fbpx
Wikipedia

Australian studies

January 01, 1970

Australian studies forms part of the academic field of cultural studies. It involves an examination of what constructs Australia's national identity. This area of scholarship traditionally involves the study of Australian history, society and culture but can be extended to the study of Australian politics and economics. This area of scholarship also includes the study of Australia's Indigenous population, Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders.

Australian Coat of Arms

Scholarship in Australian studies is offered at many Tertiary Institutions and topics within the field form part of the primary and secondary Australian Curriculum.[1]

Australian history edit

Further information: History of Australia

The study of Australian history involves the exploration of past events and significant people that define Australia's present. Scholarship in early Australian history encompasses the history of the Indigenous and colonial societies as well as the history of European colonisation and settlement.[2] The studies of Aboriginal Australian history dates back 65,000 years ago when humans first populated Australia.[3] The exact arrival of Aboriginal Australians has however been a topic of dispute among historians and archaeologists, with the accepted period being between 40,000 and 80,000 years.[4] European colonisation and settlement in Australia in 1788[5] marks a prominent point in Australia's history. Within the study of Australia, there is criticism of the academic portrayal of Australian history. Historians and academics have argued that since European colonisation, Australians of European descent have recounted Australian history to "favour the coloniser perspective",[5] oppressing the Indigenous Australian perspective.

Australian society and culture edit

Further information: Culture of Australia

The study of Australian society and culture examines the historical and shifting social makeup of Australia and the resulting dominant cultures. An academic study in this field explores Australian society and culture both before and after European settlement and the migration of global miners to the country.

A study of Australia's society and culture before European colonisation, consists of Indigenous Australian colonies and their individual cultural beliefs. Post-Colonisation led to a form of "Settler Society in the Australian Colonies".[6] The cultural study of this society involves an analysis of the interactions between the Indigenous people, European settlers and "non-White immigrants".[6]

A study into Australia's cultural shift from Indigenous to predominantly Western culture can be seen as a result of interactions between Indigenous Australians and European settlers. These interactions ranged from civil to violent, with the diseases brought to Australia by the Europeans taking a significant toll on the Indigenous population and culture. Historian Geoffrye Blainey believed, "the main conqueror of Aborigines was to be disease and its ally, demoralisation".[7] European settlers had developed some resistance to Smallpox through early exposure, so when the disease broke out in Australia in 1789,[8] these settlers were largely unaffected. However, without previous exposure to the virus, the Indigenous Australia population had no resistance and an estimated 70% were killed.[8] Of the remaining indigenous population, many lost their land and culture when they were forced to resettle on reserves, and thousands of children were removed from their families and placed in institutions, becoming the Stolen Generations, unable to practice their ancestor's culture. This resulted in the social makeup of the country dramatically changing, and European culture becoming mainstream.[9]

A study into Australia's culture post-1980s, largely reflects its British penal history as well as the 'waves of migration from elsewhere in Europe and almost every other continent'.[9] During the colonial era, English literature, Western art and Judeo-Christian religion dominated settler's cultural outlook.[10] The Australian gold rushes then encouraged the migration of people from around the world to the Australian continent. This multi-ethnic immigration lead to a series of policies that favoured migrants from British descent such as the White Australia Policy.[9] These were later dismantled by government promotion of multiculturalism, leading to increased migration of European, Asian and Middle Eastern people to Australia.[9] While a study of contemporary Australian culture will still show the British cultural influence as remaining prominent, Australia's promotion of multiculturalism has led to other nation's influences becoming increasingly prominent.[11]

Australian politics and economics edit

Further information: Politics of Australia
Further information: Economy of Australia
Further information: Government of Australia

Australian studies may also involve an analysis of Australian politics and economics. The study of Australian politics involves all aspects of Australia's past and present political system. This area of study can be divided into pre and post-federation. Pre-federation, Australia consisted of six British colonies "under the law-making of the British Parliament".[12]

After Federation in 1901, Australia established a "federal system of government"[13] under the Australian constitution. Studies post-federation focus on Australia's political system as a representative democracy. This includes; the democratic system of government, the role of parliament in Australia, government departments, international programs and all government mandated policies and publications.[14]

The study of Australian economics encompasses the Australian economy and the past and present economic environments. Within this field of study, common topics include; Australia's macro and micro economic structure, policies, trends, governance and the structure of the Australian economy in terms of industry contribution. Also relevant is the history and role of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). This field of study outlines the role of Australia's central bank and banknote issuing authority since the Reserve Bank Act 1959 was passed in 1960.[15]

Indigenous Australian studies edit

 
Aboriginal Australian Flag
Further information: Indigenous Australians
Further information: Aboriginal Australians
Further information: Torres Strait Islanders

The scholarship of Indigenous Australian studies involves Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, history and beliefs systems. Australia's Indigenous people are made up of two distinct cultural groups; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.[16] Within this field of study, the social and political influence of colonisation and decolonisation on Indigenous Australian groups is analysed. Some Academics believe that within this field of study, there is "scant attention paid"[17] to how the colonisation process impacted social, economic and cultural experiences of Indigenous Australians today, such as the systemic disparities in health and between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.[17]

Indigenous Australian studies also examines contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture and society. This population is gradually growing from 2.5% of the population of Australia in 2011 to 3.3% in 2016.[18] Since the 'Close the Gap' campaign was launched in 2007, in response to the Social Justice Report 2005,[19] awareness and recognition of Indigenous civilisation and culture has grown significantly.[20]

Australian studies at educational institutions edit

Australian studies forms part of the Australian national curriculum and is offered by many Australian and international tertiary institutions.

Australian Curriculum edit

Further information: Australian Curriculum

The national curriculum in Australia, Australian Curriculum, is created by the Australian Government Department of Education, Skills and Employment and provides an outline of what students in primary and high school should learn. This outline is regardless of their location within Australia or school system.[21] Within the Australian Curriculum, Australian studies is predominantly taught within the humanities and social sciences. The curriculum also stipulates two cross-cultural priorities that sit within the study of Australia; Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures.[21]

Tertiary Institutions edit

Australian studies is a course offered at many tertiary institutions both within Australia and internationally. The subject can fall under broader disciplines such as Cultural Studies or Political and International Studies.[22]

Institutes edit

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies edit

Main article: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) is a government-funded institution focused on the "diverse history, cultures and heritage"[23] of the Indigenous Australian Population. This institute was established under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013.[23] The institute facilitates the studies and understanding of Indigenous Australians by collecting items of cultural value, conducting research on communities, publishing pieces of work by Indigenous Australians, and facilitating collaborations and partnerships with government, academic, corporate and community sectors.[23]

Australian Studies Institute edit

The Australian Studies Institute was founded by The Australian National University (ANU). The institute was established to promote the study of Australia as part of its 'Australia and the World' global engagement program.[24] The institute is led by Professor Paul Pickering and facilitates various global engagement programs with universities and leading cultural institutions.[24] These programs aim to promote the exchange of knowledge, research and resources between people studying Australia-related studies and the institute.[24]

Other Institutes edit

Journals edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "The Australian colonies". Australian Curriculum. 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Australia | History, Cities, Capital, Map, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. 25 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  3. ^ Clarkson, Chris; Jacobs, Zenobia; Marwick, Ben; Fullagar, Richard; Wallis, Lynley; Smith, Mike; Roberts, Richard G.; Hayes, Elspeth; Lowe, Kelsey; Carah, Xavier; Florin, S. Anna (2017). "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago". Nature. 547 (7663): 306–310. Bibcode:2017Natur.547..306C. doi:10.1038/nature22968. hdl:2440/107043. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28726833. S2CID 205257212.
  4. ^ Tonkinson, Robert; Berndt, Ronald M. (19 April 2018). "Australian Aboriginal peoples | History, Facts, & Culture". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b Farrugia, Jack P.; Dzidic, Peta L.; Roberts, Lynne D. (2018). ""It is usually about the triumph of the coloniser": Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history and the implications for Australian identity". Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology. 28 (6): 483–494. doi:10.1002/casp.2381. hdl:20.500.11937/70998. S2CID 149669489.
  6. ^ a b Ellinghaus, Katherine (2016). "Settler Society in the Australian Colonies: Self-government and imperial culture by Angela Woollacott". Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History. 17 (2). doi:10.1353/cch.2016.0022. ISSN 1532-5768. S2CID 163508379.
  7. ^ Blainey, G (2004). A Very Short History of the World. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin Group. p. 313.
  8. ^ a b "National Museum of Australia - Smallpox epidemic". www.nma.gov.au. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d "White Australia policy | Summary & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  10. ^ Doig, Meredith (26 October 2014). "National Curriculum Review: religion, belief systems and values | Rationalist Society of Australia". Rationalist Society of Australia. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  11. ^ Rajadurai, Esther (2018). "Why Australia is the world's most successful multicultural society". McKell Institute. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  12. ^ "How did Australia become a democracy?". Parliamentary Education Office. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  13. ^ . Parliament of Australia. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  14. ^ "Australian Parliamentary Democracy After a Century: What Gains, What Losses?". Parliament of Australia. 2000. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  15. ^ Hendy, Peter; Evans, Greg (1995). "Reserve Bank Independence: Still on the Agenda". Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy. 14 (1): 50–61. doi:10.1111/j.1759-3441.1995.tb01109.x.
  16. ^ "Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people". Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 3 June 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  17. ^ a b Paradies, Yin (2016). "Colonisation, racism and indigenous health". Journal of Population Research. 33 (1): 83–96. doi:10.1007/s12546-016-9159-y. ISSN 1443-2447. S2CID 155435156.
  18. ^ "Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016". www.abs.gov.au. 31 August 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  19. ^ "Closing the Gap". Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  20. ^ "Celebrating Indigenous Cultures | Closing the Gap". Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  21. ^ a b "Support for Humanities and Social Sciences". Department of Education, Skills and Employment. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  22. ^ "Courses in Australia". Study in Australia. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  23. ^ a b c "About us". Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  24. ^ a b c "Australian Studies Institute". ANU Australian Studies Institute. Retrieved 26 May 2020.

January 01, 1970
australian, studies, forms, part, academic, field, cultural, studies, involves, examination, what, constructs, australia, national, identity, this, area, scholarship, traditionally, involves, study, australian, history, society, culture, extended, study, austr. Australian studies forms part of the academic field of cultural studies It involves an examination of what constructs Australia s national identity This area of scholarship traditionally involves the study of Australian history society and culture but can be extended to the study of Australian politics and economics This area of scholarship also includes the study of Australia s Indigenous population Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders Australian Coat of Arms Scholarship in Australian studies is offered at many Tertiary Institutions and topics within the field form part of the primary and secondary Australian Curriculum 1 Contents 1 Australian history 2 Australian society and culture 3 Australian politics and economics 4 Indigenous Australian studies 5 Australian studies at educational institutions 5 1 Australian Curriculum 5 2 Tertiary Institutions 6 Institutes 6 1 Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 6 2 Australian Studies Institute 6 3 Other Institutes 7 Journals 8 See also 9 ReferencesAustralian history editFurther information History of Australia The study of Australian history involves the exploration of past events and significant people that define Australia s present Scholarship in early Australian history encompasses the history of the Indigenous and colonial societies as well as the history of European colonisation and settlement 2 The studies of Aboriginal Australian history dates back 65 000 years ago when humans first populated Australia 3 The exact arrival of Aboriginal Australians has however been a topic of dispute among historians and archaeologists with the accepted period being between 40 000 and 80 000 years 4 European colonisation and settlement in Australia in 1788 5 marks a prominent point in Australia s history Within the study of Australia there is criticism of the academic portrayal of Australian history Historians and academics have argued that since European colonisation Australians of European descent have recounted Australian history to favour the coloniser perspective 5 oppressing the Indigenous Australian perspective Australian society and culture editFurther information Culture of Australia The study of Australian society and culture examines the historical and shifting social makeup of Australia and the resulting dominant cultures An academic study in this field explores Australian society and culture both before and after European settlement and the migration of global miners to the country A study of Australia s society and culture before European colonisation consists of Indigenous Australian colonies and their individual cultural beliefs Post Colonisation led to a form of Settler Society in the Australian Colonies 6 The cultural study of this society involves an analysis of the interactions between the Indigenous people European settlers and non White immigrants 6 A study into Australia s cultural shift from Indigenous to predominantly Western culture can be seen as a result of interactions between Indigenous Australians and European settlers These interactions ranged from civil to violent with the diseases brought to Australia by the Europeans taking a significant toll on the Indigenous population and culture Historian Geoffrye Blainey believed the main conqueror of Aborigines was to be disease and its ally demoralisation 7 European settlers had developed some resistance to Smallpox through early exposure so when the disease broke out in Australia in 1789 8 these settlers were largely unaffected However without previous exposure to the virus the Indigenous Australia population had no resistance and an estimated 70 were killed 8 Of the remaining indigenous population many lost their land and culture when they were forced to resettle on reserves and thousands of children were removed from their families and placed in institutions becoming the Stolen Generations unable to practice their ancestor s culture This resulted in the social makeup of the country dramatically changing and European culture becoming mainstream 9 A study into Australia s culture post 1980s largely reflects its British penal history as well as the waves of migration from elsewhere in Europe and almost every other continent 9 During the colonial era English literature Western art and Judeo Christian religion dominated settler s cultural outlook 10 The Australian gold rushes then encouraged the migration of people from around the world to the Australian continent This multi ethnic immigration lead to a series of policies that favoured migrants from British descent such as the White Australia Policy 9 These were later dismantled by government promotion of multiculturalism leading to increased migration of European Asian and Middle Eastern people to Australia 9 While a study of contemporary Australian culture will still show the British cultural influence as remaining prominent Australia s promotion of multiculturalism has led to other nation s influences becoming increasingly prominent 11 Australian politics and economics editFurther information Politics of Australia Further information Economy of Australia Further information Government of Australia Australian studies may also involve an analysis of Australian politics and economics The study of Australian politics involves all aspects of Australia s past and present political system This area of study can be divided into pre and post federation Pre federation Australia consisted of six British colonies under the law making of the British Parliament 12 After Federation in 1901 Australia established a federal system of government 13 under the Australian constitution Studies post federation focus on Australia s political system as a representative democracy This includes the democratic system of government the role of parliament in Australia government departments international programs and all government mandated policies and publications 14 The study of Australian economics encompasses the Australian economy and the past and present economic environments Within this field of study common topics include Australia s macro and micro economic structure policies trends governance and the structure of the Australian economy in terms of industry contribution Also relevant is the history and role of the Reserve Bank of Australia RBA This field of study outlines the role of Australia s central bank and banknote issuing authority since the Reserve Bank Act 1959 was passed in 1960 15 Indigenous Australian studies edit nbsp Aboriginal Australian Flag Further information Indigenous Australians Further information Aboriginal Australians Further information Torres Strait Islanders The scholarship of Indigenous Australian studies involves Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures history and beliefs systems Australia s Indigenous people are made up of two distinct cultural groups Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 16 Within this field of study the social and political influence of colonisation and decolonisation on Indigenous Australian groups is analysed Some Academics believe that within this field of study there is scant attention paid 17 to how the colonisation process impacted social economic and cultural experiences of Indigenous Australians today such as the systemic disparities in health and between indigenous and non indigenous Australians 17 Indigenous Australian studies also examines contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture and society This population is gradually growing from 2 5 of the population of Australia in 2011 to 3 3 in 2016 18 Since the Close the Gap campaign was launched in 2007 in response to the Social Justice Report 2005 19 awareness and recognition of Indigenous civilisation and culture has grown significantly 20 Australian studies at educational institutions editAustralian studies forms part of the Australian national curriculum and is offered by many Australian and international tertiary institutions Australian Curriculum edit Further information Australian Curriculum The national curriculum in Australia Australian Curriculum is created by the Australian Government Department of Education Skills and Employment and provides an outline of what students in primary and high school should learn This outline is regardless of their location within Australia or school system 21 Within the Australian Curriculum Australian studies is predominantly taught within the humanities and social sciences The curriculum also stipulates two cross cultural priorities that sit within the study of Australia Asia and Australia s engagement with Asia and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures 21 Tertiary Institutions edit Australian studies is a course offered at many tertiary institutions both within Australia and internationally The subject can fall under broader disciplines such as Cultural Studies or Political and International Studies 22 Institutes editAustralian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies edit Main article Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies AIATSIS is a government funded institution focused on the diverse history cultures and heritage 23 of the Indigenous Australian Population This institute was established under the Public Governance Performance and Accountability Act 2013 23 The institute facilitates the studies and understanding of Indigenous Australians by collecting items of cultural value conducting research on communities publishing pieces of work by Indigenous Australians and facilitating collaborations and partnerships with government academic corporate and community sectors 23 Australian Studies Institute edit The Australian Studies Institute was founded by The Australian National University ANU The institute was established to promote the study of Australia as part of its Australia and the World global engagement program 24 The institute is led by Professor Paul Pickering and facilitates various global engagement programs with universities and leading cultural institutions 24 These programs aim to promote the exchange of knowledge research and resources between people studying Australia related studies and the institute 24 Other Institutes edit Australian Studies Centre in Beijing American Association for Australian Literary Studies Centre for Australian Studies Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Centre for Australian Studies University of CologneJournals editJournal of Australian Studies JAS Australian Literary Studies Australian Studies Australian Studies Journal Zeitschrift fur Australienstudien ASJ ZfA See also edit nbsp Australia portal Education in Australia List of universities in AustraliaReferences edit The Australian colonies Australian Curriculum 2020 Retrieved 26 May 2020 Australia History Cities Capital Map amp Facts Encyclopedia Britannica 25 May 2020 Retrieved 26 May 2020 Clarkson Chris Jacobs Zenobia Marwick Ben Fullagar Richard Wallis Lynley Smith Mike Roberts Richard G Hayes Elspeth Lowe Kelsey Carah Xavier Florin S Anna 2017 Human occupation of northern Australia by 65 000 years ago Nature 547 7663 306 310 Bibcode 2017Natur 547 306C doi 10 1038 nature22968 hdl 2440 107043 ISSN 0028 0836 PMID 28726833 S2CID 205257212 Tonkinson Robert Berndt Ronald M 19 April 2018 Australian Aboriginal peoples History Facts amp Culture Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 26 May 2020 a b Farrugia Jack P Dzidic Peta L Roberts Lynne D 2018 It is usually about the triumph of the coloniser Exploring young people s conceptualisations of Australian history and the implications for Australian identity Journal of Community amp Applied Social Psychology 28 6 483 494 doi 10 1002 casp 2381 hdl 20 500 11937 70998 S2CID 149669489 a b Ellinghaus Katherine 2016 Settler Society in the Australian Colonies Self government and imperial culture by Angela Woollacott Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 17 2 doi 10 1353 cch 2016 0022 ISSN 1532 5768 S2CID 163508379 Blainey G 2004 A Very Short History of the World Camberwell Victoria Penguin Group p 313 a b National Museum of Australia Smallpox epidemic www nma gov au Retrieved 26 May 2020 a b c d White Australia policy Summary amp Facts Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 26 May 2020 Doig Meredith 26 October 2014 National Curriculum Review religion belief systems and values Rationalist Society of Australia Rationalist Society of Australia Retrieved 26 May 2020 Rajadurai Esther 2018 Why Australia is the world s most successful multicultural society McKell Institute Retrieved 28 May 2020 How did Australia become a democracy Parliamentary Education Office Retrieved 26 May 2020 Parliament and Government Parliament of Australia Archived from the original on 28 March 2021 Retrieved 26 May 2020 Australian Parliamentary Democracy After a Century What Gains What Losses Parliament of Australia 2000 Retrieved 26 May 2020 Hendy Peter Evans Greg 1995 Reserve Bank Independence Still on the Agenda Economic Papers A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy 14 1 50 61 doi 10 1111 j 1759 3441 1995 tb01109 x Indigenous Australians Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 3 June 2015 Retrieved 26 May 2020 a b Paradies Yin 2016 Colonisation racism and indigenous health Journal of Population Research 33 1 83 96 doi 10 1007 s12546 016 9159 y ISSN 1443 2447 S2CID 155435156 Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians June 2016 www abs gov au 31 August 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2020 Closing the Gap Parliament of Australia Retrieved 26 May 2020 Celebrating Indigenous Cultures Closing the Gap Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2020 a b Support for Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Education Skills and Employment 3 April 2020 Retrieved 26 May 2020 Courses in Australia Study in Australia Retrieved 26 May 2020 a b c About us Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 2 December 2014 Retrieved 26 May 2020 a b c Australian Studies Institute ANU Australian Studies Institute Retrieved 26 May 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Australian studies amp oldid 1202526545, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.