1960s. Since the 1980s, greater Bangkok's built-up areas have spilled beyond Bangkok's borders to neighboring provinces, initially to the north and south. Despite a general suburbanization trend, Bangkok remained centralized and the city core remained extremely dense until the early 2000s as heavy commuter traffic limited choices. The countryside between once independent towns and the capital became ever more filled in, with the advent and expansion of urban rail transit, as well as cheap credit enabling automobile adoption by the working class. The outward push of suburbanization has intensified as park and ride lots near train stations have sprung up.
In a manner similar to Los Angeles, Bangkok is transforming into a region where traffic flows in all directions rather than simply to the central core, as it once did. Suburbanziation has swallowed ever more fields and swamps, though even parts of Bangkok itself are not built-up. The first areas to suburbanize were in Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, and Samut Prakan Provinces. Other areas more recently have agglomerated in Samut Sakhon and Nakhon Pathom. Samut Prakan, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani and Samut Sakhon all have historic city centers.
Due to a lack of strict zoning laws, the metropolitan areas' growth appears haphazard. Central areas like Yaowarat, Siam, Sukhumvit, and Sathorn have seen skyrocketing land speculation as foreign investors are allowed to own condominiums, giving rise to Manhattanization. At the same time, fringe areas are being developed and the boundaries are no longer visible between each provincial city center. Due to the speed of this urban sprawl over the past twenty years,[when?] the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration has sought to tackle rising problems of commute times, pollution, and deteriorating air quality. Air quality has been declining year by year,[2][3][4][5] and the city still lacks an effective mass transit network outside Bangkok proper and a clean and effective plan to resolve environmental issues.
Population
Administrative Area
Area km2
Population (2000Cf)
Population (2010Cp)
Population (2011 DPA Registered)
Population (Jul 2017 Projection National Stat Office)
DOPA 2022 via https://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2565/E/012/T_0010.PDF (includes registered non-Thai residents a bit less than 1 million on nationwide citizen waiting list, appears not to include long-stay foreign residents who do not seek citizenship. Thais may only register single location, those retaining upcountry residency are not counted in region, regardless where they live and work. However, it is interesting to see suburban registration increases while Bangkok does not.)
The 2010 Census explicitly counted Thais and those with legal permanent residency status where they resided during the count.[7] The census failed to count long-stay migrants and expats without legal permanent resident status, who are estimated to number from "perhaps [two million]"[8] to "no less [sic] than 3 million"[9] nationwide. Therefore, greater Bangkok's actual population easily surpassed 15 million by the 2010 census.
The Department of Provincial Affairs th:กรมการปกครอง (DPA) Grommágaan Bpòkkrong registers Thai population and produces its own statistics separate from National Statistics Office (NSO). Millions live in Bangkok region with upcountry registration. Expats, migrants, those in refugee camps, and "native" ethnic tribes without Thai nationality may have not been counted DPA until 2016, when separate Thai nationality and Non-Thai was tabulated. The total registered population of 64,076,033 in 2011 was some 1.4 million fewer than census figures a year earlier.[10] Thailand is still (2013) trying to officially register migrant workers.[11]
As of post-coup 2014, Thailand's Department of Employment released figures showing that 408,507 legal workers from three neighboring states, and 1,630,279 Burmese, 40,546 Laotians, and 153,683 Cambodians without legal work authorization were working and residing in Thailand.[12] Nevertheless, some 180,000 Cambodians were said to have left Thailand post-coup due to rumors of a crackdown on illegals, indicating government figures may have been undercounted.[13]
Economy
For FY 2018, Bangkok Metropolitan Region had a combined economic output of 7.667 trillion baht (US$247.3 billion), or 46.8 percent of Thailand's GDP. Bangkok (BMA) had an economic output of 5.386 trillion baht (US$173.7 billion). This amounts to a GPP per capita of 604,421 baht (US$19,497), half more than Samut Sakhon province, next in the ranking and more than three times for Nonthaburi province, lowest in the ranking.[14]
Gross Provincial Product (GPP)
Rank
Province
GPP (million baht)
Population (x 1000)
GPP per capita (baht)
1
Bangkok (BMA)
5,386,803
8,912
604,421
2
Samut Sakhon
406,245
1,042
389,818
3
Samut Prakan
796,137
2,171
366,642
4
Nakhon Pathom
349,066
1,186
294,361
5
Pathum Thani
403,797
1,729
233,593
6
Nonthaburi
325,225
1,722
188,822
BMR
7,667,272
16,763
457,399
Traffic
As of 31 October 2012, some 7,384,934 vehicles were registered in the metro area, roughly one vehicle for every two persons.[15] To alleviate the ensuing congestion, massive railway development is ongoing, but its construction is causing large scale disturbance to major thoroughfares.
Destruction of green space
Bangkok's last undisturbed forested zone, Bang Kachao, in Samut Prakan's Phra Pradaeng District, also known as "the green lung" or (Thai: กระเพาะหมู; RTGS: krapho mu) ('pig's stomach', due to its shape) is threatened by urban sprawl, especially since a new city plan was implemented by Samut Prakan authorities. The plan has changed the pure green area to a "green and white" area, which allows residents to grow crops. Bang Kachao covers over 11,818 rai in six tambons in Phra Pradaeng.[16]
^"Thailand: Bangkok Metropolitan Region / กรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล". City Population. Retrieved 27 November 2015.[failed verification]
^"Air in Bangkok least polluted among world's global cities". Coconuts Bangkok. 24 November 2015.
^Sattar, Maher (11 December 2016). "Bangkok cleans up its act". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
^Sawitta Lefevre, Amy (8 February 2018). "Bangkok air pollution warning, children asked to stay indoors". Reuters. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
^"Smog blankets Bangkok as experts warn of serious threat to public health". Straits Times. 14 January 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
^Nantasenamat, Pranee. . International Urban Development Association (INTA). Archived from the original (Interview) on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
^. 2010 Population and Housing Census. National Statistical Office Thailand. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^"A deadly cocktail". The Economist. 2013-03-02. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^"Current Migration Challenges in Thailand" (PDF). European External Action Service. European Union External Action. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^Smith, Herbert. "Thailand: government extends a deadline for the registration of migrant workers". Lexology. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^"Junta: No crackdown on foreign workers". The Nation. June 17, 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^"Thailand, Cambodia to quash 'rumours' after worker exodus". Bangkok Post. 2014-06-17. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^Phitsanulok Provincial Statistical Report 2562-2019: Economic Statistics - National Accounts. Phitsanulok Provincial Statistical Office (Report). National Statistical Office (NSO). 2020. p. 93. ISSN 1905-8314.
^Jitsomboon, Vipaporn (2012-12-17). "Traffic in Bangkok set to worsen in 2014, official warns". The Nation. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^Saengpassa, Chularat; Sarnsamak, Pongphon (2014-04-08). "New city plan 'could ravage' the verdant Bang Krachao". The Nation. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
bangkok, metropolitan, region, confused, with, bangkok, metropolis, which, reference, bangkok, city, limits, thai, กร, งเทพมหานครและปร, มณฑล, rtgs, krung, thep, maha, nakhon, parimonthon, bangkok, environs, refer, government, defined, political, definition, ur. Not to be confused with Bangkok Metropolis which is a reference to Bangkok s city limits The Bangkok Metropolitan Region BMR Thai krungethphmhankhraelaprimnthl RTGS krung thep maha nakhon lae parimonthon lit Bangkok and environs may refer to a government defined political definition of the urban region surrounding the metropolis of Bangkok or the built up area i e urban agglomeration of Bangkok Thailand which varies in size and shape and gets filled in as development expands Bangkok Metropolitan RegionkrungethphmhankhraelaprimnthlTrue color image of Bangkok and its surrounding provincesA map of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region The red are city level municipalities and Bangkok s 50 districts The orange is the town level municipalities The yellow are township level municipalities Country ThailandRegionCentral ThailandProvincesBangkokNonthaburiNakhon Pathom Pathum ThaniSamut PrakanSamut SakhonTime zoneUTC 7 ICT The political definition is defined as the metropolis and the five adjacent provinces of Nakhon Pathom Pathum Thani Nonthaburi Samut Prakan and Samut Sakhon Contents 1 Area and population 2 Urban build up 2 1 Population 3 Economy 4 Traffic 5 Destruction of green space 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksArea and population EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Bangkok Nakhon Pathom Nonthaburi Pathum Thani Samut Prakan Samut Sakhonclass notpageimage Bangkok Metropolitan Region The Bangkok Metropolitan Region political definition covers an area of 7 762 km2 1 Due to the success of the service and tourism industry in Bangkok the city has gained in popularity for work among provincial Thais from the rural areas and with people from many countries in the Indochina region as well as many South Asian countries Since around the turn of the century there has been a large influx of Indians into Thailand especially Punjabis Gujaratis Tamils and Pashtuns and also Persians Portuguese Khmer Krom Mons Chinese as well as others emigrating to Thailand and Bangkok There are large numbers of workers who legally reside outside the metropolitan area and travel into the city for day jobs The population of the Bangkok metropolis the city increases to nine million during the day from eight million at night The morning influx into the greater metropolitan region is not very significant rather the influx is seasonal depending upon crop seasons in the rest of the country Urban build up EditThis section has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message This section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed May 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Bangkok has seen rapid urbanization since its population reached two million in the 1960s Since the 1980s greater Bangkok s built up areas have spilled beyond Bangkok s borders to neighboring provinces initially to the north and south Despite a general suburbanization trend Bangkok remained centralized and the city core remained extremely dense until the early 2000s as heavy commuter traffic limited choices The countryside between once independent towns and the capital became ever more filled in with the advent and expansion of urban rail transit as well as cheap credit enabling automobile adoption by the working class The outward push of suburbanization has intensified as park and ride lots near train stations have sprung up In a manner similar to Los Angeles Bangkok is transforming into a region where traffic flows in all directions rather than simply to the central core as it once did Suburbanziation has swallowed ever more fields and swamps though even parts of Bangkok itself are not built up The first areas to suburbanize were in Pathum Thani Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan Provinces Other areas more recently have agglomerated in Samut Sakhon and Nakhon Pathom Samut Prakan Nonthaburi Pathum Thani and Samut Sakhon all have historic city centers Due to a lack of strict zoning laws the metropolitan areas growth appears haphazard Central areas like Yaowarat Siam Sukhumvit and Sathorn have seen skyrocketing land speculation as foreign investors are allowed to own condominiums giving rise to Manhattanization At the same time fringe areas are being developed and the boundaries are no longer visible between each provincial city center Due to the speed of this urban sprawl over the past twenty years when the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration has sought to tackle rising problems of commute times pollution and deteriorating air quality Air quality has been declining year by year 2 3 4 5 and the city still lacks an effective mass transit network outside Bangkok proper and a clean and effective plan to resolve environmental issues Population Edit Administrative Area Areakm2 Population 2000Cf Population 2010Cp Population 2011 DPA Registered Population Jul 2017 Projection National Stat Office Population Dec 2022 DPA Registered Pop Densityinhabitants km2 2017 NSO Bangkok Metropolis 1 568 737 6 355 144 8 249 117 5 674 843 8 750 600 5 527 994 5 578Nonthaburi 622 30 816 614 1 333 623 1 122 627 1 549 000 1 288 637 2 489Samut Prakan 1 004 50 1 028 401 1 828 044 1 223 302 2 089 200 1 356 449 2 080Pathum Thani 1 525 90 677 649 1 326 617 1 010 898 1 495 100 1 190 060 979Samut Sakhon 872 30 466 281 885 559 499 098 971 200 586 789 1114Nakhon Pathom 2 168 30 815 122 942 560 866 064 1 079 400 922 171 497BMR 7 762 6 10 159 211 14 565 520 10 396 832 15 931 300 10 872 100 2 053Sources http www citypopulation de php thailand admin php reporting NSO go th Census Data 2010 figures subject to revision http citypopulation de php thailand prov admin php reporting NSO go th 2017 Projections on 2010 Census data https dopa go th banner link fileDownload 130 Dept Provincial Affairs Dec 2016 DOPA 2022 via https www ratchakitcha soc go th DATA PDF 2565 E 012 T 0010 PDF includes registered non Thai residents a bit less than 1 million on nationwide citizen waiting list appears not to include long stay foreign residents who do not seek citizenship Thais may only register single location those retaining upcountry residency are not counted in region regardless where they live and work However it is interesting to see suburban registration increases while Bangkok does not The 2010 Census explicitly counted Thais and those with legal permanent residency status where they resided during the count 7 The census failed to count long stay migrants and expats without legal permanent resident status who are estimated to number from perhaps two million 8 to no less sic than 3 million 9 nationwide Therefore greater Bangkok s actual population easily surpassed 15 million by the 2010 census The Department of Provincial Affairs th krmkarpkkhrxng DPA Grommagaan Bpokkrong registers Thai population and produces its own statistics separate from National Statistics Office NSO Millions live in Bangkok region with upcountry registration Expats migrants those in refugee camps and native ethnic tribes without Thai nationality may have not been counted DPA until 2016 when separate Thai nationality and Non Thai was tabulated The total registered population of 64 076 033 in 2011 was some 1 4 million fewer than census figures a year earlier 10 Thailand is still 2013 trying to officially register migrant workers 11 As of post coup 2014 Thailand s Department of Employment released figures showing that 408 507 legal workers from three neighboring states and 1 630 279 Burmese 40 546 Laotians and 153 683 Cambodians without legal work authorization were working and residing in Thailand 12 Nevertheless some 180 000 Cambodians were said to have left Thailand post coup due to rumors of a crackdown on illegals indicating government figures may have been undercounted 13 Economy EditFor FY 2018 Bangkok Metropolitan Region had a combined economic output of 7 667 trillion baht US 247 3 billion or 46 8 percent of Thailand s GDP Bangkok BMA had an economic output of 5 386 trillion baht US 173 7 billion This amounts to a GPP per capita of 604 421 baht US 19 497 half more than Samut Sakhon province next in the ranking and more than three times for Nonthaburi province lowest in the ranking 14 Gross Provincial Product GPP Rank Province GPP million baht Population x 1000 GPP per capita baht 1 Bangkok BMA 5 386 803 8 912 604 4212 Samut Sakhon 406 245 1 042 389 8183 Samut Prakan 796 137 2 171 366 6424 Nakhon Pathom 349 066 1 186 294 3615 Pathum Thani 403 797 1 729 233 5936 Nonthaburi 325 225 1 722 188 822 BMR 7 667 272 16 763 457 399Traffic EditAs of 31 October 2012 some 7 384 934 vehicles were registered in the metro area roughly one vehicle for every two persons 15 To alleviate the ensuing congestion massive railway development is ongoing but its construction is causing large scale disturbance to major thoroughfares Destruction of green space EditBangkok s last undisturbed forested zone Bang Kachao in Samut Prakan s Phra Pradaeng District also known as the green lung or Thai kraephaahmu RTGS krapho mu pig s stomach due to its shape is threatened by urban sprawl especially since a new city plan was implemented by Samut Prakan authorities The plan has changed the pure green area to a green and white area which allows residents to grow crops Bang Kachao covers over 11 818 rai in six tambons in Phra Pradaeng 16 See also EditBangkok Metropolitan AdministrationReferences Edit Thailand Bangkok Metropolitan Region krungethphmhankhraelaprimnthl City Population Retrieved 27 November 2015 failed verification Air in Bangkok least polluted among world s global cities Coconuts Bangkok 24 November 2015 Sattar Maher 11 December 2016 Bangkok cleans up its act Al Jazeera Retrieved 3 June 2019 Sawitta Lefevre Amy 8 February 2018 Bangkok air pollution warning children asked to stay indoors Reuters Retrieved 3 June 2019 Smog blankets Bangkok as experts warn of serious threat to public health Straits Times 14 January 2019 Retrieved 3 June 2019 Nantasenamat Pranee Bangkok Metropolitan area Thailand International Urban Development Association INTA Archived from the original Interview on 3 June 2019 Retrieved 3 June 2019 Who is included in the census 2010 Population and Housing Census National Statistical Office Thailand Archived from the original on 21 September 2013 Retrieved 27 November 2015 A deadly cocktail The Economist 2013 03 02 Retrieved 27 November 2015 Current Migration Challenges in Thailand PDF European External Action Service European Union External Action Retrieved 27 November 2015 prakascanwnprachakr pi ph s 2554 stat bora dopa go th Smith Herbert Thailand government extends a deadline for the registration of migrant workers Lexology Retrieved 27 November 2015 Junta No crackdown on foreign workers The Nation June 17 2014 Retrieved 27 November 2015 Thailand Cambodia to quash rumours after worker exodus Bangkok Post 2014 06 17 Retrieved 27 November 2015 Phitsanulok Provincial Statistical Report 2562 2019 Economic Statistics National Accounts Phitsanulok Provincial Statistical Office Report National Statistical Office NSO 2020 p 93 ISSN 1905 8314 Jitsomboon Vipaporn 2012 12 17 Traffic in Bangkok set to worsen in 2014 official warns The Nation Retrieved 27 November 2015 Saengpassa Chularat Sarnsamak Pongphon 2014 04 08 New city plan could ravage the verdant Bang Krachao The Nation Retrieved 27 November 2015 External links EditMinistry Of Interior Thailand National Statistical OfficeCoordinates 13 51 N 100 25 E 13 850 N 100 417 E 13 850 100 417 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bangkok Metropolitan Region amp oldid 1142983364, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
