Bad Girl (Madonna song)
"Bad Girl" is a song by American singer and songwriter Madonna from her fifth studio album, Erotica (1992). It was written and produced by both Madonna and Shep Pettibone, with additional writing from Anthony Shimkin, and released by Maverick, Sire and Warner. In Australia and most European countries, the song was released as the album's third single on February 2, 1993; in the United States, a release was issued on March 11. "Bad Girl" is a pop and R&B ballad with lyrics that describe a woman trying to escape her reality through self-destructive behaviors, such as drinking and chain smoking.
| "Bad Girl" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single by Madonna | ||||
| from the album Erotica | ||||
| B-side | "Fever" | |||
| Released | February 2, 1993 | |||
| Recorded | 1992 | |||
| Studio | Soundworks (New York) | |||
| Genre | ||||
| Length | 5:23 | |||
| Label | ||||
| Songwriter(s) |
| |||
| Producer(s) |
| |||
| Madonna singles chronology | ||||
| ||||
| Music video | ||||
| "Bad Girl" on YouTube | ||||
Upon release, "Bad Girl" received positive reviews from music critics, with some noting a departure from Madonna's highly sexual image of the time; in retrospective reviews, it is now considered one of her best and most underrated singles. Commercially, "Bad Girl" saw a lukewarm reception. In the United States, it reached number 36, becoming Madonna's first single to not reach the top 30 or top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100, breaking a streak of 27 consecutive top 20 singles that began with "Holiday" (1983) and ended with "Deeper and Deeper" (1992). "Bad Girl" fared better in the United Kingdom, where it reached the top-ten, and in Ecuador, Iceland and Italy, where it reached the charts' top-three spots.
The accompanying music video for "Bad Girl" marked Madonna's final collaboration with director David Fincher; the singer plays Louise Oriole, a successful but promiscuous Manhattan businesswoman who engages in one-night stands with multiple men, until one of them murders her. Christopher Walken played the role of her guardian angel. The visual was lauded by critics, who deemed it one of Madonna's best, and noted tropes and references Fincher would go on to use in his future works. Madonna performed "Bad Girl" during a visit to Saturday Night Live in January 1993, and thirty years later on the Celebration Tour.
Background and recording edit
In 1992, Madonna founded her own multi-media entertainment company Maverick, consisting of a record company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), and associated music publishing, television broadcasting, book publishing, and merchandising divisions.[1] The first two projects from the venture were her fifth studio album Erotica and a coffee table book of photographs featuring Madonna, entitled Sex.[1][2] For Erotica, Madonna primarily collaborated with American producer Shep Pettibone; Pettibone first began working with the singer during the 1980s, providing remixes for several of her singles.[3][4] Pettibone would build the base music of the songs in a style similar to his remixes, while Madonna wrote the melodies and lyrics.[5] According to the producer in an article titled "Erotica Diaries", published on Madonna's Icon magazine, he created a tape of three tracks for Madonna to listen to; he traveled to Chicago, where she was filming A League of Their Own (1992), played the songs for her and she liked all of them.[4] In October 1991, Madonna met with Pettibone in New York City to start working on demos.[4] According to Mark Bego, the first batch of songs they worked on were "Erotica", "Deeper and Deeper", "Bad Girl", "Thief of Hearts", and "Rain".[6] Anthony Shimkin, who also worked on the album, recalled that Madonna had with her a "book full of lyrics and melody ideas".[7] Recording took place at Astoria's Sound Work Studios from November 1991 to October 1992.[4] For the singer's vocals, an older style SM57 microphone was used; Pettibone believed that "sometimes, older is better".[8]
The producer recalled how, as the recording sessions progressed, the melodies became more melancholic; he noted that Madonna's stories made the songs "a lot more serious and intense", leading them into a "deeply personal territory".[4] Similarly, Shimkin said that "Bad Girl", along with fellow album track "In This Life", was a song that the singer had a "really deep personal attachment" to, but didn't notice this until the album was completed.[7][9] He added: "['Bad Girl' is] one of those songs, like 'Oh Father' or 'Papa Don't Preach', where she really calls on her own emotions and experiences. She's never afraid to expose herself emotionally."[9] Pettibone, however, said that he never thought of "Bad Girl" as autobiographical, but as a song people could relate to.[7]
Composition and lyrics edit
"Bad Girl" was written and produced by both Madonna and Pettibone, with additional lyrics by Anthony Shimkin. Personnel working on the song included Pettibone on the sequencing, keyboard arrangement, and programming, alongside Shimkin; Dennis Mitchell and Robin Hancock were the song's recording engineers, while Goh Hotada was in charge of mixing, and Ted Jensen of mastering.[11]
Musicallly, "Bad Girl" is a melancholic,[12] "somber, guilt-ridden"[13] ballad that talks about a woman experiencing extreme sadness due to a failed relationship.[14] Madonna's vocal range spans from F♯3 to C♯5.[14] According to Carol Benson and Allan Metz, authors of The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, the song highlights the main theme explored throughout Erotica of "the pain and torment of the heart and the perils of romance".[14]
Speaking to the BBC, Madonna herself explained that the lyrics talk about a woman in a toxic relationship, trying to "distract herself from reality" through behaviors such as drinking and chain smoking; "she really cares for this person and she’s having a hard time saying goodbye [...] She’s unhappy with her situation".[15] It begins with Madonna singing the lines "Something’s missing and I don’t know why/I always feel the need to hide my feelings from you".[16] The "profound inner turmoil" felt by the narrator is depicted by the time the song gets to the refrain, "Bad girl, drunk by six/Kissing someone else's lips/Smoked too many cigarettes today/I’m not happy when I act this way".[10][16] Billboard's Larry Flick noted that Madonna's vocals are "mournful [...] amid a swirl of synths and a slow, syncopated beat".[12]
Release and critical reception edit
"While most of the songs on Erotica explore the explicit and often rewarding aspects of sex, 'Bad Girl' takes a different route, tackling the emotional consequences that can come with the act [...] It’s a sharp lesson that pain can be synonymous with passion."
—Billboard's Bianca Gracie reviewing "Bad Girl" on the magazine's list of Madonna's 100 best songs.[17]
In Australia and numerous European countries, "Bad Girl" was released as Erotica's third official single on February 2, 1993.[18][19][20][21] In the United States, it was released on March 11 with "Fever" as B-side.[22] Upon release, "Bad Girl" was generally well received by music critics. For Billboard, Flick highlighted its "intense" lyrics which Joe Lynch, from the same magazine, considered to be Madonna's "most affecting".[12][7] Benson and Metz pointed out that the song was a departure from the singer's "highly sexualized image" at the time.[14] AllMusic's Jose F. Promis stated that the song's lukewarm commercial reception was not a reflection of its "artistic achievement".[23] Arion Berger, from Rolling Stone, called it "riveting", and pointed out that the song sees the singer recognize the "discomfort [the audience] feel[s] when sensing the human character of a woman whose function is purely sexual. A sex symbol herself, she coolly removes the threat of her own personality."[24] J. D. Considine, for The Baltimore Sun, named it "as sobering as it is sad", and opined, "Simply hearing the quaver in her voice as she insists 'You'll always be my baby' is enough to break any listener's heart."[10] Chris Willman, for Los Angeles Times, named it one of Erotica's best tracks, as it "trades in mixed emotions instead of purely catty or cornball ones".[25] Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani deemed it a hymn to promiscuity, and Anthony Violanti, from The Buffalo News, Madonna's "personal confessional on love".[3][26] A negative review came from Entertainment Weekly's David Browne, who dismissed it as a "lonely-at-the-top, lovesick-victim" song.[27] Graham Gremore, writing for Queerty, was also dismissive of the track, referring to it as "sappy" and opining that "Thief of Hearts", another song from Erotica, would've made a better single.[28]
Retrospective reviews have been positive. Eric Henderson, for Slant Magazine, named the song Madonna's 35th greatest single and a "brutal self-laceration served in the most flamboyantly melodramatic fashion imaginable"; Henderson also compared it to "In This Life", with the exception that, "['Bad Girl'] is the far more dangerous track".[29] For Albumism's Justin Chadwick, it is the single that "leaves the most enduring impression" and reinforces Madonna's abilities to craft "ballads that carry emotional weight without coming across as overwrought".[30] Matthew Jacobs from HuffPost said the track is the "classiest" in Erotica, and placed it at number 34 of his ranking of the singer's singles.[31] A similar opinion was shared by The Backlot's Louis Virtel, who felt the track is a "classy ballad with a great message", and the singer's 75th best song.[32] On Gay Star News' ranking, "Bad Girl" came in at number 27.[33] The song was considered a "well-honed, slow piece of pop theatre" by The Guardian's Jude Rogers, who also deemed it Madonna's 45th best.[34] "Bad Girl" was classified as the singer's 42nd and 49th greatest song by Rolling Stone and Entertainment Weekly's Chuck Arnold, respectively;[13] the latter opined it "feels like a great deep cut rather than a single".[35]
It has also been considered one of Madonna's most underrated tracks: Idolator's Mike Wass said that, thematically, it "deserved to be recognized as one of [Madonna]'s signature songs"; in another occasion, Wass opined that the song "should have been bigger" as it is "one of the most achingly-honest pop songs of the '90s", as well as a "towering achievement that still holds up today".[36][16] From the Official Charts Company, Justin Myers considered "Bad Girl" to be one of Madonna's "hidden gems" that show off her "storytelling abilities in its (rather depressing) lyrics".[37] Lisa Yang from WatchMojo also placed it among Madonna's most underrated songs, adding that, "with its intentionally vintage sound, 'Bad Girl' was a refreshing look at the reality of Madonna's party-focused lyrics".[38] In 2022, the staff of Queerty referred to "Bad Girl" as one of the singer's "most underappreciated" singles.[39] Matthew Barton, writing for British magazine The Quietus, said it was among "the most gorgeous ballads of [Madonna's] career".[40]
Chart performance edit
In the United States, "Bad Girl" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 75, in the issue dated February 20, 1993.[41] As the weeks went by, the song climbed places and finally peaked at number 36 on the week of March 27.[42] "Bad Girl" became Madonna's first single to not reach the top 30 or top 20 of the Hot 100, breaking a streak of 27 consecutive top 20 singles that began with "Holiday" (1983) and ended with "Deeper and Deeper", as well as her lowest-charting song since "Oh Father" (1989).[43] Fred Bronson attributed the single's poor chart performance to the controversy surrounding Madonna with Erotica, the Sex book, and the film Body of Evidence (1993).[43] Similarly, Promis felt that the public was tired of the artist's "bratty bad girl posturing", which was in "full swing" at the time of the single's release.[23] On the Hot 100 component charts Top 40 Radio Monitor and Top Singles Sales, it reached numbers 44 and 36, respectively.[44][45] "Bad Girl" peaked at number 26 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart.[46] The "Fever"/"Bad Girl" release reached the first position of Billboard's Dance Singles Sales chart, and came in at number 46 on the year-end chart.[47][48] In Canada, the single peaked at number 20 of RPM's Top Singles chart on the week of March 27, 1993.[49]
In the United Kingdom, "Bad Girl" debuted at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number 10 on March 13, 1993; it was present on the chart for a total of seven weeks.[50] According to Music Week magazine, over 74,915 copies of the single have been sold in the UK as of 2008.[51] In other European countries, such as France,[20] Germany,[21] and Belgium, the single saw a weak commercial reception as it failed to crack the top 30.[19] The song fared better in the charts of Switzerland and Ireland, peaking at 25 and 20, respectively.[52][53] In Australia, "Bad Girl" entered the ARIA Singles Chart at number 40, eventually peaking at 32 and lasting seven weeks on the chart.[18] In countries like Italy, Iceland, and Ecuador, the song reached the top 3 of the charts.[54][55][56]
Music video edit
Background and synopsis edit
The "Bad Girl" music video was filmed on location in New York in January 1993,[58] under the direction of David Fincher, who had previously worked with Madonna on "Express Yourself" (1989), "Oh Father", and "Vogue" (1990).[57] The singer had previously asked Tim Burton to direct the video, but he turned the offer down;[57] Mark Romanek, who would go on to direct the videos for "Rain" and "Bedtime Story" (1995), was also approached.[59] Personnel working on the clip included Bob Jenkins in editing, Juan Ruiz Anchía in cinematography, and Jeffrey Beecroft as production designer.[60] The plot was inspired by Richard Brooks' Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and Wim Wenders' Wings of Desire (1987).[61] In the video, Madonna plays Louise Oriole, a "promiscuous, chainsmoking Manhattan career woman";[62] Louise is the singer's middle name, while Oriole likely references Oriole Way, a Los Angeles street in which she lived with her ex-husband Sean Penn.[15] Actor Christopher Walken played the role of the singer's guardian angel.[62] Walken recalled his participation as being "kind of fun."[63] Actors Mark Margolis, Tomas Arana, James Rebhorn, Rob Campbell, and Matt Dillon also appeared on the music video; Dillon plays a police detective, but was uncredited.[60]
The video begins with the police finding Madonna's dead body. Louise Oriole is a successful, chain smoking alcoholic businesswoman, who engages in one-night stands with multiple men.[64] She behaves this way in order to try and deal with the depression and sadness over a failed relationship; all throughout the video, her guardian angel watches over her.[64] In one scene, Louise wakes up alone in her bed after a one-night stand and discovers a hand-written note laying on the pillow beside her. She gets upset after reading its content and tosses the note to the ground; her angel picks it up, revealing its content: "Thank you, whoever you are", the paper reads.[64] Towards the end of the video, Louise picks up another stranger. All of a sudden, the song stops, a cat hisses, a can of breath freshener is sprayed, and the angel kisses her on the lips.[65] It is then implied that the man murdered Louise with her stockings; after her death, she reappears as a spirit along with her guardian angel, overseeing the police taking her body away to the morgue. The final shot shows Louise and her angel being lifted away on a director's chair.[64][66]
Reception and analysis edit
The video was acclaimed by critics. Georges-Claude Guilbert considered it a "masterpiece of the genre".[64] The Odyssey's Rocco Papa named the visual Madonna's "most cinematic", as it "features a plot in a way videos rarely do today". He ranked the video her fifth best.[67] Louis Virtel from The Backlot placed it at number 21 of his ranking of the singer's videos; "beautifully shot, dramatically acted [...] unexpectedly emotional".[68] Parade's Samuel Murrian highlighted the performances: "[Madonna] can be such a brilliant actor, and her performance as a broken, unhappy woman whose self-destructive behavior gets her killed is one of her best." He also noted that the "sad [and] disturbing" clip "lingers in the memory long after you’ve seen it—like all of [Fincher's] best work"; he considered it Madonna's 16th greatest music video.[69] The Independent's Adam White also praised the singer's performance and the directing, writing that, "[Fincher directs] her to express all kinds of contradictory emotions through mere glances or expressions. It is a remarkable performance full of self-loathing, withdrawal and, finally, child-like bliss".[15] "Bad Girl" was considered one of Madonna's most underrated music videos by both VH1's Christopher Rosa and Idolator's Mike Neid;[70] the latter one called it her most "over-the-top".[71] "Bad Girl" came in the ninth position of a poll conducted by Billboard of the singer's 10 greatest videos.[72] For Sal Cinquemani, it's Madonna's 18th greatest music video.[73] White said it was Fincher's "most important venture", noting a "short, stylish erotic thriller" that nods toward the work the filmmaker would go on to do in the future.[15] He furthered compared it to Madonna and Fincher's collaboration in 1989's "Oh Father", as both videos feel like "personal exorcism for [Madonna]" that only Fincher could capture.[15] White concluded by referring to "Bad Girl" as an "unexpected final chapter in the Madonna/Fincher saga [...] something of a twisted funeral for their love story – emotive and affectionate, yet filled with bloody murder".[15] Vulture named "Bad Girl" the 9th best music video directed by Fincher.[74]
"David Fincher’s work with Madonna has been all over his filmmaking, their music video collaborations regularly gesturing towards the movies that would make him internationally famous. [...] But it is 'Bad Girl', full of the psychological depth, visual symbolism and pulpy thrills that would dominate much of Fincher’s filmography, that is his unheralded masterpiece."
—The Independent's Adam White on the music video.[15]
David Denby deemed the music video a "premature summation of Fincher's work in miniature", pointing out references to other works by the director: the police discovering Madonna's corpse referenced Seven (1995); the "backward-running timepiece" image of Walken's angel of death character looking at his watch became the "key visual and metaphysical idea" in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008). Finally, Madonna being murdered by a seeming serial killer was a reference to both Seven and Zodiac (2007).[75] In a similar note, Vice's Raza Syed wrote that the music video "has many of the hallmarks of David Fincher's style of cinematography that would dominate much of his subsequent filmography: air-tight camerawork, brushed-metal visual palette, corporate intrigue, a palpable sense of emotional isolation... and murder".[57] White compared the Louise Oriole character to Amy Elliott Dunne from Gone Girl (2014), as both women share a "troubled antihero quality".[15] According to Mark Browning, the shot of Walken and the singer in an elevated director's chair signifies a "God-like" presence in the actor's character; the author also felt this particular shot was an intentional, tongue-in-cheek reference by Fincher to "the responsibility and pressure that comes with directing".[66] In Experiencing Music Video: Aesthetics and Cultural Context (2004), Carol Vernallis pointed out that, through "iconic imagery", the viewer can predict the fate of Madonna's character: her black dress in a dry cleaner's plastic bag alludes the body bag she will be wrapped in; the cat hissing at her suggest she's already a "ghost or figure who bears a curse"; finally, a door Madonna walks through looks like the "entrance to Hades".[76] The music video can be found on Madonna's 1999 compilation The Video Collection 93:99.[77]
Live performances and cover versions edit
The first live performance of "Bad Girl" took place on January 16, 1993, on the late-night live television show Saturday Night Live.[78][79] After finishing the song, Madonna tore up a photograph of Joey Buttafuoco – the alleged lover of Amy Fisher, the Long Island teenager who shot Buttafuoco's wife Mary Jo – and yelled, "Fight the real enemy!"[80] This echoed Sinéad O'Connor, who ripped apart a photograph of Pope John Paul II and yelled the same thing when she was the show's musical guest in October 1992.[80] HuffPost considered this one of Madonna's "most legendary" performances, and Myers said it had one of her "very best live vocals".[37][81]
Thirty years later, "Bad Girl" was included on the Celebration Tour. Dressed in a red silk slip dress with black lace, and knee-high boots, Madonna sang as her daughter Mercy James played piano.[82] The number was named one of the best moments of the concert by Billboard's Joe Lynch, who added that, "watching her daughter Mercy James sit down at a grand piano and effortlessly tickle the ivories during 'Bad Girl' [...] was pretty damn impressive.[83]
A cover by Boy George, Amanda Ghost, and James Hardway, was included on the tribute albums Virgin Voices: A Tribute to Madonna, Vol. 1 (1999), A Tribute to Madonna: Virgin Voices (2003), Tribute to Madonna: Like a Virgin (2005), and The World's Greatest 80's Tribute to Madonna (2006).[84][85][86][87] A rendition by Semi Moore was included on 2000's Truly Blue: Tribute to Madonna.[88] Covers by Cruzer and Strike a Pose were included Immaculate Deception: A Tribute to the Music of Madonna (2004) and A Tribute To Madonna Vol 1 (2006), respectively.[89][90]
Track listings and formats edit
|
|
Credits and personnel edit
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.[11]
- Madonna – lead vocals, songwriter, producer
- Shep Pettibone – songwriter, producer, sequencing, keyboard, programming
- Joe Moskowitz – keyboards
- P. Dennis Mitchell – recording engineer
- Robin Hancock – recording engineer
- Goh Hotoda – mixing engineer
- Ted Jensen – mastering
Charts edit
Weekly charts edit
| Year-end charts edit
|
References edit
- ^ a b Holden, Stephen (April 10, 1992). . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 19, 2009. Retrieved February 1, 2022.(subscription required)
- ^ Orth, Maureen (October 1992). . Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
- ^ a b Cinquemani, Sal (February 24, 2007). "Review: Madonna, Erotica". Slant Magazine. from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Pettibone, Shep. . ShepPettibone.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ Burgess 2013, p. 42
- ^ Bego 2000, p. 96
- ^ a b c d Lynch, Joe (October 20, 2017). "Madonna's Erotica turns 25: An oral history of the most controversial '90s pop album". Billboard. from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
- ^ Bego 2000, p. 101
- ^ a b Levine, Nick (October 20, 2017). . i-D. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- ^ a b c Considine, J.D. (October 18, 1992). . The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Erotica (Liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 9362-45031-2.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c Flick, Larry (February 13, 1993). "Singles review" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 7. p. 74. ISSN 0006-2510. (PDF) from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ a b . Rolling Stone. July 27, 2016. Archived from the original on September 1, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Metz & Benson 1999, p. 19
- ^ a b c d e f g h White, Adam (November 6, 2020). . The Independent. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ a b c Wass, Mike (April 4, 2020). "Should have been bigger: Madonna's gloomy 'Bad Girl'". Idolator. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ . Billboard. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Madonna – Bad Girl". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ . Icon: Official Madonna website. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Promis, Jose F. (1993). "Madonna > "Bad Girl" > Overview". AllMusic. from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ^ Berger, Arion (November 26, 1992). . Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
- ^ Willman, Chris (October 18, 1992). . Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 21, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ Violanti, Anthony (October 20, 1992). . The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- ^ Browne, David (October 23, 1992). . Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
- ^ Gremore, Graham (October 11, 2014). . Queerty. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
- ^ Henderson, Eric (April 14, 2020). "All 82 Madonna singles ranked". Slant Magazine. from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ Chadwick, Justin (October 19, 2017). . Albumism. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
- ^ Jacobs, Matthew (March 10, 2015). . HuffPost. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
- ^ Virtel, Louis (March 2, 2012). . The Backlot. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ Morgan, Joe (August 15, 2014). . Gay Star News. Archived from the original on August 18, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
- ^ Jude, Rogers (August 16, 2018). . The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
- ^ Arnold, Chuck (August 15, 2018). . Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
- ^ Wass, Mike (August 16, 2017). "From 'Bad Girl' to 'Ghosttown', Madonna's 10 most underrated singles". Idolator. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ Yang, Lisa (August 16, 2018). "Top 10 underrated Madonna songs". WatchMojo. from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
- ^ "Madonna quietly re-releases one of her most underappreciated singles, and she's been a very 'Bad Girl'". Queerty. October 21, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ Barton, Matthew (October 17, 2022). "There's a certain satisfaction in a little bit of pain: Thirty tears of Madonna's Erotica". The Quietus. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ . Billboard. February 20, 1993. Archived from the original on November 29, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ^ a b "Madonna Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b Bronson, Fred (April 3, 1993). "Charles in charge with new R&B single" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 14. p. 114. ISSN 0006-2510. (PDF) from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ^ "Top 40 Radio Monitor" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 9. February 27, 1993. p. 79. ISSN 0006-2510. (PDF) from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ^ "Top Singles Sales" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 14. April 3, 1993. p. 98. ISSN 0006-2510. (PDF) from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ^ "Top 40/Mainstream" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 13. March 27, 1993. p. 88. ISSN 0006-2510. (PDF) from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ^ a b "Madonna Chart History (Dance Singles Sales)". Billboard. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "The year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 52. December 25, 1993. p. YE-53. ISSN 0006-2510. (PDF) from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "Top RPM Singles: Issue 7092." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "Madonna: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ Jones, Alan (August 19, 2008). . Music Week. Archived from the original on September 11, 2008. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Bad Girl". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "Madonna – Bad Girl". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 13. March 27, 1993. p. 28. (PDF) from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (26 March 1993 – 1 April 1993)". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). March 25, 1993. p. 29. from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b . El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). April 16, 1993. p. 55. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Syed, Raza (January 10, 2016). . Vice. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ . On The Set of New York. April 15, 2019. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- ^ . Rolling Stone. February 25, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ a b The Video Collection 93:99 (VHS, DVD). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1999. 9362-49729-6.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Guilbert 2002, p. 132
- ^ a b Schnakenberg 2014, p. 75
- ^ Gritten, David (April 11, 1993). "MOVIES: Walken's New Turn: The actor who has made a career playing brooding psychos is in London making a romantic comedy; he calls it a nice change of pace". Los Angeles Times. from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.(subscription required)
- ^ a b c d e f Guilbert 2002, pp. 101–102
- ^ . Entertainment Weekly. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Browning 2010, p. 13
- ^ Papa, Rocco (July 30, 2019). . The Odyssey. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Virtel, Louis (August 16, 2013). . The Backlot. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Murrian, Samuel (August 16, 2018). . Parade. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Rosa, Christopher (August 16, 2016). "Madonna's 10 most underrated music videos". VH1. from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Nied, Mike (August 16, 2018). "From 'Vogue' to 'Hung Up', Madonna's 25 best videos". Idolator. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Letkemann, Jessica (August 16, 2012). "Madonna's 10 best videos: Poll results!". Billboard. from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Cinquemani, Sal (October 6, 2022). "Madonna's 25 greatest music videos". Slant Magazine. from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
- ^ Puchko, Kristy (October 6, 2014). . Vulture. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
- ^ Denby 2012, p. 260
- ^ Vernallis 2004, p. 108
- ^ The Video Collection 93:99 (VHS, DVD, CD). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1999. 9362-49729-6.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Tropiano 2013, p. 435
- ^ . Icon: Official Madonna website. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ a b . Deseret News. January 18, 1993. Archived from the original on November 20, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ . HuffPost. February 2, 2016. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ Davis, Jessica (October 17, 2023). "Inside Madonna's 'The Celebration' tour wardrobe". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Lynch, Joe (October 14, 2023). . Billboard. Archived from the original on October 15, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Huey, Steve (March 23, 1999). "Various Artists > Virgin Voices: A Tribute to Madonna, Vol. 1 > Overview". AllMusic. from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ Kergan, Wade (January 14, 2003). "Various Artists > A Tribute to Madonna: Virgin Voices > Overview". AllMusic. from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ "Various Artists > Tribute to Madonna: Like a Virgin > Overview". AllMusic. February 14, 2005. from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ "The World's Greatest 80's Tribute to Madonna by Various Artists on Apple Music". Apple Music. from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ Huey, Steve (January 25, 2000). "Various Artists > Truly Blue: Tribute to Madonna > Overview". AllMusic. from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ Blake, Embo. . Hybrid Magazine. Archived from the original on September 1, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ . Amazon. October 19, 2009. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ Bad Girl (US 7" vinyl single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 5439-18650-7.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Bad Girl (Japan 3" single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. WPDP-6321.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Bad Girl (US 12" maxi-single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 9362-40793-0.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Bad Girl (US maxi-single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 9362-40793-2.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ . Apple Music. October 20, 2022. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ a b Lwin, Nanda (2000). Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide. Music Data Canada. p. 173. ISBN 1-896594-13-1.
- ^ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 12. March 20, 1993. p. 26. (PDF) from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ "EHR Top 40" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 14. April 3, 1993. p. 22. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Sisältää hitin: 1 January 1960 – 30.6.2021" (PDF) (in Finnish). Musiikkiarkisto. pp. 156–157. (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
- ^ (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ "Madonna – Bad Girl". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ "Top 60 Dance Singles" (PDF). Music Week. March 6, 1993. p. 26. (PDF) from the original on April 14, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 12. March 20, 1993. p. 23. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^ "Madonna Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- ^ "Árslistinn 1993". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). January 4, 1994. p. 17. from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
Bibliography edit
- Bego, Mark (2000). Madonna: Blonde Ambition. Cooper Square Press. ISBN 978-0-8154-1051-5.
- Browning, Mark (2010). David Fincher: Films that Scar. ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-0-313-37772-3.
- Burgess, Richard James (2013). The Art of Music Production: The Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992172-0.
- Denby, David (2012). Do the Movies Have a Future?. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-9947-0.
- Guilbert, Georges-Claude (2002). Madonna as Postmodern Myth. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1408-1.
- Metz, Allen; Benson, Carol (1999). The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary. Music Sales Group. ISBN 978-0-8256-7194-4.
- Schnakenberg, Robert (2014). Christopher Walken A to Z: The Man, the Movies, the Legend. Quirk Books. ISBN 978-1-59474-259-0.
- Tropiano, Stephen (2013). Saturday Night Live FAQ: Everything Left to Know About Television's Longest Running Comedy. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-55783-951-0.
- Vernallis, Carol (2004). Experiencing Music Video: Aesthetics and Cultural Context. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11799-9.