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Charles August or Carl August (9 July 1768 – 28 May 1810) was a Danish prince.[1] He is best known for serving as Crown Prince of Sweden briefly in 1810, adopted by Charles XIII, before his sudden death from a stroke. Earlier, he had been a general in the Royal Danish Army as well as the Governor-general of Norway. His name before assuming the Swedish title in 1810 was Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, or Christian August of Augustenburg for short.[2]
Christian August studied in Leipzig, and returned from there to Denmark-Norway in 1785. He was appointed lieutenant colonel, and was promoted to colonel in 1787 and major general in 1790. From 1797 he was stationed in Austria, joining the fight against Napoleon. He left Austria when the Treaty of Lunéville ended the War of the Second Coalition in 1801. In 1803 Christian August was named commander of Fredriksten Fortress in Norway, assuming the position in 1804.[3]
In 1807 he once again became involved in the Napoleonic Wars, this time on the side of Napoleon as Napoleon's enemy Great Britain assaulted Denmark. The Danish-Norwegian part of the Napoleonic Wars is called the Gunboat War. Sweden joined forces against Denmark-Norway in 1808. Christian August was a central figure in the war, and led forces to victories in the Battle of Prestebakke and the Battle of Toverud, ousting Swedish forces from Norway. In 1808 Christian August was promoted to Field Marshal, and in 1809 he became Governor-general of Norway.[3]
Swedenedit
On 6 June 1809 the Duke-regent of Sweden was proclaimed King, after Gustav IV Adolf was deposed.[citation needed] The new king Charles XIII accepted the new, liberal Constitution, which was ratified by the Riksdag of the Estates the same day.[citation needed] The new king was in no way likely to interfere with the liberal revolution which had placed him on the throne.[citation needed] Peace was what the exhausted nation now required.[4]
Charles XIII was childless, so in order to secure the succession to the throne, someone had to be adopted as his heir. Georg Adlersparre, the main orchestrator of the 1809 coup, preferred King Frederick VI of Denmark as the new Swedish monarch, but when Frederick refused[citation needed], Adlersparre looked to Norway. He tried to persuade Christian August, first through the Swedish Baron C. H. Anckarsvärd, and although Christian August did not show up to meet Anckarsvärd personally, he gradually accepted the offer of adoption. His loyalty to his ruler Frederick VI ultimately became a lesser obstacle. The choice of Christian August was supported by Charles XIII as well as three of the estates of the realm; the Clergy, Burghers and Peasants. However, the Nobility was more reluctant due to the influence of so-called Gustavians (Gustavianerna), supporting the deposed King Gustav IV Adolf and his then-underage son. The decision to adopt Charles August became definitive on 15 July 1809.[3] His great popularity in Norway was considered an advantage to the Swedish plans for the acquisition of that country. In addition, he had demonstrated his interest in a rapprochement between the two countries by refraining from invading Sweden during the Finnish War with Russia.[5]
Death monument at Kvidinge
After the Treaty of Fredrikshamn between Sweden and Russia on 17 September 1809 which concluded the Finnish War, Sweden was ready for the inauguration of Charles August. He finally left Norway for Sweden on 7 January 1810. As Crown Prince of Sweden, he changed his name to Charles August (Swedish: Carl August). Honors were lavished upon him on his arrival, he was for example made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 18 April 1810, and was the first person to enjoy this status in that academy. However, he did not live long enough to make a historical impact in Sweden. He suddenly died on 28 May 1810, when he fell off his horse during a military practice in Kvidinge. His autopsy confirmed that he had died of a stroke, but at the same time rumours went that he had been poisoned by Gustavians. Specifically, the Marshal of the Realm Count Axel von Fersen was openly accused of having killed Charles August, and was lynched on 20 June 1810 during the funeral procession of Charles August. Charles August was buried in Riddarholmen Church, the burial church of Swedish monarchs.[3]
Legacy and aftermathedit
A monument to Charles August was commissioned by Prince Frederik of Hesse and erected in 1810 in the royal park at Bygdøy near Oslo. Before his departure from Oslo, a grand farewell party was held in his honour, and a group of wealthy citizens formed the charitable foundation Prinds Christian Augusts Minde. It acquired a large town house which still bears his name. A street in Oslo, Kristian Augusts gate, was named after him in 1852.[3]
Charles August's successor as adopted Crown Prince, who was accepted by the Riksdag of the Estates in August, was Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte.
^The Union's Last War: The Russian-Swedish War of 1808-09 (The Napoleon Series)
^Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 74.
Other sourcesedit
Blomberg, Wenche (2006) Prinds Christian Augusts Minde - historie og visjoner om de fattiges kvartalNorwegian
Sandström, Allan (1994) Sveriges sista krig - de dramatiska åren 1808-1809 (Bokförlaget Libris, Örebro) Swedish
External linksedit
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Danish June 2012 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Danish Wikipedia article at da Christian August af Slesvig Holsten Sonderborg Augustenborg see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated da Christian August af Slesvig Holsten Sonderborg Augustenborg to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Charles August or Carl August 9 July 1768 28 May 1810 was a Danish prince 1 He is best known for serving as Crown Prince of Sweden briefly in 1810 adopted by Charles XIII before his sudden death from a stroke Earlier he had been a general in the Royal Danish Army as well as the Governor general of Norway His name before assuming the Swedish title in 1810 was Christian August of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg or Christian August of Augustenburg for short 2 Charles AugustCrown Prince of Sweden1809 portrait by Per Krafft the Older Governor general of NorwayTenure25 July 1809 11 January 1810PredecessorJacob Benzon vacant since 1771 SuccessorPrince Frederik of HesseBorn 1768 07 09 9 July 1768Augustenborg Palace Augustenborg DenmarkDied28 May 1810 1810 05 28 aged 41 Kvidinge SwedenBurialRiddarholm ChurchNamesChristian August of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg AugustenborgHouseSchleswig Holstein Sonderburg AugustenburgFatherFriedrich Christian I Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg AugustenburgMotherCharlotte of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg PlonReligionChurch of Denmark Contents 1 Family 2 Career in Denmark and Norway 3 Sweden 4 Legacy and aftermath 5 See also 6 Ancestry 7 References 8 Other sources 9 External linksFamily editHe was born at Augustenborg Palace in July 1768 as the son of Friedrich Christian I Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg 1721 1794 and Princess Charlotte of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Plon 1744 1770 3 He was a younger brother of Frederik Christian II Duke of Augustenborg brother in law of Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark and an uncle of Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg Queen consort of Denmark and Christian August Duke of Augustenborg He did not marry 3 Career in Denmark and Norway editChristian August studied in Leipzig and returned from there to Denmark Norway in 1785 He was appointed lieutenant colonel and was promoted to colonel in 1787 and major general in 1790 From 1797 he was stationed in Austria joining the fight against Napoleon He left Austria when the Treaty of Luneville ended the War of the Second Coalition in 1801 In 1803 Christian August was named commander of Fredriksten Fortress in Norway assuming the position in 1804 3 In 1807 he once again became involved in the Napoleonic Wars this time on the side of Napoleon as Napoleon s enemy Great Britain assaulted Denmark The Danish Norwegian part of the Napoleonic Wars is called the Gunboat War Sweden joined forces against Denmark Norway in 1808 Christian August was a central figure in the war and led forces to victories in the Battle of Prestebakke and the Battle of Toverud ousting Swedish forces from Norway In 1808 Christian August was promoted to Field Marshal and in 1809 he became Governor general of Norway 3 Sweden editOn 6 June 1809 the Duke regent of Sweden was proclaimed King after Gustav IV Adolf was deposed citation needed The new king Charles XIII accepted the new liberal Constitution which was ratified by the Riksdag of the Estates the same day citation needed The new king was in no way likely to interfere with the liberal revolution which had placed him on the throne citation needed Peace was what the exhausted nation now required 4 Charles XIII was childless so in order to secure the succession to the throne someone had to be adopted as his heir Georg Adlersparre the main orchestrator of the 1809 coup preferred King Frederick VI of Denmark as the new Swedish monarch but when Frederick refused citation needed Adlersparre looked to Norway He tried to persuade Christian August first through the Swedish Baron C H Anckarsvard and although Christian August did not show up to meet Anckarsvard personally he gradually accepted the offer of adoption His loyalty to his ruler Frederick VI ultimately became a lesser obstacle The choice of Christian August was supported by Charles XIII as well as three of the estates of the realm the Clergy Burghers and Peasants However the Nobility was more reluctant due to the influence of so called Gustavians Gustavianerna supporting the deposed King Gustav IV Adolf and his then underage son The decision to adopt Charles August became definitive on 15 July 1809 3 His great popularity in Norway was considered an advantage to the Swedish plans for the acquisition of that country In addition he had demonstrated his interest in a rapprochement between the two countries by refraining from invading Sweden during the Finnish War with Russia 5 nbsp Death monument at Kvidinge After the Treaty of Fredrikshamn between Sweden and Russia on 17 September 1809 which concluded the Finnish War Sweden was ready for the inauguration of Charles August He finally left Norway for Sweden on 7 January 1810 As Crown Prince of Sweden he changed his name to Charles August Swedish Carl August Honors were lavished upon him on his arrival he was for example made an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 18 April 1810 and was the first person to enjoy this status in that academy However he did not live long enough to make a historical impact in Sweden He suddenly died on 28 May 1810 when he fell off his horse during a military practice in Kvidinge His autopsy confirmed that he had died of a stroke but at the same time rumours went that he had been poisoned by Gustavians Specifically the Marshal of the Realm Count Axel von Fersen was openly accused of having killed Charles August and was lynched on 20 June 1810 during the funeral procession of Charles August Charles August was buried in Riddarholmen Church the burial church of Swedish monarchs 3 Legacy and aftermath editA monument to Charles August was commissioned by Prince Frederik of Hesse and erected in 1810 in the royal park at Bygdoy near Oslo Before his departure from Oslo a grand farewell party was held in his honour and a group of wealthy citizens formed the charitable foundation Prinds Christian Augusts Minde It acquired a large town house which still bears his name A street in Oslo Kristian Augusts gate was named after him in 1852 3 Charles August s successor as adopted Crown Prince who was accepted by the Riksdag of the Estates in August was Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte See also editHouse of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg Prinds Christian Augusts Minde social institution in Oslo named after Charles AugustAncestry editAncestors of Charles August Crown Prince of Sweden 6 16 Ernest Gunther Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg8 Prince Frederick William of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg17 Princess Augusta of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glucksburg4 Christian August Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg18 Frederik Count of Ahlefeldt Langeland9 Countess Sophie Amalie of Ahlefeldt Langeland19 Countess Marie Elisabeth of Leiningen Dagsburg Hartenburg2 Frederick Christian I Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg20 Christian V of Denmark10 Christian Gyldenlove Count Danneskiold Samsoe21 Sophie Amalie Moth5 Countess Frederikke Louise Danneskiold Samsoe22 Ulrik Frederik Gyldenlove Count Laurvig11 Countess Charlotte Amalie Danneskiold Laurvig23 Countess Antoinette Augusta of Aldenburg1 Charles August Crown Prince of Sweden24 Augustus Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Plon Norburg12 Prince Christian Charles of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Plon Norburg25 Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of Anhalt Harzgerode6 Frederick Charles Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Plon26 Johann Franz von Aichelberg13 Dorothea Christina von Aichelberg27 Anne Sophie von Trautenburg3 Princess Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Plon28 Conrad Count Reventlow14 Christian Ditlev Count Reventlow29 Anna Margrethe Gabel7 Countess Christine Ermegaard Reventlow30 Cay Bertram von Brockdorff15 Benedikta Margarethe von Brockdorff31 Hedwig von RantzauReferences edit Burke s Royal Families of the World I ISBN 0 85011 023 8 p 278 Christian August Prins af Slesvig Holsten Sonderborg Augustenborg Dansk biografisk Lexikon a b c d e f g Mykland Knut Christian August In Helle Knut ed Norsk biografisk leksikon in Norwegian Oslo Kunnskapsforlaget Retrieved 24 June 2009 Karl 2 utdypning Store norske leksikon The Union s Last War The Russian Swedish War of 1808 09 The Napoleon Series Genealogie ascendante jusqu au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l Europe actuellement vivans Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living in French Bourdeaux Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel 1768 p 74 Other sources editBlomberg Wenche 2006 Prinds Christian Augusts Minde historie og visjoner om de fattiges kvartal Norwegian Sandstrom Allan 1994 Sveriges sista krig de dramatiska aren 1808 1809 Bokforlaget Libris Orebro SwedishExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles August Crown Prince of Sweden Prinds Christian Augusts Minde Charles August Crown Prince of SwedenHouse of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg AugustenburgBorn 9 July 1768 Died 28 May 1810 Swedish royalty VacantTitle last held byCrown Prince Gustav Heir to the Swedish throne1810 VacantTitle next held byCarl Johan Bernadotte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Charles August Crown Prince of Sweden amp oldid 1212074931, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
