Maues's name primarily attested from his coins appear under the Gandhari form Moa (𐨨𐨆𐨀) and the Ancient Greek form Maúēs (Μαύης),[1] both of which are variants of the same ScythianSaka language name *Mava, meaning "tiger" and "hero".[7]
Another form of Maues's name appears on the Taxila copper plate as Moga (𐨨𐨆𐨒),[2] which is a Gandhari derivation of the Saka name *Mauka, which also means "tiger" and "hero".[7]
The Mathura lion capital inscription refers to Maues as Mevaki Miyika (𐨨𐨅𐨬𐨐𐨁 𐨨𐨁𐨩𐨁𐨐),[3][4] which is composed of Mevaki, derived from Saka *Mavyaka, meaning "tiger", and of Miyika, from Saka *mayaka, meaning "prosperous".[8]
Sakasedit
Silver tetradrachm of Maues. The obverse shows Zeus standing with a sceptre. The Greek legend reads ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΜΑΥΟΥ (Οf the Great King of Kings Maues). The reverse shows Nike standing, holding a wreath. Kharoshthi legend. Taxila mint.
The Sakas from Sakastan defeated and killed the Parthian king Phraates II in 126 B.C. Indo-Scythians established themselves in the Indus around 88 B.C., during the end of Mithridates II of Parthias reign. The Sakas and Pahlavas became closely associated during the Saka migration. This can be demonstrated from various sources, such as the adoption of names and titles. Maues took the title of "Great King of Kings", an exceeded version of a traditional Persian royal title.
Maues Campaignsedit
Maues is the first recorded ruler of the Sakas in the Indus. He is first mentioned in the Moga inscription:
"In the seventy eighth, 78, year the Great King, the Great Moga, on the fifth, 5, day of the month Panemos, on this first, of the Kshaharata and Kshatrapa of Chukhsa - Liaka Kusuluka by name - his son Patika - in the town of Takshasila..."[9]
Mauses is possibly mentioned the Maira inscription in the Salt Range in Pakistan as 'Moasa'.[10]
The Sakas extend their power up to Mathura during his reign.[11]
Route of the Invasionsedit
When precisely and under what circumstances Maues arrived in India is uncertain, but the expulsion of the Scythian (Saka/Sai) peoples from Central Asia is referred to in the Han Shu, where the cause given is their confrontation with the Ta Yüeh-chih, themselves undergoing an enforced migration. It is stated that "when the Ta Yüeh-chih turned west, defeated and expelled the king of the Sai, the latter moved south and crossed over the Suspended Crossing." That this route (from the Pamirs into the Gilgit valley) was used in Maues' time is confirmed by the discovery of inscriptions in the Chilas/Gilgit area bearing his name (Dani, 1983 and 1995, pp. 52, 55).[12]
Coinsedit
Coin of Maues depicting Balarama, 1st century BCE. British Museum.Coin of Machene, Queen of Maues. Obv. Tyche, wearing mural crown. Legend ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΘEOTPOΠOY MAXHNHΣ "Godlike Queen Machene". Rev. Zeus with Nike, legend "Rajatirajasa mahatasa Moasa" in Kharoshthi "Great king of kings, Maues".
Maues issued joint coins mentioning a queen Machene ("ΜΑΧΗΝΗ"). Machene may have been a daughter of one of the Indo-Greek houses.[13]
An Indo-Greek king, Artemidoros, also issued coins where he describes himself as "Son of Maues".
Buddhist Coinsedit
A few of the coins of Maues, struck according to the Indian square standard, seemingly depict a King in a cross-legged seated position. This may represent Maues himself, or possibly one of his divinities. It has been suggested that this might also be one of the first representations of the Buddha on a coin, in an area where Buddhism was flourishing at the time, but the seated personage seems to hold a sword horizontally, which favors the hypotheses of the depiction of the king Maues himself.
Also, Maues struck some coins incorporating Buddhist symbolism, such as the lion, symbol of Buddhism since the time of the Mauryan king Ashoka.
The symbolism of the lion had also been adopted by the Buddhist Indo-Greek king Menander II. Maues therefore probably supported Buddhism, although whether sincerely or for political motives is unclear. His coins also included a variety of other religious symbols such as the bull of Shiva, indicating wide religious tolerance.
Referencesedit
^ abGardner, Percy (1886). The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum. London: Gilbert & Rivington Ltd. pp. 68-72. ISBN978-0-900-83452-3.
^ abThomas, F. W. (1907–1908). Hultzsch, E.; Konow, Sten (eds.). Epigraphia Indica. Vol. 9. Kolkata: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. pp. 135-147.
^RC Senior "Indo-Scythian coins and history", Vol IV, p.xxxvi.
Sourcesedit
Gazerani, Saghi (2015). The Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran's National History: On the Margins of Historiography. BRILL. pp. 1–250. ISBN9789004282964.
Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2016). "Dynastic Connections in the Arsacid Empire and the Origins of the House of Sāsān". In Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Pendleton, Elizabeth J.; Alram, Michael; Daryaee, Touraj (eds.). The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion. Oxbow Books. ISBN9781785702082.
Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "East Iran in Late Antiquity". ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. ISBN9781474400305. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8. (registration required)
maues, greek, Μαύης, maúēs, ΜΑΥΟΥ, mauou, epigraphic, kharosthi, 𐨨, 𐨀, called, 𐨨, 𐨒, moga, taxila, copper, plate, also, called, 𐨨, 𐨬𐨐, 𐨨, 𐨩, 𐨐, mevaki, miyika, mathura, lion, capital, inscription, first, indo, scythian, king, ruling, from, invaded, india, esta. Maues Greek Mayhs Maues MAYOY Mauou epigraphic Kharosthi 𐨨 𐨀 Mo a Moa 1 called 𐨨 𐨒 Mo ga Moga on the Taxila copper plate 2 also called 𐨨 𐨬𐨐 𐨨 𐨩 𐨐 Me va ki Mi yi ka Mevaki Miyika in the Mathura lion capital inscription 3 4 was the first Indo Scythian king ruling from 98 85 to 60 57 BCE 5 He invaded India and established Saka hegemony by conquering Indo Greek territories 6 MauesMaues riding in armour Like many other Indo Scythians Maues did not issue portraits Indo Scythian kingReign98 85 60 57 BCEDied60 57 BCESpouseMachene Contents 1 Name 2 Sakas 3 Maues Campaigns 3 1 Route of the Invasions 4 Coins 4 1 Buddhist Coins 5 References 6 SourcesName editMaues s name primarily attested from his coins appear under the Gandhari form Moa 𐨨 𐨀 and the Ancient Greek form Maues Mayhs 1 both of which are variants of the same Scythian Saka language name Mava meaning tiger and hero 7 Another form of Maues s name appears on the Taxila copper plate as Moga 𐨨 𐨒 2 which is a Gandhari derivation of the Saka name Mauka which also means tiger and hero 7 The Mathura lion capital inscription refers to Maues as Mevaki Miyika 𐨨 𐨬𐨐 𐨨 𐨩 𐨐 3 4 which is composed of Mevaki derived from Saka Mavyaka meaning tiger and of Miyika from Saka mayaka meaning prosperous 8 Sakas edit nbsp Silver tetradrachm of Maues The obverse shows Zeus standing with a sceptre The Greek legend reads BASILEWS BASILEWN MEGALOY MAYOY Of the Great King of Kings Maues The reverse shows Nike standing holding a wreath Kharoshthi legend Taxila mint The Sakas and or the related Parni who founded the Parthian Empire and Scythians were nomadic Eastern Iranian peoples The Sakas from Sakastan defeated and killed the Parthian king Phraates II in 126 B C Indo Scythians established themselves in the Indus around 88 B C during the end of Mithridates II of Parthias reign The Sakas and Pahlavas became closely associated during the Saka migration This can be demonstrated from various sources such as the adoption of names and titles Maues took the title of Great King of Kings an exceeded version of a traditional Persian royal title Maues Campaigns editMaues is the first recorded ruler of the Sakas in the Indus He is first mentioned in the Moga inscription In the seventy eighth 78 year the Great King the Great Moga on the fifth 5 day of the month Panemos on this first of the Kshaharata and Kshatrapa of Chukhsa Liaka Kusuluka by name his son Patika in the town of Takshasila 9 Mauses is possibly mentioned the Maira inscription in the Salt Range in Pakistan as Moasa 10 Maues vastly expanded his domain by conquering key cities along the Indus This included seizing Taxila in Punjab and Gandharas capital city Pushkalavati from the Indo Greek Kingdoms 11 Maues has overstruck coins belonging to Archebius as well as Apollodotus II in Taxila The Sakas extend their power up to Mathura during his reign 11 Route of the Invasions edit When precisely and under what circumstances Maues arrived in India is uncertain but the expulsion of the Scythian Saka Sai peoples from Central Asia is referred to in the Han Shu where the cause given is their confrontation with the Ta Yueh chih themselves undergoing an enforced migration It is stated that when the Ta Yueh chih turned west defeated and expelled the king of the Sai the latter moved south and crossed over the Suspended Crossing That this route from the Pamirs into the Gilgit valley was used in Maues time is confirmed by the discovery of inscriptions in the Chilas Gilgit area bearing his name Dani 1983 and 1995 pp 52 55 12 Coins edit nbsp Coin of Maues depicting Balarama 1st century BCE British Museum nbsp Coin of Machene Queen of Maues Obv Tyche wearing mural crown Legend BASILISSHS 8EOTPOPOY MAXHNHS Godlike Queen Machene Rev Zeus with Nike legend Rajatirajasa mahatasa Moasa in Kharoshthi Great king of kings Maues Maues issued joint coins mentioning a queen Machene MAXHNH Machene may have been a daughter of one of the Indo Greek houses 13 An Indo Greek king Artemidoros also issued coins where he describes himself as Son of Maues Buddhist Coins edit A few of the coins of Maues struck according to the Indian square standard seemingly depict a King in a cross legged seated position This may represent Maues himself or possibly one of his divinities It has been suggested that this might also be one of the first representations of the Buddha on a coin in an area where Buddhism was flourishing at the time but the seated personage seems to hold a sword horizontally which favors the hypotheses of the depiction of the king Maues himself Also Maues struck some coins incorporating Buddhist symbolism such as the lion symbol of Buddhism since the time of the Mauryan king Ashoka The symbolism of the lion had also been adopted by the Buddhist Indo Greek king Menander II Maues therefore probably supported Buddhism although whether sincerely or for political motives is unclear His coins also included a variety of other religious symbols such as the bull of Shiva indicating wide religious tolerance References edit a b Gardner Percy 1886 The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum London Gilbert amp Rivington Ltd pp 68 72 ISBN 978 0 900 83452 3 a b Konow 1929 pp xxix 23 29 45 a b Konow 1929 pp 30 49 PLATE VIII a b Thomas F W 1907 1908 Hultzsch E Konow Sten eds Epigraphia Indica Vol 9 Kolkata Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing India pp 135 147 Gazerani 2015 p 15 The Grandeur of Gandhara Rafi us Samad Algora Publishing 2011 p 64 67 1 a b Harmatta 1999 p 410 Harmatta 1999 p 412 Moga inscription Harmatta 1999 p 193 a b Sagar Krishna Chandra 1992 Foreign Influence on Ancient India Northern Book Centre ISBN 9788172110284 INDO SCYTHIAN DYNASTY Encyclopaedia Iranica www iranicaonline org Retrieved 2019 07 23 RC Senior Indo Scythian coins and history Vol IV p xxxvi Sources editGazerani Saghi 2015 The Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran s National History On the Margins of Historiography BRILL pp 1 250 ISBN 9789004282964 Olbrycht Marek Jan 2016 Dynastic Connections in the Arsacid Empire and the Origins of the House of Sasan In Curtis Vesta Sarkhosh Pendleton Elizabeth J Alram Michael Daryaee Touraj eds The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires Adaptation and Expansion Oxbow Books ISBN 9781785702082 Rezakhani Khodadad 2017 East Iran in Late Antiquity ReOrienting the Sasanians East Iran in Late Antiquity Edinburgh University Press pp 1 256 ISBN 9781474400305 JSTOR 10 3366 j ctt1g04zr8 registration required Harmatta Janos 1999 Languages and scripts in Graeco Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms In Harmatta Janos Puri B N Etemadi G F eds History of civilizations of Central Asia Vol 2 Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House ISBN 978 8 120 81408 0 Konow Sten 1929 Kharoshṭhi Inscriptions with the Exception of Those of Asoka Kolkata Government of India Central Publication Branch Preceded by In Arachosia Gandhara and Punjab Indo Greek KingArchebios In Paropamisade Indo Greek KingHermaeus Indo Scythian Ruler 85 60 BCE Succeeded by In Gandhara Indo Greek king Artemidoros In Punjab Indo Greek king Apollodotus II In the south Indo Scythian ruler Vonones Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maues amp oldid 1161874131, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
