Sayyed Abol-Ghasem Mostafavi-Kashani (Persian: سید ابوالقاسم کاشانیAbu’l-Qāsem Kāšāni; 19 November 1882 – 13 March 1962) was an Iranian politician and ShiaMarja. He played an important role in the 1953 coup in Iran and the overthrow of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.[1]
His father, AyatollahHajjSeyyed Mostafavi Kashani (Persian: آیتالله حاج سید مصطفوی کاشانی), was a noted scholar of Islam in his time. Abol-Ghasem was trained in Shia Islam by his religious parents and began study of the Quran soon after learning to read and write.
At 16, Abol-Ghasem went to an Islamic seminary to study literature, Arabic language, logic, semantics and speech, as well as the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, or Fiqh. He continued his education at the seminary in Najaf in the Qur'an and Hadiths as interpreted in Sharia law, receiving his jurisprudence degree when he was 25.
Later lifeedit
Personal lifeedit
Kashani had 3 wives and 19 children, including 7 sons and 12 daughters.[2]
His son Mostafa died in an accident in 1955; the newly appointed prime minister, Hossein Ala', escaped an assassination attempt at the funeral.[3] According to British intelligence, around this time two of his sons were involved in a lucrative business buying and selling import-export licenses for restricted goods.[4]
Abol-Ghasem expressed Anti-capitalist leanings from early on in his career and opposed what he saw as "oppression, despotism and colonization." Because of these beliefs, he was especially popular with the poor in Tehran.[5] He also advocated the return of Islamic government to Iran, though this was most likely for political reasons.[6]
Due to his pro-Nazi positions, Ayatollah Kashani was arrested and exiled by the British to Palestine in 1941.[7] He continued to oppose foreign, especially British, control of Iran's oil industry while in exile. After he returned from exile on 10 June 1950, he continued to protest. Angered by the fact that the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company paid Iran much less than it did the British, he organized a movement against it and was the "virtually alone among the leading mujtahids in joining" nationalist Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq, in his campaign to nationalize the Iranian oil industry in 1951.[8][9]
Kashani served as speaker of the Majles (or lower house of Parliament), during the oil nationalization, but later turned against Mosaddeq during the 1953 Iranian coup d'état. Kashani protected the violent Islamist group Fada'iyan-e Islam, led by Navvab Safavi, after their expulsion from the Qom seminary by Ayatollah Hosein Borujerdi in 1950. The group then engaged in public assassinations in Tehran in the early 1950s.[10] On 17 February 1956, a month after the execution of the Navvab Safavi due to his killing of senior figures Kashani confessed to an army prosecutor his role in these murders stating ""I issued the Fatwa to kill Razmara, for I was a qualified Mojtahed."[11] Then Kashani was detained and following his release from the prison he retired from politics.[11] He died on 13 March 1962.[11]
Referencesedit
^Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (20 June 2017). "64 Years Later, CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup". Foreign Policy. from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
^Gasiorowski, Mark J.; Byrne, Malcolm, eds. (2004). Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran. Syracuse University Press. p. 292. ISBN0815630182.
^Abbas Milani (2008), Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979, Volumes One and Two, Volume 1, Syracuse University Press, p. 348
^Ervand Abrahamian (1993), Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic, I.B.Tauris, p108
^Dabby, Elias. "The Ayatollah and Me." The Scribe – Journal of Babylonian Jewry. Issue 70, October 1998.
^James Buchan. Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences pp. 65–6. Simon & Schuster. 2012.
^ abcFariborz Mokhtari (Summer 2008). "Iran's 1953 Coup Revisited: Internal Dynamics versus External Intrigue". The Middle East Journal. 62 (3): 486. doi:10.3751/62.3.15.
Further readingedit
Heern, Zackery Mirza (2019). "Kāshānī, Abū l-Qāsim". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
Media related to Abol-Ghasem Kashani at Wikimedia Commons
January 01, 1970
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Abol Ghasem Kashani news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message Sayyed Abol Ghasem Mostafavi Kashani Persian سید ابوالقاسم کاشانی Abu l Qasem Kasani 19 November 1882 13 March 1962 was an Iranian politician and Shia Marja He played an important role in the 1953 coup in Iran and the overthrow of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh 1 The AyatollahSayyedAbol Ghasem Mostafavi Kashani14th Chairman of the Parliament of IranIn office 8 August 1952 1 July 1953MonarchMohammad Reza PahlaviPreceded byHassan EmamiSucceeded byAbdullah MoazzamiPersonal detailsBorn 1882 11 19 19 November 1882Tehran Sublime State of PersiaDied14 March 1962 1962 03 14 aged 79 Tehran Imperial State of IranNationalityIranianPolitical partySociety of Muslim WarriorsOther politicalaffiliationsNational Front 1949 52 Children26 Contents 1 Early life 2 Later life 2 1 Personal life 2 2 Political life and death 3 References 4 Further readingEarly life editHis father Ayatollah Hajj Seyyed Mostafavi Kashani Persian آیت الله حاج سید مصطفوی کاشانی was a noted scholar of Islam in his time Abol Ghasem was trained in Shia Islam by his religious parents and began study of the Quran soon after learning to read and write At 16 Abol Ghasem went to an Islamic seminary to study literature Arabic language logic semantics and speech as well as the principles of Islamic jurisprudence or Fiqh He continued his education at the seminary in Najaf in the Qur an and Hadiths as interpreted in Sharia law receiving his jurisprudence degree when he was 25 Later life editPersonal life edit Kashani had 3 wives and 19 children including 7 sons and 12 daughters 2 His son Mostafa died in an accident in 1955 the newly appointed prime minister Hossein Ala escaped an assassination attempt at the funeral 3 According to British intelligence around this time two of his sons were involved in a lucrative business buying and selling import export licenses for restricted goods 4 One of Kashani s children Mahmoud Kashani went on to become head of the Iranian delegation to the International Court of Justice in The Hague Netherlands in Iran s case with the United States and a presidential candidate in the Iranian presidential elections of 1985 and elections in 2005 His second son is Ahmad Kashani a former member of the Iranian parliament Political life and death edit Abol Ghasem expressed Anti capitalist leanings from early on in his career and opposed what he saw as oppression despotism and colonization Because of these beliefs he was especially popular with the poor in Tehran 5 He also advocated the return of Islamic government to Iran though this was most likely for political reasons 6 Due to his pro Nazi positions Ayatollah Kashani was arrested and exiled by the British to Palestine in 1941 7 He continued to oppose foreign especially British control of Iran s oil industry while in exile After he returned from exile on 10 June 1950 he continued to protest Angered by the fact that the Anglo Iranian Oil Company paid Iran much less than it did the British he organized a movement against it and was the virtually alone among the leading mujtahids in joining nationalist Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq in his campaign to nationalize the Iranian oil industry in 1951 8 9 Kashani served as speaker of the Majles or lower house of Parliament during the oil nationalization but later turned against Mosaddeq during the 1953 Iranian coup d etat Kashani protected the violent Islamist group Fada iyan e Islam led by Navvab Safavi after their expulsion from the Qom seminary by Ayatollah Hosein Borujerdi in 1950 The group then engaged in public assassinations in Tehran in the early 1950s 10 On 17 February 1956 a month after the execution of the Navvab Safavi due to his killing of senior figures Kashani confessed to an army prosecutor his role in these murders stating I issued the Fatwa to kill Razmara for I was a qualified Mojtahed 11 Then Kashani was detained and following his release from the prison he retired from politics 11 He died on 13 March 1962 11 References edit Allen Ebrahimian Bethany 20 June 2017 64 Years Later CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup Foreign Policy Archived from the original on 20 June 2017 Retrieved 10 September 2023 Gasiorowski Mark J Byrne Malcolm eds 2004 Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran Syracuse University Press p 292 ISBN 0815630182 Abbas Milani 2008 Eminent Persians The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran 1941 1979 Volumes One and Two Volume 1 Syracuse University Press p 348 Ervand Abrahamian 1993 Khomeinism Essays on the Islamic Republic I B Tauris p108 Dabby Elias The Ayatollah and Me The Scribe Journal of Babylonian Jewry Issue 70 October 1998 Samii A W Falsafi Kashani and the Baha is Sohrab Sobhani The pragmatic entente Israeli Iranian relations 1948 1988 PhD thesis Georgetown University p 33 ISBN 979 8 206 60906 6 ProQuest 303710655 MacKay Sandra The Iranians Plume 1998 p 198 Abrahamian Ervand Khomeinism essays on the Islamic Republic University of California Press c1993 p 107 James Buchan Days of God The Revolution in Iran and its Consequences pp 65 6 Simon amp Schuster 2012 a b c Fariborz Mokhtari Summer 2008 Iran s 1953 Coup Revisited Internal Dynamics versus External Intrigue The Middle East Journal 62 3 486 doi 10 3751 62 3 15 Further reading editHeern Zackery Mirza 2019 Kashani Abu l Qasim In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Rowson Everett eds Encyclopaedia of Islam 3rd ed Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 nbsp Media related to Abol Ghasem Kashani at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abol Ghasem Kashani amp oldid 1223185385, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
