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Baltic neopaganism

January 01, 1970

Baltic neopaganism is a category of autochthonous religious movements which have revitalised within the Baltic people (primarily Lithuanians and Latvians).[1][2][3] These movements trace their origins back to the 19th century and they were suppressed under the Soviet Union; after its fall they have witnessed a blossoming alongside the national and cultural identity reawakening of the Baltic peoples, both in their homelands and among expatriate Baltic communities, with close ties to conservation movements.[4] One of the first ideologues of the revival was the Prussian Lithuanian poet and philosopher Vydūnas.[2]

During the Pope Francis's visit to the Baltic states in 2018 the Dievturība and Romuva movements sent a joint letter to Pope Francis calling him to urge fellow Christians "to respect our own religious choice and cease impeding our efforts to achieve national recognition of the ancient Baltic faith".[5] The movements have said that they dislike the usage of the term "pagan" as it is "loaded with centuries of prejudice and persecution".[6]

Movements edit

Dievturība edit

 
Aerial view of Lokstene Shrine of Dievturi
Main article: Dievturība

Dievturība (Latvian compound derived from Dievs "God", plus turēt "hold", "uphold", "behold", "keep"; literally "Godkeeping")[7] is a Latvian Pagan revival,[8][9][10] also present among Latvian Canadian and Latvian American expatriate communities.[11] It is characterised by a monistic theological approach[12] to Baltic paganism viewing all the gods and all nature as expression of the Dievs.[13] A common view is that the Dievs is at the same time the transcendent fountain of reality, the matter-energy substrate, and the law ordaining the universe.[13]

The movement was started in 1925 by Ernests Brastiņš with the publication of the book entitled Revival of Latvian Dievturība.[14] After the annexation of Latvia to the Soviet Union the Dievturi were repressed, but the movement continued to operate among exiles. Since the 1990s, Dievturi was re-introduced to Latvia and began to grow again; in 2011 there were about 663 official members.[15] The Lokstene Shrine of Dievturi was inaugurated in 2017.[16]

Romuva edit

 
A Romuvan procession.
Main article: Romuva (religion)

Romuva is a modern revival of the traditional ethnic religion of the Baltic peoples, reviving the religious practices of the Lithuanians before their Christianization. Romuva claims to continue living Baltic pagan traditions which survived in folklore and customs.[17][18][19]

Romuva primarily exists in Lithuania but there are also congregations of adherents in Australia, Canada, the United States,[20] and England.[21] There are also Romuviai in Norway.[22] Practising the Romuva faith is seen by many adherents as a form of cultural pride, along with celebrating traditional forms of art, retelling Baltic folklore, practising traditional holidays, playing traditional Baltic music, singing traditional dainas or hymns and songs as well as ecological activism and stewarding sacred places.[23]

Other edit

The re-enactment group Vilkatlakai, originally named Baltuva, formed in Lithuania in 1995 and is distinguished by its masculine vision of Baltic paganism.[24] The Kurono movement formed in 2003 as a split from Romuva, expressing dissatisfaction with the Romuva leadership's emphasis on ethnographical studies at the expense of theology. They were also critical of Romuva's openness to the media and other outsiders at religious events.[24]

References edit

  1. ^ Muktupāvels 2005, p. 762.
  2. ^ a b Wiench 1995
  3. ^ Monika Hanley (October 28, 2010). Baltic diaspora and the rise of Neo-Paganism. The Baltic Times. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  4. ^ Naylor, Aliide (31 May 2019). "Soviet power gone, Baltic countries' historic pagan past re-emerges". Religion News Service. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  5. ^ "Baltic pagans ask pope for help over religious status battle". France 24. 21 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  6. ^ Svete, Aliide Naylor. "The rituals of Paganism are making a comeback deep in the Baltic states".
  7. ^ С. И. Рыжакова. Латышское неоязычество: заметки этнографа
  8. ^ Melton & Baumann 2010, Paganism in Latvia.
  9. ^ Carole M. Cusack, Alex Norman. Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production. — Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL, 2012. — 820.
  10. ^ S. I. Ryzhakova. Диевтурîба: латышское неоязычество и истоки национализма. — Moscow: Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1999. - 35.
  11. ^ Strmiska, p. 20
  12. ^ Strmiska, p. 21
  13. ^ a b Vilius Dundzila. The Ancient Latvian Religion - Dievturība 2011-08-06 at the Wayback Machine. ¶ DIEVS. Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences, 1987.
  14. ^ Latvian Encyclopedia of Religions: Neopagānisms / dievturi.
  15. ^ (in Latvian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  16. ^ Stasulāne, Anita (14 March 2019). "A Reconstructed Indigenous Religious Tradition in Latvia". Religions. 10 (195): 195. doi:10.3390/rel10030195.
  17. ^ Dundzila (2007), pp. 279, 296-298.
  18. ^ Dundzila and Strmiska (2005), p. 247.
  19. ^ Ignatow (2007), p. 104.
  20. ^ Dundzila and Strmiska (2005), p. 278.
  21. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
  22. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-04-02. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
  23. ^ Dundzila and Strmiska (2005), p. 244.
  24. ^ a b Pranskevičiūtė and Aleknaitė (2014), p. 172.

Bibliography edit

  • Gatis Ozoliņš: Die aktuelle kettische Dievturi-Bewegung; in: René Gründer et al.: Der andere Glaube; Ergon Verlag, 2009. ISBN 978-3-89913-688-3
  • Dundzila & Strmiska, Romuva: Lithuanian Paganism in Lithuania and America in Strmiska (ed)., Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives; ABC-CLIO, 2005.
  • Dundzila, V. R., Baltic Lithuanian Religion and Romuva in TYR vol. 3; Ultra Press, 2007.
  • Ignatow, G., Cultural Heritage and the Environment in Lithuania in Transnational Identity Politics and the Environment; Lexington Books, 2007.
  • Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin, eds. (2010). "Paganism in Latvia". Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara; Denver; Oxford: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.
  • Misane, Agita. 2000. The Traditional Latvian Religion of Dievturiba in the Discourse of Nationalism. Religious Minorities in Latvia 4, no. 29: 33–52.
  • Muktupāvels, Valdis (2005). "Baltic Religion: New Religious Movements". In Lindsay Jones (ed.). Encyclopedia of Religion: 15 Volume Set. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit, Mi: MacMillan Reference USA. pp. 762–767. ISBN 0-02-865735-7.
  • Naylor, A., The Shadow in the East; I.B. Tauris, 2020.
  • Pranskevičiūtė, Rasa; Aleknaitė, Eglė (2014). "Šiuolaikinė pagonybė Lietuvoje: matomos ir nematomos grupės" [Modern paganism in Lithuania: visible and invisible groups]. In Ališauskienė, Milda (ed.). Religijų įvairovė Lietuvoje: portretai, kasdienybė ir šventės [Religious diversity in Lithuania: portraits, everyday life and festivals] (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Kaunas and Vilnius: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, Versus aureus. pp. 170–173. ISBN 978-609-467-085-5.
  • Wiench, Piotr. Neopaganism in CentralEastern Europe, Spoleczenstwo otwarte 4, 1995.; 5th World Congress of Central and Eastern European Studies in Warsaw, 1995.
  • Schnirelmann, Victor: "Christians! Go home": A Revival of Neo-Paganism between the Baltic Sea and Transcaucasia. Journal of Contemporary Religion, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2002.
  • Strmiska, F. Michael. Modern Paganism in World Cultures. ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 978-1-85109-608-4

External links edit

  • Latvijas Dievturu sadraudze (in Latvian)
  • Dievsēta — American Dievturi
  • Foundation Māras Loks (in Latvian)
  • Kurono Academy of Baltic Priesthood (in Lithuanian)
  • Lithuanian Romuvan Church (in Lithuanian)
  • Vilkatlakai (in Lithuanian)
Articles
  • Aliide Naylor. Soviet power gone, Baltic countries’ historic pagan past re-emerges
  • Aliide Naylor. The rituals of Paganism are making a comeback deep in the Baltic states
  • Jonas Trinkunas. Revival of the ancient Baltic religions.

January 01, 1970
baltic, neopaganism, category, autochthonous, religious, movements, which, have, revitalised, within, baltic, people, primarily, lithuanians, latvians, these, movements, trace, their, origins, back, 19th, century, they, were, suppressed, under, soviet, union, . Baltic neopaganism is a category of autochthonous religious movements which have revitalised within the Baltic people primarily Lithuanians and Latvians 1 2 3 These movements trace their origins back to the 19th century and they were suppressed under the Soviet Union after its fall they have witnessed a blossoming alongside the national and cultural identity reawakening of the Baltic peoples both in their homelands and among expatriate Baltic communities with close ties to conservation movements 4 One of the first ideologues of the revival was the Prussian Lithuanian poet and philosopher Vydunas 2 During the Pope Francis s visit to the Baltic states in 2018 the Dievturiba and Romuva movements sent a joint letter to Pope Francis calling him to urge fellow Christians to respect our own religious choice and cease impeding our efforts to achieve national recognition of the ancient Baltic faith 5 The movements have said that they dislike the usage of the term pagan as it is loaded with centuries of prejudice and persecution 6 Contents 1 Movements 1 1 Dievturiba 1 2 Romuva 1 3 Other 2 References 3 Bibliography 4 External linksMovements editDievturiba edit nbsp Aerial view of Lokstene Shrine of Dievturi Main article Dievturiba Dievturiba Latvian compound derived from Dievs God plus turet hold uphold behold keep literally Godkeeping 7 is a Latvian Pagan revival 8 9 10 also present among Latvian Canadian and Latvian American expatriate communities 11 It is characterised by a monistic theological approach 12 to Baltic paganism viewing all the gods and all nature as expression of the Dievs 13 A common view is that the Dievs is at the same time the transcendent fountain of reality the matter energy substrate and the law ordaining the universe 13 The movement was started in 1925 by Ernests Brastins with the publication of the book entitled Revival of Latvian Dievturiba 14 After the annexation of Latvia to the Soviet Union the Dievturi were repressed but the movement continued to operate among exiles Since the 1990s Dievturi was re introduced to Latvia and began to grow again in 2011 there were about 663 official members 15 The Lokstene Shrine of Dievturi was inaugurated in 2017 16 Romuva edit nbsp A Romuvan procession Main article Romuva religion Romuva is a modern revival of the traditional ethnic religion of the Baltic peoples reviving the religious practices of the Lithuanians before their Christianization Romuva claims to continue living Baltic pagan traditions which survived in folklore and customs 17 18 19 Romuva primarily exists in Lithuania but there are also congregations of adherents in Australia Canada the United States 20 and England 21 There are also Romuviai in Norway 22 Practising the Romuva faith is seen by many adherents as a form of cultural pride along with celebrating traditional forms of art retelling Baltic folklore practising traditional holidays playing traditional Baltic music singing traditional dainas or hymns and songs as well as ecological activism and stewarding sacred places 23 Other edit The re enactment group Vilkatlakai originally named Baltuva formed in Lithuania in 1995 and is distinguished by its masculine vision of Baltic paganism 24 The Kurono movement formed in 2003 as a split from Romuva expressing dissatisfaction with the Romuva leadership s emphasis on ethnographical studies at the expense of theology They were also critical of Romuva s openness to the media and other outsiders at religious events 24 References edit Muktupavels 2005 p 762 a b Wiench 1995 Monika Hanley October 28 2010 Baltic diaspora and the rise of Neo Paganism The Baltic Times Retrieved 26 May 2019 Naylor Aliide 31 May 2019 Soviet power gone Baltic countries historic pagan past re emerges Religion News Service Retrieved 8 June 2019 Baltic pagans ask pope for help over religious status battle France 24 21 August 2018 Retrieved 29 August 2018 Svete Aliide Naylor The rituals of Paganism are making a comeback deep in the Baltic states S I Ryzhakova Latyshskoe neoyazychestvo zametki etnografa Melton amp Baumann 2010 Paganism in Latvia Carole M Cusack Alex Norman Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production Leiden The Netherlands BRILL 2012 820 S I Ryzhakova Dievturiba latyshskoe neoyazychestvo i istoki nacionalizma Moscow Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1999 35 Strmiska p 20 Strmiska p 21 a b Vilius Dundzila The Ancient Latvian Religion Dievturiba Archived 2011 08 06 at the Wayback Machine DIEVS Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences 1987 Latvian Encyclopedia of Religions Neopaganisms dievturi Tieslietu ministrija iesniegtie religisko organizaciju parskati par darbibu 2011 gada in Latvian Archived from the original on 2012 11 26 Retrieved 2012 07 25 Stasulane Anita 14 March 2019 A Reconstructed Indigenous Religious Tradition in Latvia Religions 10 195 195 doi 10 3390 rel10030195 Dundzila 2007 pp 279 296 298 Dundzila and Strmiska 2005 p 247 Ignatow 2007 p 104 Dundzila and Strmiska 2005 p 278 Saulegrįza Londono Romuvoje Archived from the original on 2016 05 01 Retrieved 2013 08 04 Baltu Krivule Kurtuvenuose 2011 06 5 Archived from the original on 2016 04 02 Retrieved 2013 08 04 Dundzila and Strmiska 2005 p 244 a b Pranskeviciute and Aleknaite 2014 p 172 Bibliography editGatis Ozolins Die aktuelle kettische Dievturi Bewegung in Rene Grunder et al Der andere Glaube Ergon Verlag 2009 ISBN 978 3 89913 688 3 Dundzila amp Strmiska Romuva Lithuanian Paganism in Lithuania and America in Strmiska ed Modern Paganism in World Cultures Comparative Perspectives ABC CLIO 2005 Dundzila V R Baltic Lithuanian Religion and Romuva in TYR vol 3 Ultra Press 2007 Ignatow G Cultural Heritage and the Environment in Lithuania in Transnational Identity Politics and the Environment Lexington Books 2007 Melton J Gordon Baumann Martin eds 2010 Paganism in Latvia Religions of the world a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices Vol 4 2nd ed Santa Barbara Denver Oxford ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 59884 203 6 Misane Agita 2000 The Traditional Latvian Religion of Dievturiba in the Discourse of Nationalism Religious Minorities in Latvia 4 no 29 33 52 Muktupavels Valdis 2005 Baltic Religion New Religious Movements In Lindsay Jones ed Encyclopedia of Religion 15 Volume Set Vol 2 2nd ed Detroit Mi MacMillan Reference USA pp 762 767 ISBN 0 02 865735 7 Naylor A The Shadow in the East I B Tauris 2020 Pranskeviciute Rasa Aleknaite Egle 2014 Siuolaikine pagonybe Lietuvoje matomos ir nematomos grupes Modern paganism in Lithuania visible and invisible groups In Alisauskiene Milda ed Religiju įvairove Lietuvoje portretai kasdienybe ir sventes Religious diversity in Lithuania portraits everyday life and festivals PDF in Lithuanian Kaunas and Vilnius Vytauto Didziojo universitetas Versus aureus pp 170 173 ISBN 978 609 467 085 5 Wiench Piotr Neopaganism in CentralEastern Europe Spoleczenstwo otwarte 4 1995 5th World Congress of Central and Eastern European Studies in Warsaw 1995 Schnirelmann Victor Christians Go home A Revival of Neo Paganism between the Baltic Sea and Transcaucasia Journal of Contemporary Religion Vol 17 No 2 2002 Strmiska F Michael Modern Paganism in World Cultures ABC CLIO 2005 ISBN 978 1 85109 608 4External links editLatvijas Dievturu sadraudze in Latvian Dievseta American Dievturi Foundation Maras Loks in Latvian Kurono Academy of Baltic Priesthood in Lithuanian Lithuanian Romuvan Church in Lithuanian Vilkatlakai in Lithuanian Articles Aliide Naylor Soviet power gone Baltic countries historic pagan past re emerges Aliide Naylor The rituals of Paganism are making a comeback deep in the Baltic states Jonas Trinkunas Revival of the ancient Baltic religions Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baltic neopaganism amp oldid 1217882188, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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