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Arta (Kamuia)

January 01, 1970

Arta (Greek: Άρτα Árta, ΑΡΤΑΥΟΥ Artauou (epigraphic); Kharoshthi: 𐨀𐨪𐨿𐨚 A-rṭa, Arṭa[1]) was the elder brother of the well known Gandhara ruler Maues or Moga.[2]

A coin of Kharahostes (c. 10 BCE) as son of Arta.
Obverse: King on horseback, with levelled spear. Greek legend XAPAHWCTEI CATPAΠEI ARTAYOY ("Satrap Kharahostes, son of Arta"). Kharoahthi mint mark sam
Reverse: Lion. Kharoshthi legend Chatrapasa pra Kharaustasa Artasa putrasa ("Satrap Kharahostes, son of Arta").

Name edit

Arta's name is attested in the Greek form Árta (Άρτα) and in the Kharosthi form Arṭa (𐨀𐨪𐨿𐨚), which are derived from the Saka name *Arθya, meaning "pious".[3]

Scholarly view edit

Kharahostes's own coins attest that Kshatrapa Kharaostes was the son of Arta:

Kshatrapasa pra Kharaostasa Artasa putrasa (i.e. Kshatrapa Kharaosta, son of Arta).

Some of Kharaosta's known coins write Ortas instead of Artas.

Scholars state that Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio of the Lion Capital Inscriptions is the same as Kshatrapa Kharaosta, whose coins have been studied by Dr Rapson and Dr Luders. It is now generally agreed that Kshatrapa Kharaosta was son Arta, and that Yuvaraja Kharaosta and Kshatrapa Kharaosta were one and same historical personage.[4]

The Inscriptions A and E on the Mathura Lion Capital style Kharaosta as Yuvaraya Kharaosta Kamuio. [5]

Based on the estimates of the relative ages of various personages portrayed in Lion Capital Inscriptions, Dr Stein Konow has determined that Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio (i.e. son of Arta) was the father of Aiyasi Kamuia, the chief queen (Agra-Mahisi) of Saka Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula.[6] See also: .

An older view was that Arta, the father of Kharaosta, was the first husband of Rajuvula's chief queen who had married Rajuvula after Arta's death. However, Dr S Konow does not accept this view. The fact that last name Kamuia has been used both by Yuvaraja Kharaosta as well as by princess Aiyasi clearly proves that Aiyasi Kamuia was the daughter and not mother of Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio, since it is the father's and not mother's lineage which is adopted by their off-springs.[7]

It appears that Arta had died before the date of writing of the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions.

Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio, therefore, was the legitimate inheritor to the position as King of Kings for the kingdom of Gandhara after king Moga.[8]

Saka governor Rajuvula had married princess Aiyasi Kamuia, daughter of Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio, probably to strengthen his political position and also his claim to the throne (of Taxila).[9]

This prospect was obviously not liked by other Saka chiefs. This appears to be the reason as to why the title of Shahanshahi was discontinued and only the titles of Kshatrapa and Mahakshtarpa obtained among the Sakas from that time onwards.[10] These Sakas later organized a Samgha under Rajuvula and Patika when Rajuvula assumed the title of Maha-Ksatrapa for the first time.

It appears, for some reasons, that Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio did not avail the position of King of Kings after Moga's death.

Many scholars including Sten Konow, H. W. Bailey, R. K. Mukerjee, K. P. Jaiswal, J. L. Kamboj, Buddha Prakash and others recognise that the names Kamuia and Kamuio (q.v) of the Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions are the Kharoshthi/Prakritic forms of Sanskrit/Pali Kambojika or Kamboja.[11]

Hence according to one school of scholars, king Maues, his brother Arta, Kharaosta Kamuio and Kharaosta's daughter Aiyasi Kamuia --- all belonged to the Kambojika or Kamboja clan or lineage.[12]

Mahaksatrapa Arta of the Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary edit

Main article: Apracaraja Indravarman's Silver Reliquary

A recently discovered "Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary", found from Shinkot in Bajaur (Pakistan), and edited and published for the first time by Richard Saloman, in Journal of the American Oriental Society (July- September 1996), refers to a king named Kharayosta, believed to belong to the later quarter of first century BCE. According to its editor Dr Richard Salomon (University of Washington), king Kharayosta of the "Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary", in all probability, is the same Kharaosta who finds reference as Yuvaraja Kharosta in the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions as well as, as Kharaostasa or Kharahostes in the coins.[13]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Rapson, E. J. (1905). "Notes on Indian Coins and Seals. Part VI". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 37 (4): 783–814. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00033785. JSTOR 25210193. S2CID 162443450. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  2. ^ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland - 1834, p 142, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Corpus Inscrioptionum Indicarum, Vol II, Part I, pp xxxvi, 36, S Konow; Early Inscriptions of Mathurā: A Study, 1980, p 27, Kalyani Das; Ancient India, 1956, p 220, Dr Radha Kumud Mukerjee; History of Indian Administration - 1968, p 94, Dr B. N Puri;Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, pp 227/228, Dr Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Dr Satyavrat Śāstrī; Cf: Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen - 1931, p 12, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Göttingische anzeigen von gelehrten sachen; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, pp 306-09.
  3. ^ Harmatta, János (1999). "Languages and scripts in Graeco-Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms". In Harmatta, János; Puri, B. N.; Etemadi, G. F. (eds.). History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 2. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. p. 412. ISBN 978-8-120-81408-0.
  4. ^ Kshatrapasa pra Kharaostasa Artasa putrasa (i.e. Kshatrapa Kharaosta, son of Arta), Political History of ancient India, 1996, p 397/98, Dr Raychaudhury; See also: History and Culture of Indian People, The age of Imperial Unity, p 164, (Editors) Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Malwa Through the Ages, p 166, ISBN 81-208-0824-X; Early Inscriptions of Mathurā: A Study, 1980, p 27, Kalyani Das; The Śakas in India, 1981, p 97, Satya Shrava; History of Civilizations of Central Asia, 1999, p 201, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson, János Harmatta, Boris Abramovich Litvinovskiĭ, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Unesco; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 1905, p 795, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Provincial Administration in Ancient India, 600 B.C.-550 A.D., 1981, p 283, Arun Kumar Sinha; Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... -, 1896, p 23, Sir James MacNabb Campbell, Reginald Edward Enthoven; Ṛtam, p 46, Akhila Bharatiya Sanskrit Parishad, Lucknow; See: Comprehensive History of India, 1957, Vol II, p 270, Dr K. A. Nilakanta Sastri etc.
  5. ^ "Best US Sportsbooks 2021: Bonus Reviews, Pros and Cons".
  6. ^ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, part I, p 36 & xxxvi, Dr Stein Konow; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1990, p 141, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
  7. ^ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, part I, p 36 & xxxvi, Dr Stein Konow; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1990, p 141, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, p 227/228, Dr Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Dr Satyavrat Śāstrī.
  8. ^ See: Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, part I, p 36 & xxxvi, Dr Stein Konow; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1990, p 141, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, p 227/228, Dr Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Dr Satyavrat Śāstrī; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 397, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury.
  9. ^ Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, Part I, p 36 & xxxvi; Ancient India, 1956, p 220, Dr Radha Kumud Mookerji; Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, p 227/228, Dr Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Dr Satyavrat Śāstrī; See quote in: Early Inscriptions of Mathurā: A Study, 1980, p 27, K. Das.
  10. ^ Prācīna Kamboja, jana aura janapada =: Ancient Kamboja, people and country, 1981, p 227/228, Dr Jiyālāla Kāmboja, Dr Satyavrat Śāstrī.
  11. ^ Khroshthi Inscriptions, No 15, A3; Notes on Indo-Scythian chronology, Journal of Indian History, xii, 21; Corpus Inscrioptionum Indicarum, Vol II, Part I, pp xxxvi, 36, Dr. S. Konow e.g: "If we bear in mind that 'mb' becomes 'm', i.e mm in the dialect of the Kharoshthi Dhammapada and that common 'o' becomes 'u' as in Sudasa, then Kamuia may very well represent Sanskrit Kambojika" (Dr Konow); cf: "The Kamuiyas, who are associated with the family of the Saka Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula of the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions, are in fact, the Kambojas, Kamuias being just the form we would expect in the dialect for an old Kambojika" (Indian Culture, 1934, p 193, Indian Research Institute); Cf: "Dr Stein Konow's recognition of Kamuia, occurring in the Lion Capital Inscription of Mathura, as = Kambojika is convincing”…See: Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Vol XVI, 1930, part III and IV, p 229, Dr K. P. Jayswal; For more refs on Aiyasi Kamuia = Aiyasi Kamboja, see: Ancient Kamboja in Iran and Islam, p 69, Dr H. W. Bailey; Five Phases of Indian Art, 1991, p 17, K. D. Bajpai; Indological Studies: Prof. D.C. Sircar Commemoration Volume, 1987, p 106, Prof. D.C. Sircar Commemoration Volume, Upendra Thakur, Sachindra Kumar Maity - Social Science; Female Images in the Museums of Uttar Pradesh and Their Social Background, 1978, p 162, Padma Upadhyaya; Ṛtam, p 46, Akhila Bharatiya Sanskrit Parishad, Lucknow; Literary History of Ancient Indiain Relation to its Racial, and Linguistic Affiliations, 1952, pp 46,165, Chandra Chakravarty; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland - 1834, p 141, by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; "Ancient Kamboja", in Iran and Islam, ed. by C. E. Bosworth, Edinburgh, 1971, pp. 66, Dr H. W. Bailey; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, pp 41, 227/228, Dr J. L. Kamboj; Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, p90, Kirpal Singh Dardi.
  12. ^ Refs: Corpus Inscrioptionum Indicarum, Vol II, Part I, pp xxxvi, 36, S Konow: "I shall only add that if Kharoshtha and his father Arta were Kambojas, the same may have been the case with Moga, and we understand why the Kambojas are sometimes mentioned with the Sakas and Yavanas" ( Dr S Konow); Ancient India, pp 320-21, Dr R. K. Mukerjee; Journal of Indian History - 1921, p viii, University of Kerala, University of Allahabad Department of Modern Indian History, University of Travancore; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, pp 41, 306-09, Dr J. L. Kamboj; These Kamboj People, 1979, p 141; Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, pp 168-69, Kirpal Singh Dardi; India and the World, 1964, p 154, Dr Buddha Prakash; Balocistān: Siyāsī Kashmakash, Muz̤mirāt Va Rujḥānāt, 1989, p 2, Munīr Aḥmad Marrīتاريخ قوم كمبوه: جديد تحقيق كى روشنى ميں, 1996, p 221, Yusuf Husain. For Arta being considered brother of king Maues (See also: The Seleucid, Partha and Sassasina Periods, 1983, p 195, E Y Shater).
  13. ^ An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 116, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1996), pp. 418-452, Richard Salomon

External links edit

  • Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions [2]
  • The Early Kushan Kings: New Evidence for Chronology: Para (63)

See also edit

References edit

  • Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, part I, Dr Stein Konow
  • Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research society, Vol XVI, 1930, parts III, IV, Dr K. P. Jayswal
  • Ancient India, 1956, Dr R. K. Mukerjee
  • Comprehensive History of India, 1957, Vol II, Dr K. A. Nilkantha Shastri
  • Ancient Kamboja People & Country, 1981, Dr J. L. Kamboj
  • Political History of ancient India, 1996, Dr H. C. raychaudhury
  • India and the World, 1964, Dr Buddha Parkash
  • India and Central Asia, 1929, Dr P. C. Bagchi
  • Sculptures of Mathura and Sarnath, 2002, Usha Rani Tiwari (br)
  • The Sakas in India, Dr S. Chattopadhyaya
  • The development of Kharoshthi Script, Dr C. C. Dasgupta
  • Hellenism in Ancient India, G. N. Bannerjee
  • Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Vol Xvi Parts III, IV, 1930
    .
  • An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 116, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1996), Richard Salomon

January 01, 1970
arta, kamuia, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, lead, pro. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article July 2020 This article may be confusing or unclear to readers Please help clarify the article There might be a discussion about this on the talk page July 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message Arta Greek Arta Arta ARTAYOY Artauou epigraphic Kharoshthi 𐨀𐨪 𐨚 A rṭa Arṭa 1 was the elder brother of the well known Gandhara ruler Maues or Moga 2 A coin of Kharahostes c 10 BCE as son of Arta Obverse King on horseback with levelled spear Greek legend XAPAHWCTEI CATPAPEI ARTAYOY Satrap Kharahostes son of Arta Kharoahthi mint mark sam Reverse Lion Kharoshthi legend Chatrapasa pra Kharaustasa Artasa putrasa Satrap Kharahostes son of Arta Contents 1 Name 2 Scholarly view 3 Mahaksatrapa Arta of the Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary 4 Notes 5 External links 6 See also 7 ReferencesName editArta s name is attested in the Greek form Arta Arta and in the Kharosthi form Arṭa 𐨀𐨪 𐨚 which are derived from the Saka name Ar8ya meaning pious 3 Scholarly view editKharahostes s own coins attest that Kshatrapa Kharaostes was the son of Arta Kshatrapasa pra Kharaostasa Artasa putrasa i e Kshatrapa Kharaosta son of Arta Some of Kharaosta s known coins write Ortas instead of Artas Scholars state that Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio of the Lion Capital Inscriptions is the same as Kshatrapa Kharaosta whose coins have been studied by Dr Rapson and Dr Luders It is now generally agreed that Kshatrapa Kharaosta was son Arta and that Yuvaraja Kharaosta and Kshatrapa Kharaosta were one and same historical personage 4 The Inscriptions A and E on the Mathura Lion Capital style Kharaosta as Yuvaraya Kharaosta Kamuio 5 Based on the estimates of the relative ages of various personages portrayed in Lion Capital Inscriptions Dr Stein Konow has determined that Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio i e son of Arta was the father of Aiyasi Kamuia the chief queen Agra Mahisi of Saka Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula 6 See also 1 An older view was that Arta the father of Kharaosta was the first husband of Rajuvula s chief queen who had married Rajuvula after Arta s death However Dr S Konow does not accept this view The fact that last name Kamuia has been used both by Yuvaraja Kharaosta as well as by princess Aiyasi clearly proves that Aiyasi Kamuia was the daughter and not mother of Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio since it is the father s and not mother s lineage which is adopted by their off springs 7 It appears that Arta had died before the date of writing of the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio therefore was the legitimate inheritor to the position as King of Kings for the kingdom of Gandhara after king Moga 8 Saka governor Rajuvula had married princess Aiyasi Kamuia daughter of Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio probably to strengthen his political position and also his claim to the throne of Taxila 9 This prospect was obviously not liked by other Saka chiefs This appears to be the reason as to why the title of Shahanshahi was discontinued and only the titles of Kshatrapa and Mahakshtarpa obtained among the Sakas from that time onwards 10 These Sakas later organized a Samgha under Rajuvula and Patika when Rajuvula assumed the title of Maha Ksatrapa for the first time It appears for some reasons that Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio did not avail the position of King of Kings after Moga s death Many scholars including Sten Konow H W Bailey R K Mukerjee K P Jaiswal J L Kamboj Buddha Prakash and others recognise that the names Kamuia and Kamuio q v of the Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions are the Kharoshthi Prakritic forms of Sanskrit Pali Kambojika or Kamboja 11 Hence according to one school of scholars king Maues his brother Arta Kharaosta Kamuio and Kharaosta s daughter Aiyasi Kamuia all belonged to the Kambojika or Kamboja clan or lineage 12 Mahaksatrapa Arta of the Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary editMain article Apracaraja Indravarman s Silver Reliquary A recently discovered Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary found from Shinkot in Bajaur Pakistan and edited and published for the first time by Richard Saloman in Journal of the American Oriental Society July September 1996 refers to a king named Kharayosta believed to belong to the later quarter of first century BCE According to its editor Dr Richard Salomon University of Washington king Kharayosta of the Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary in all probability is the same Kharaosta who finds reference as Yuvaraja Kharosta in the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions as well as as Kharaostasa or Kharahostes in the coins 13 Notes edit Rapson E J 1905 Notes on Indian Coins and Seals Part VI The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 37 4 783 814 doi 10 1017 S0035869X00033785 JSTOR 25210193 S2CID 162443450 Retrieved 3 October 2021 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1834 p 142 Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Corpus Inscrioptionum Indicarum Vol II Part I pp xxxvi 36 S Konow Early Inscriptions of Mathura A Study 1980 p 27 Kalyani Das Ancient India 1956 p 220 Dr Radha Kumud Mukerjee History of Indian Administration 1968 p 94 Dr B N Puri Pracina Kamboja jana aura janapada Ancient Kamboja people and country 1981 pp 227 228 Dr Jiyalala Kamboja Dr Satyavrat Sastri Cf Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen 1931 p 12 Akademie der Wissenschaften in Gottingen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen Gottingische anzeigen von gelehrten sachen Ancient Kamboja People and the Country 1981 pp 306 09 Harmatta Janos 1999 Languages and scripts in Graeco Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms In Harmatta Janos Puri B N Etemadi G F eds History of civilizations of Central Asia Vol 2 Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House p 412 ISBN 978 8 120 81408 0 Kshatrapasa pra Kharaostasa Artasa putrasa i e Kshatrapa Kharaosta son of Arta Political History of ancient India 1996 p 397 98 Dr Raychaudhury See also History and Culture of Indian People The age of Imperial Unity p 164 Editors Dr R C Majumdar Dr A D Pusalkar Malwa Through the Ages p 166 ISBN 81 208 0824 X Early Inscriptions of Mathura A Study 1980 p 27 Kalyani Das The Sakas in India 1981 p 97 Satya Shrava History of Civilizations of Central Asia 1999 p 201 Ahmad Hasan Dani Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson Janos Harmatta Boris Abramovich Litvinovskiĭ Clifford Edmund Bosworth Unesco Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain amp Ireland 1905 p 795 Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Provincial Administration in Ancient India 600 B C 550 A D 1981 p 283 Arun Kumar Sinha Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency 1896 p 23 Sir James MacNabb Campbell Reginald Edward Enthoven Ṛtam p 46 Akhila Bharatiya Sanskrit Parishad Lucknow See Comprehensive History of India 1957 Vol II p 270 Dr K A Nilakanta Sastri etc Best US Sportsbooks 2021 Bonus Reviews Pros and Cons Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol II part I p 36 amp xxxvi Dr Stein Konow Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1990 p 141 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol II part I p 36 amp xxxvi Dr Stein Konow Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1990 p 141 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Pracina Kamboja jana aura janapada Ancient Kamboja people and country 1981 p 227 228 Dr Jiyalala Kamboja Dr Satyavrat Sastri See Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol II part I p 36 amp xxxvi Dr Stein Konow Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1990 p 141 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Pracina Kamboja jana aura janapada Ancient Kamboja people and country 1981 p 227 228 Dr Jiyalala Kamboja Dr Satyavrat Sastri Political History of Ancient India 1996 p 397 Dr H C Raychaudhury Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol II Part I p 36 amp xxxvi Ancient India 1956 p 220 Dr Radha Kumud Mookerji Pracina Kamboja jana aura janapada Ancient Kamboja people and country 1981 p 227 228 Dr Jiyalala Kamboja Dr Satyavrat Sastri See quote in Early Inscriptions of Mathura A Study 1980 p 27 K Das Pracina Kamboja jana aura janapada Ancient Kamboja people and country 1981 p 227 228 Dr Jiyalala Kamboja Dr Satyavrat Sastri Khroshthi Inscriptions No 15 A3 Notes on Indo Scythian chronology Journal of Indian History xii 21 Corpus Inscrioptionum Indicarum Vol II Part I pp xxxvi 36 Dr S Konow e g If we bear in mind that mb becomes m i e mm in the dialect of the Kharoshthi Dhammapada and that common o becomes u as in Sudasa then Kamuia may very well represent Sanskrit Kambojika Dr Konow cf The Kamuiyas who are associated with the family of the Saka Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula of the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions are in fact the Kambojas Kamuias being just the form we would expect in the dialect for an old Kambojika Indian Culture 1934 p 193 Indian Research Institute Cf Dr Stein Konow s recognition of Kamuia occurring in the Lion Capital Inscription of Mathura as Kambojika is convincing See Bihar and Orissa Research Society Vol XVI 1930 part III and IV p 229 Dr K P Jayswal For more refs on Aiyasi Kamuia Aiyasi Kamboja see Ancient Kamboja in Iran and Islam p 69 Dr H W Bailey Five Phases of Indian Art 1991 p 17 K D Bajpai Indological Studies Prof D C Sircar Commemoration Volume 1987 p 106 Prof D C Sircar Commemoration Volume Upendra Thakur Sachindra Kumar Maity Social Science Female Images in the Museums of Uttar Pradesh and Their Social Background 1978 p 162 Padma Upadhyaya Ṛtam p 46 Akhila Bharatiya Sanskrit Parishad Lucknow Literary History of Ancient Indiain Relation to its Racial and Linguistic Affiliations 1952 pp 46 165 Chandra Chakravarty Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1834 p 141 by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Ancient Kamboja in Iran and Islam ed by C E Bosworth Edinburgh 1971 pp 66 Dr H W Bailey Ancient Kamboja People and the Country pp 41 227 228 Dr J L Kamboj Kambojas Through the Ages 2005 p90 Kirpal Singh Dardi Refs Corpus Inscrioptionum Indicarum Vol II Part I pp xxxvi 36 S Konow I shall only add that if Kharoshtha and his father Arta were Kambojas the same may have been the case with Moga and we understand why the Kambojas are sometimes mentioned with the Sakas and Yavanas Dr S Konow Ancient India pp 320 21 Dr R K Mukerjee Journal of Indian History 1921 p viii University of Kerala University of Allahabad Department of Modern Indian History University of Travancore Ancient Kamboja People and the Country 1981 pp 41 306 09 Dr J L Kamboj These Kamboj People 1979 p 141 Kambojas Through the Ages 2005 pp 168 69 Kirpal Singh Dardi India and the World 1964 p 154 Dr Buddha Prakash Balocistan Siyasi Kashmakash Muz mirat Va Rujḥanat 1989 p 2 Munir Aḥmad Marriتاريخ قوم كمبوه جديد تحقيق كى روشنى ميں 1996 p 221 Yusuf Husain For Arta being considered brother of king Maues See also The Seleucid Partha and Sassasina Periods 1983 p 195 E Y Shater An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol 116 No 3 Jul Sep 1996 pp 418 452 Richard SalomonExternal links editMathura Lion Capital Inscriptions 2 The Early Kushan Kings New Evidence for Chronology Para 63 3 See also editKamuia Aiyasi Kamuia Kharaosta Kamuio Maues Kambojas Parama Kambojas RishikasReferences editCorpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol II part I Dr Stein Konow Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research society Vol XVI 1930 parts III IV Dr K P Jayswal Ancient India 1956 Dr R K Mukerjee Comprehensive History of India 1957 Vol II Dr K A Nilkantha Shastri Ancient Kamboja People amp Country 1981 Dr J L Kamboj Political History of ancient India 1996 Dr H C raychaudhury India and the World 1964 Dr Buddha Parkash India and Central Asia 1929 Dr P C Bagchi Sculptures of Mathura and Sarnath 2002 Usha Rani Tiwari br The Sakas in India Dr S Chattopadhyaya The development of Kharoshthi Script Dr C C Dasgupta Hellenism in Ancient India G N Bannerjee Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society Vol Xvi Parts III IV 1930 An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol 116 No 3 Jul Sep 1996 Richard Salomon Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arta Kamuia amp oldid 1173157203, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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