fbpx
Wikipedia

Asparagus (genus)

January 08, 2023

Asparagus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Asparagoideae.[2] It comprises up to 300 species. Most are evergreen long-lived perennial plants growing from the understory as lianas, bushes or climbing plants. The best-known species is the edible Asparagus officinalis, commonly referred to as just asparagus. Some other members of the genus, such as Asparagus densiflorus, are grown as ornamental plants.

Asparagus
Asparagus setaceus
Asparagus tubers
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Asparagoideae
Genus: Asparagus
L.
Type species

Asparagus officinalis

Synonyms[1]
  • Elid Medik.
  • Myrsiphyllum Willd.
  • Asparagopsis (Kunth) Kunth
  • Hecatris Salisb.
  • Elachanthera F.Muell.
  • Protasparagus Oberm.

Ecology

The genus includes a variety of living forms, occurring from rainforest to semi-desert habitats; many are climbing plants. Most are dispersed by birds.[citation needed]

Ornamental species such as Asparagus plumosus, Asparagus aethiopicus, Asparagus setaceus, and Asparagus virgatus are finely branched and are misleadingly known as "asparagus fern".

In the Macaronesian Islands, several species (such as Asparagus umbellatus and Asparagus scoparius) grow in moist laurel forest habitat, and preserve the original form[citation needed] of a leafy vine. In the drier Mediterranean climate the asparagus genus evolved in the Tertiary into thorny, drought-adapted species.[citation needed] Root tubers are storage organs developed by Asparagus species and are a valuable source of moisture and nutrition for species growing under drought conditions.[3]

Many species, particularly from Africa, were once included in separate genera such as Protasparagus and Myrsiphyllum. However, partly in response to the implications of the discovery of new species, those genera have been reunited under Asparagus.[4] Species in this genus vary in their appearance, from unarmed herbs to wiry, woody climbers with formidable hooked spines that earn them vernacular names such as "cat thorn" and "wag 'n bietjie" (literally "wait a bit").[5] Most species have photosynthetic flattened stems, called phylloclades, instead of true leaves. Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus schoberioides, and Asparagus cochinchinensis are dioecious species, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

Selected species

Main article: List of Asparagus species

As of September 2014, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 212 species of Asparagus, including:[6]

Pests and diseases

Invasive species

A. asparagoides, known as bridal creeper, is a problematic weed in southern Australia.[10][11]

Asparagus asparagoides, A. scandens and A. setaceus are considered potentially destructive in California, growing as the result of escaped seeds; all can still be purchased at major and local garden centers. All three have the ability to completely overtake other, unrelated plants in their immediate surroundings, often climbing up the larger ones and strangling them, eventually cutting off the plant's flow of energy and nutrients. Birds are attracted to the red berries after blooming, thus transporting their seeds.

Asparagus asparagoides, A. aethiopicus (under the name A. densiflorus) and A. scandens are listed on the New Zealand National Pest Plant Accord since they are invasive plants.

A. setaceus is officially recognized as an invasive species in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.[12]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
  3. ^ "Asparagus densiflorus plant suitable for green roof".
  4. ^ Malcomber, S. T.; Demissew, Sebsebe (1993). "The Status of Protasparagus and Myrsiphyllum in the Asparagaceae". Kew Bulletin. 48 (1): 63–78. doi:10.2307/4115749. JSTOR 4115749.
  5. ^ Marloth, Rudolf. “The Flora of South Africa” 1932 Pub. Cape Town: Darter Bros. London: Wheldon & Wesley.
  6. ^ "Asparagus", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2014-09-01
  7. ^ Lee DY, Choo BK, Yoon T, Cheon MS, Lee HW, Lee AY, Kim HK (12 January 2009). "Anti-inflammatory effects of Asparagus cochinchinensis extract in acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 121 (1): 28–24. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.006. PMID 18691647.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  8. ^ Biosecurity SA : Declared plants in South Australia 2014 Accessed 1 September 2014.
  9. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
  10. ^ . weed of the month. CRC weed management. Archived from the original on 2005-12-15. Retrieved 2006-04-30.
  11. ^ "Bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides". CSIRO Division of Entomology. from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 2006-04-30.
  12. ^ https://www.sema.rs.gov.br/upload/arquivos/201612/23180118-portaria-sema-79-de-2013-especies-exoticas-invasoras-rs.pdf[bare URL PDF]

Bibliography

  • Fellingham, A.C. & Meyer, N.L. (1995) "New combinations and a complete list of Asparagus species in southern Africa (Asparagaceae)". Bothalia 25: 205-209.

External links

 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Asparagus".
  •   Media related to Asparagus at Wikimedia Commons
  • Sorting Asparagus names - multilingual listing of the Asparagus species

January 08, 2023
asparagus, genus, asparagus, genus, flowering, plants, family, asparagaceae, subfamily, asparagoideae, comprises, species, most, evergreen, long, lived, perennial, plants, growing, from, understory, lianas, bushes, climbing, plants, best, known, species, edibl. Asparagus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae subfamily Asparagoideae 2 It comprises up to 300 species Most are evergreen long lived perennial plants growing from the understory as lianas bushes or climbing plants The best known species is the edible Asparagus officinalis commonly referred to as just asparagus Some other members of the genus such as Asparagus densiflorus are grown as ornamental plants AsparagusAsparagus setaceusAsparagus tubersScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsOrder AsparagalesFamily AsparagaceaeSubfamily AsparagoideaeGenus AsparagusL Type speciesAsparagus officinalisSynonyms 1 Elid Medik Myrsiphyllum Willd Asparagopsis Kunth Kunth Hecatris Salisb Elachanthera F Muell Protasparagus Oberm Contents 1 Ecology 2 Selected species 3 Pests and diseases 4 Invasive species 5 Gallery 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksEcology EditThe genus includes a variety of living forms occurring from rainforest to semi desert habitats many are climbing plants Most are dispersed by birds citation needed Ornamental species such as Asparagus plumosus Asparagus aethiopicus Asparagus setaceus and Asparagus virgatus are finely branched and are misleadingly known as asparagus fern In the Macaronesian Islands several species such as Asparagus umbellatus and Asparagus scoparius grow in moist laurel forest habitat and preserve the original form citation needed of a leafy vine In the drier Mediterranean climate the asparagus genus evolved in the Tertiary into thorny drought adapted species citation needed Root tubers are storage organs developed by Asparagus species and are a valuable source of moisture and nutrition for species growing under drought conditions 3 Many species particularly from Africa were once included in separate genera such as Protasparagus and Myrsiphyllum However partly in response to the implications of the discovery of new species those genera have been reunited under Asparagus 4 Species in this genus vary in their appearance from unarmed herbs to wiry woody climbers with formidable hooked spines that earn them vernacular names such as cat thorn and wag n bietjie literally wait a bit 5 Most species have photosynthetic flattened stems called phylloclades instead of true leaves Asparagus officinalis Asparagus schoberioides and Asparagus cochinchinensis are dioecious species with male and female flowers on separate plants Selected species EditMain article List of Asparagus species As of September 2014 update the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 212 species of Asparagus including 6 Asparagus acutifolius Asparagus aethiopicus Asparagus sprengeri Protasparagus aethiopicus ground asparagus asparagus fern S Afr emerald fern basket asparagus Asparagus aethiopicus Sprengeri Sprenger s asparagus Asparagus africanus Protasparagus africanus African asparagus Asparagus asparagoides Myrsiphyllum asparagoides smilax African asparagus fern Austr bridal creeper Asparagus burchellii southern Cape South Africa Asparagus cochinchinensis Tian men dong 天門冬 in Chinese The roots and stems are used in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine 7 Asparagus declinatus foxtail asparagus fern Austr bridal veil 8 Asparagus capensis Asparagus curillus Himalayas Asparagus densiflorus Protasparagus densiflorus Asparagus exuvialis southern Cape South Africa Asparagus falcatus large forest sicklethorn of southern Africa Asparagus fallax esparraguera de monteverde Macaronesian native flora Asparagus flagellaris Asparagus horridus Mediterranean Arabian Peninsula Macaronesia 9 Asparagus krebsianus southern Cape South Africa Asparagus laricinus katbos Asparagus lignosus Asparagus macowanii Protasparagus macowanii Asparagus mariae southern Cape South Africa Asparagus maritimus Asparagus mucronatus southern Cape South Africa Asparagus multiflorus southern Cape South Africa Asparagus nesiotes esparraguera majorera Macaronesian native flora Asparagus officinalis asparagus Asparagus officinalis subsp officinalis garden asparagus Asparagus officinalis subsp prostratus Asparagus ovatus southern Cape South Africa Asparagus pastorianus esparraguera espinablanca Macaronesian native flora Asparagus persicus Asparagus racemosus Shatavari in Hindi The roots are used in Ayurvedic Medicine Asparagus retrofractus Asparagus rubicundus Asparagus scandens krulkransie of the Western Cape South Africa Asparagus schoberioides Asparagus scoparius esparragon raboburro Macaronesian native flora Asparagus setaceus Protasparagus setaceus A plumosus lace fern asparagus fern florist s fern Austr climbing asparagus Asparagus striatus bergappel of the Western Cape to Free State South Africa Asparagus suaveolens Asparagus tenuifolius Asparagus umbellatus esparraguera comun Macaronesian native flora Asparagus vaginellatus Bojer ex Baker Asparagus virgatusPests and diseases EditAsparagus beetle Crioceris asparagi Spotted asparagus beetle Crioceris duodecimpunctata Asparagus miner Ophiomyia simplex a leaf mining fly Asparagus fern caterpillar also known as beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua Asparagus fly Platyparaea poeciloptera a fruit fly Fusarium root and crown rot caused by two species of fungi Fusarium monoliforme and Fusarium oxysporium asparagi Asparagus rust caused by the fungus Puccinia asparagi Botrytis blight caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea The larvae of some Lepidoptera species have been recorded feeding on Asparagus These include Coleophora lineapulvella ghost moth the nutmeg small fan footed wave and turnip mothInvasive species EditA asparagoides known as bridal creeper is a problematic weed in southern Australia 10 11 Asparagus asparagoides A scandens and A setaceus are considered potentially destructive in California growing as the result of escaped seeds all can still be purchased at major and local garden centers All three have the ability to completely overtake other unrelated plants in their immediate surroundings often climbing up the larger ones and strangling them eventually cutting off the plant s flow of energy and nutrients Birds are attracted to the red berries after blooming thus transporting their seeds Asparagus asparagoides A aethiopicus under the name A densiflorus and A scandens are listed on the New Zealand National Pest Plant Accord since they are invasive plants A setaceus is officially recognized as an invasive species in Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil 12 Gallery Edit Asparagus acutifolius Asparagus aethiopicus Asparagus asparagoides Asparagus densiflorus Asparagus falcatus Asparagus fallax Asparagus officinalis Asparagus setaceus Asparagus stipularis Asparagus tenuifolius Asparagus umbellatus Asparagus verticillatusReferences Edit Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Chase M W Reveal J L amp Fay M F 2009 A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 132 136 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00999 x Asparagus densiflorus plant suitable for green roof Malcomber S T Demissew Sebsebe 1993 The Status of Protasparagus and Myrsiphyllum in the Asparagaceae Kew Bulletin 48 1 63 78 doi 10 2307 4115749 JSTOR 4115749 Marloth Rudolf The Flora of South Africa 1932 Pub Cape Town Darter Bros London Wheldon amp Wesley Asparagus World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew retrieved 2014 09 01 Lee DY Choo BK Yoon T Cheon MS Lee HW Lee AY Kim HK 12 January 2009 Anti inflammatory effects of Asparagus cochinchinensis extract in acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 1 28 24 doi 10 1016 j jep 2008 07 006 PMID 18691647 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Biosecurity SA Declared plants in South Australia 2014 Accessed 1 September 2014 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families bridal creeper weed of the month CRC weed management Archived from the original on 2005 12 15 Retrieved 2006 04 30 Bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides CSIRO Division of Entomology Archived from the original on 9 May 2006 Retrieved 2006 04 30 https www sema rs gov br upload arquivos 201612 23180118 portaria sema 79 de 2013 especies exoticas invasoras rs pdf bare URL PDF Bibliography EditFellingham A C amp Meyer N L 1995 New combinations and a complete list of Asparagus species in southern Africa Asparagaceae Bothalia 25 205 209 External links Edit Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Asparagus Media related to Asparagus at Wikimedia Commons Sorting Asparagus names multilingual listing of the Asparagus species Closeup photo of two species of Asparagus beetle Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Asparagus genus amp oldid 1132311726, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.