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Arleigh Burke-class destroyer

December 13, 2023

The Arleigh Burke class of guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) is a United States Navy class of destroyer centered around the Aegis Combat System and the SPY-1D multi-function passive electronically scanned array radar. The class is named for Admiral Arleigh Burke, an American destroyer officer in World War II and later Chief of Naval Operations. With an overall length of 505 to 509.5 feet (153.9 to 155.3 m), displacement ranging from 8,300 to 9,700 tons, and weaponry including over 90 missiles, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are larger and more heavily armed than many previous classes of guided-missile cruisers.

USS Arleigh Burke, the lead ship of the class, in 2013
Class overview
NameArleigh Burke class
Builders
Operators United States Navy
Preceded by
Succeeded by
CostUS$1.843 billion per ship (DDG 114–116, FY2011/12)[1]
Built1988–present
In commission1991–present
Planned92
On order9
Building10
Completed73
Active73
Retired0
General characteristics
TypeGuided-missile destroyer
Displacement
  • Fully loaded:
  • Flight I: 8,300 long tons (8,400 t)[2]
  • Flight II: 8,400 long tons (8,500 t)[3]
  • Flight IIA: 9,500 long tons (9,700 t)[4]
  • Flight III: 9,700 long tons (9,900 t)[5]
Length
  • Flights I & II: 505 ft (154 m)[7]
  • Flights IIA & III: 509.5 ft (155.3 m)[7]
Beam66 ft (20 m)[2]
Draft31 ft (9.4 m)[2]
Installed power
  • Flights I–IIA: 3 × Rolls-Royce AG9140 Generators (3,000 kW (4,000 hp) each, 450 V)
  • Flight III: 3 × Rolls-Royce AG9160 Generators (4,000 kW (5,400 hp) each, 4,160 V)[14][15]
Propulsion
SpeedIn excess of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)[7]
Range4,400 nmi (8,100 km; 5,100 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)[2]
Boats & landing
craft carried		2 × rigid-hull inflatable boats[13]
Complement
  • Flight I: 303 total[8]
  • Flight IIA: 23 officers, 300 enlisted[8]
Sensors and
processing systems
Electronic warfare
& decoys
Armament
Armor130 tons of Kevlar splinter protection around vital areas[9]
Aircraft carried
Aviation facilities
  • Flights I & II: Flight deck only, but LAMPS III electronics installed on landing deck for coordinated DDG-51/helo ASW operations
  • Flights IIA & III: Flight deck and enclosed hangars for two MH-60R LAMPS III helicopters

These warships are multi-mission destroyers able to conduct anti-aircraft warfare with Aegis and surface-to-air missiles; tactical land strikes with Tomahawk missiles; anti-submarine warfare (ASW) with towed array sonar, anti-submarine rockets, and ASW helicopters; and anti-surface warfare (ASuW) with ship-to-ship missiles and guns. With upgrades to their AN/SPY-1 radar systems and their associated missile payloads as part of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System, as well as the introduction of the AN/SPY-6 radar system, the class has also evolved capability as mobile anti-ballistic missile and anti-satellite platforms.

The lead ship of the class, USS Arleigh Burke, was commissioned during Admiral Burke's lifetime on 4 July 1991. With the decommissioning of the last Spruance-class destroyer, USS Cushing, on 21 September 2005, the Arleigh Burke-class ships became the U.S. Navy's only active destroyers until the Zumwalt class became active in 2016. The Arleigh Burke class has the longest production run of any U.S. Navy surface combatant. As of October 2023, all seventy-three built are active, with nineteen more planned to enter service.

Characteristics edit

Variants edit

The Arleigh Burke-class destroyer has four variants, referred to as "Flights". Newer Flights incorporate technological advancements.[2]

  • Flight I: DDGs 51–71
  • Flight II: DDGs 72–78
  • Flight IIA: DDGs 79–124 and DDG-127
  • Flight III: DDGs 125–126 and DDG-128 onwards[7]
  •  

    Flight I ship USS Fitzgerald with Tactical Towed Array Sonar (TACTAS) in the center of the fantail, Harpoon missile launchers, distinctive stacks, and no helicopter hangars

  •  

    Flight IIA ship USS Mustin without TACTAS and no Harpoon launchers, but with helicopter hangars and new exhaust stacks design

  •  

    Flight III ship USS Jack H. Lucas showing the larger AN/SPY-6 arrays, stacked rigid-hull inflatable boats, and slight exhaust stack modifications

Structure edit

The Arleigh Burke-class ships are among the largest destroyers built in the United States;[16] only the Spruance, Kidd (563 ft or 172 m), and Zumwalt classes (600 ft or 180 m) are longer. The Arleigh Burke class was designed with a new large, water-plane area-hull form characterized by a wide flaring bow, which significantly improves seakeeping ability and permits high speed in high sea states.[2] The class's design incorporates stealth techniques, such as the angled (rather than traditional vertical) surfaces and the raked tripod mainmast,[17] which make the ship more difficult to detect by radar.

Its designers incorporated lessons from the Ticonderoga-class cruiser, which the Navy deemed too expensive to continue building and difficult to upgrade further.[18] For these destroyers, the U.S. Navy returned to all-steel construction, except the mast made of aluminum.[19] The Ticonderogas had combined a steel hull with a superstructure made of lighter aluminum to reduce top weight, but the lighter metal proved vulnerable to cracking. Aluminum is also less fire-resistant than steel;[20] a 1975 fire aboard USS Belknap gutted her aluminum superstructure.[21] Battle damage to Royal Navy ships exacerbated by their aluminum superstructures during the 1982 Falklands War supported the decision to use steel. Other lessons from the Falklands War led to the Navy's decision to protect the Arleigh Burke class's vital spaces with double-spaced steel layers, which create a buffer against anti-ship missiles (AShMs), and Kevlar spall liners.[22]

Passive defenses edit

Arleigh Burke destroyers are equipped with AN/SLQ-32 electronic warfare (EW) suites that provide electronic support.[2] Vessels with the SLQ-32(V)3, SLQ-32(V)6, or SLQ-32(V)7 variant have an additional capability to jam targeting and AShM guidance radar.[23][24]

 
Mark 36 SRBOC fires a chaff decoy from USS Stout

The destroyers have Mark 36 infrared and chaff decoy launchers, as well as Nulka decoy launchers, for spoofing incoming anti-ship missiles.[25][26] For defeating incoming torpedoes, the class has two Nixie towed countermeasures.[27] The ships' Prairie-Maskers can reduce their radiated noise.[28]

A collective protection system makes the Arleigh Burke class the first U.S. warships designed with an air-filtration system against nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare (NBC).[29] Other NBC defenses include double air-locked hatches, pressurized compartments, and an external countermeasure washdown system.[30] The class's electronics are hardened against electromagnetic pulses.[31] Fire suppression equipment includes water sprinklers in the living quarters and combat information center (CIC).[22] The CIC is below the waterline.[19]

Weapon systems edit

The Arleigh Burke class are multi-mission ships[8] with numerous combat systems, including anti-aircraft missiles, land attack missiles, ship-to-ship missiles, and an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) system.[22] Missiles are stored in and fired from Mark 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS) cells; with 90 cells on Flights I–II and 96 cells starting with Flight IIA,[32] the Arleigh Burkes are more heavily armed than many preceding guided-missile cruiser classes.[16] The Arleigh Burke-class destroyer is equipped with the Aegis Combat System, which combines information from the ship's sensors to display a coherent image of the environment and guides weapons to targets using advanced tracking and fire control.[33]

Their main radar differs from traditional mechanically rotating radars. Instead, Aegis uses the AN/SPY-1D passive electronically scanned array (or the AN/SPY-6 active electronically scanned array on Flight III ships), which allows continual tracking of targets simultaneous to area scans. The system's computer control also allows centralization of the previously separate tracking and targeting functions. The system is resistant to electronic countermeasures.[34][35][36]

 
USS The Sullivans (foreground) and other ships conducting a coordinated SM-2MR launch

The Standard Missile SM-2MR/ER and SM-6 provide area air defense, though they may also be used in a secondary ASuW role.[37] The SM-2 uses semi-active radar homing (SARH), meaning that up to three targets may be simultaneously intercepted since the Arleigh Burkes have three AN/SPG-62 fire-control radars for terminal target illumination.[38][8] The SM-6, which provides over-the-horizon defense,[39] and the SM-2 Block IIIC feature a dual-mode seeker with active radar homing (ARH) capability; they do not have to rely on external illumination, so more targets could theoretically be intercepted simultaneously.[40][41]

Flights IIA and III—and modernized Flight I and II ships—can carry RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missiles (ESSMs),[42][43][44] which provide medium-range air defense and are also capable of targeting other ships. ESSM is small enough to be quad-packed into a single Mk 41 VLS cell. ESSM Block 1 uses SARH, guided similarly to older SM-2s. ESSM Block 2 features a dual-mode seeker with ARH capability, and it was scheduled for initial operating capability (IOC) in 2020.[45]

The SM-3, SM-6, and SM-2ER Block IV provide Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), the SM-3 being an exoatmospheric interceptor[46] and the latter two having terminal phase anti-ballistic capability.[47][39] So vital has the Aegis BMD role become that all ships of the class are being updated with BMD capability.[48] By August 2021, there were 42 BMD-capable Arleigh Burke-class destroyers.[49] Flight III ships have been delivered since 2023 with AN/SPY-6(V)1 radars and improved BMD capabilities; Flight IIA ships are also planned to receive these upgrades with AN/SPY-6(V)4 radar retrofits.[50]

Flights I and II carry two stand-alone Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers for a total of four or eight Harpoons,[51] giving them an anti-ship capability with a range in excess of 64 nautical miles (119 km; 74 mi).[2]

The class can perform tactical land strikes with VLS-launched Tomahawks.[2] With the development of the Tomahawk Block V, all existing Block IV Tomahawks carried will be converted to the Block V. The Tomahawk Block Va version is called the Maritime Strike version, and it provides anti-ship capability in addition to its land attack role. The Block Vb version features the Joint Multi-Effects Warhead System for hitting a wider variety of land targets.[52][53]

 
USS Preble shooting a Mark 46 torpedo

Arleigh Burke-class ships feature the Navy's latest AN/SQQ-89 ASW combat system, which is integrated with Aegis. It encompasses the AN/SQS-53C bow-mounted sonar and a towed array sonar, though several Flight IIA ships do not have a towed array.[54] The towed array is either the AN/SQR-19 Tactical Towed Array Sonar (TACTAS) or the newer TB-37U Multi-Function Towed Array (MFTA). The ships carry standoff RUM-139 anti-submarine rockets, which have a range of 22 km and deploy the Mark 54 ASW torpedo. For short-range defense against submarines, they have two Mark 32 triple torpedo tubes—one to the port side and one to the starboard side—that can fire the Mark 46, Mark 50, and Mark 54 ASW torpedoes. The ships can detect anti-ship mines at a range of about 1,400 meters.[55][56]

All ships of the class are fitted with at least one Phalanx close-in weapon system (CIWS), which provides point defense against air and surface threats. Eight ships (DDG-51, DDG-64, DDG-71, DDG-75, DDG-78, DDG-80, DDG-84, DDG-117) are equipped with one SeaRAM CIWS to improve their self-defense.[57][58][59][60][61]

Arleigh Burkes can also carry two 25 mm Mk 38 machine gun systems, one on each side of the ship, designed to counter fast surface craft.[62] There are numerous mounts for crew-served weapons like the M2 Browning.[63]

 
USS Forrest Sherman in 2007, test firing her new 5"/62-caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 gun, located forward of her 32-cell missile pack module

Located on the forward deck is the 5-inch (127 mm) Mark 45 gun. Directed by the Mark 34 Gun Weapon System, it can be used in anti-ship, anti-air, and naval gunfire support roles. It can fire 16–20 rounds per minute and has a range of 13 nautical miles (24 km).[N 3][66] Arleigh Burkes can stow 680 5-inch rounds.[67][64]

 
USS Kidd (DDG-100) near Naval Base San Diego with front ODIN system

As of 2023, five destroyers (DDG-100, DDG-105, DDG-106, DDG-111, DDG-113) are equipped with the Optical Dazzling Interdictor, Navy (ODIN), a directed energy weapon that can target unmanned vehicles.[68][69][70] DDG-88 is equipped with the higher-power High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical-dazzler with Surveillance (HELIOS).[71]

Aircraft edit

 
MH-60 Seahawk above USS Bulkeley's flight deck

Flights IIA and III are equipped with two hangars for stowing MH-60 helicopters. Their Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) helicopter system improves the ship's capabilities by enabling the MH-60 to monitor submarines and surface ships, launch torpedoes and missiles against them, and provide fire support during insertions/extractions with machine guns and Hellfire anti-armor guided missiles. The helicopters also serve in a utility role, able to perform vertical replenishment, search and rescue, medical evacuation, communications relay, and naval gunfire spotting and controlling.[72]

In March 2022, an Arleigh Burke destroyer was deployed with an AAI Aerosonde unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aircraft is under demonstration for Flight I and II ships, which do not have accommodations for permanently storing helicopters. The Aerosonde has a small enough footprint to be stowed on those destroyers. It can perform missions such as intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance at a much lower cost than manned helicopters.[73]

Development edit

Origins and Flight I edit

The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) from 1970 to 1974, Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, sought to improve the U.S. fleet through modernization at minimal cost. Zumwalt advocated for a "high-low mix" philosophy. He envisioned the high-low mix as constituted by a few high-end, high-cost warships and numerous low-end, low-cost warships. The introduction of the Aegis-equipped Ticonderoga-class cruiser in the early 1980s filled the high end. The Navy started work to develop a lower-cost Aegis-equipped vessel to fill the low end and replace the aging Charles F. Adams destroyers.[74][75][76]

In 1980, the U.S. Navy initiated design studies with seven contractors. By 1983, the number of competitors had been reduced to three: Bath Iron Works, Ingalls Shipbuilding, and Todd Shipyards.[29] On 3 April 1985, Bath Iron Works received a US$321.9 million contract to build the first of the class, USS Arleigh Burke.[77] Gibbs & Cox was awarded the contract to be the lead ship design agent.[78] The Navy contracted Ingalls Shipbuilding to build the second ship.[79]

Political restraints led to design restrictions, including the absence of helicopter hangars, a displacement limit of 8,300 tons, and a 50-foot shorter hull than the Ticonderoga's. The designers were forced to make compromises, such as a wide flaring bow. To compensate for the limited length, the originally-planned 80,000 shaft horsepower (shp) LM2500 gas turbines were upgraded to 100,000 shp.[74] No main gun was included in the original design, later amended to include an OTO Melara 76 mm, before finally selecting the 5-inch/54-caliber Mark 45.[9][76] Despite their constraints, the designers benefitted from insight gained from previous classes; for example, they chose an all-steel superstructure to improve survivability.[22]

The total cost of the first ship was $1.1 billion, the other $778 million being for the ship's weapons systems.[77] USS Arleigh Burke was laid down by the Bath Iron Works at Bath, Maine, on 6 December 1988, and launched on 16 September 1989 by Mrs. Arleigh Burke. The Admiral himself was present at her commissioning ceremony on 4 July 1991, held on the waterfront in downtown Norfolk, Virginia.[74] Orders for Flight I ships continued through 1995.

Flight II edit

The Flight II iteration of the class was introduced in FY1992.[2] The incorporation of the AN/SRS-1A(V) Combat Direction Finding enhanced detection of signals.[80] The TADIX-B, JTIDS Command and Control Processor, and Link 16 improved communication with other assets.[81] The SLQ-32 EW suite was upgraded to (V)3, and the SPS-67(V)3 surface search radar was upgraded to (V)5.[82] Flight II also gained the capability to launch and control the SM-2ER Block IV.[83] An expansion of fuel capacity slightly increased the displacement.[19]

Flight IIA edit

 
Profile of Flight IIA Arleigh Burke-class destroyer

The Flight IIA design was first procured in FY1994.[84] Among the additions are two hangars and support facilities for ASW helicopters, Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC),[83] the Kingfisher mine detection system, and five blast-resistant bulkheads.[32] To accommodate the hangars, the length was increased to 509.5 ft (155.3 m), and the rear-facing SPY-1D arrays are mounted one deck (eight feet) higher to prevent a blind spot.[85] Flight IIA also replaced retractable missile loading cranes on the forward and aft VLS with a total of six additional cells. The propellers are of a different design to reduce cavitation.[86] New fiber optics helped minimize weight gain and improve reliability.[87] Systems omitted from Flight IIA include the Harpoon missile launchers[N 4] and, starting with USS McCampbell (DDG-85), the forward Phalanx CIWS.[88] Flight IIA ships were initially built without the AN/SQR-19 TACTAS,[54] though later units were subsequently installed with TACTAS.[85]

Starting with USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG-81), the longer 5-inch/62-caliber (127 mm) Mark 45 Mod 4 gun was installed.[32] Later Flight IIA ships starting with USS Mason (DDG-87) use the BridgeMaster E as their navigation radar instead of the AN/SPS-73(V)12.[89] Subsequent Flight IIA ships employ additional signature-reduction measures: the hangars of DDG-86 onwards are made of composite materials, and the exhaust funnels of DDG-89 onwards are buried within the superstructure.[32] The use of the improved SPY-1D(V) radar, starting with USS Pinckney (DDG-91), enhances the ships' ability to filter out clutter and resist electronic attack.[90]

 
USS Momsen, 2006, with torpedo tubes mounted on aft missile deck rather than earlier amidships mounting, superstructure changes to accommodate an AN/WLD-1 holding bay, and lacking CIWS

Several Flight IIA ships were constructed without any Phalanx CIWS because of the planned Evolved SeaSparrow Missile; the Navy had initially decided that ESSM made Phalanx redundant.[32] However, the Navy later changed its mind and decided to retrofit all IIA ships to carry at least one Phalanx CIWS by 2013.[88]

DDGs 91–96 (USS Pinckney, USS Momsen, USS Chung-Hoon, USS Nitze, USS James E. Williams, and USS Bainbridge) were built with superstructure differences to accommodate the AN/WLD-1 Remote Minehunting System (RMS).[91] However, only Pinckney, Momsen, and Bainbridge were installed with the system before the RMS program was canceled.[27]

Modernization edit

Efforts to modernize the Arleigh Burke class began amid congressional concerns over the retirement of the Iowa-class battleship. In 1996, the Navy began a program to field the Extended Range Guided Munition (ERGM) for the DDG-51 class.[92] The ERGM was to extend the class's 5-inch Mark 45 gun range to 63 nautical miles (117 km). It necessitated a modification of the gun; the 62-caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 was created and installed on DDG-81 and onwards in anticipation of the ERGM.[93][32] However, the ERGM was canceled in 2008.[94]

The current DDG-51 modernization program is designed to provide mid-life upgrades to ensure the destroyers remain effective with service lives of at least 35 years.[95] Modernization of existing ships provides commonality with in-production ships. The program's goals are reduced manning, increased mission effectiveness, and reduced total cost.[8] Mid-life modernization of Flight I and II ships is done in two phases: the first phase updates the hull, mechanical, and electrical (HM&E) systems, while the second phase focuses on Aegis Combat System upgrades and introduces an Open Architecture Computing Environment (OACE).[44] By 2017, modernization technologies were introduced to production ships, and the Navy started modernization of Flight IIA ships through a single process combining both phases of upgrading.[95] The capabilities of modernized destroyers include CEC, Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD),[N 5] ESSM support, improved electronic support capability with Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program (SEWIP) Block 2, improved data processing with Boeing's Gigabit Ethernet Data Multiplex System,[96] and improvements to littoral combat.[N 6][97][44]

 
Combat information center aboard USS John S. McCain

In July 2010, BAE Systems announced it had been awarded a contract to modernize 11 ships.[98] In May 2014, USNI News reported that 21 of the 28 Flight I and II Arleigh Burke-class destroyers would not receive the full mid-life upgrade that included electronics and Aegis Baseline 9 software for SM-6 compatibility; instead, they would retain the basic BMD 3.6.1 software in a $170 million upgrade concentrating on HM&E systems, and on some ships, their anti-submarine suite.[99][100] Seven Flight I ships—DDGs 51–53, 57, 61, 65, 69—received the full $270 million Baseline 9 upgrade.[99] Deputy of surface warfare Dave McFarland said that this change was due to the budget cuts in the Budget Control Act of 2011.[101]

In 2016, the Navy announced it would begin outfitting 34 Flight IIA Arleigh Burke vessels with a hybrid-electric drive (HED) to lower fuel costs. The four LM2500 gas turbines of the Arleigh Burkes are most efficient at high speeds; an electric motor was to be attached to the main reduction gear to turn the drive shaft and propel the ship at speeds under 13 knots (24 km/h), such as during BMD or maritime security operations. Use of the HED for half the time could extend time on station by 2.5 days before refueling.[102] In March 2018, the Navy announced the HED would be installed on USS Truxtun (DDG-103) to test the technology, but upgrades of further destroyers would be halted due to changed budget priorities.[103]

 
USS Cole (left) and two other Arleigh Burke-class destroyers docked at Naval Station Norfolk in July 2009

Also in 2016, four destroyers of the U.S. 6th Fleet based in Naval Station Rota, Spain (USS Carney, USS Ross, USS Donald Cook, and USS Porter) received self-protection upgrades, replacing one of their two Phalanx CIWS with a SeaRAM CIWS, which combines the Phalanx sensor dome with an 11-cell RIM-116 launcher. This was the first time the system was paired with an Aegis ship.[104] Another four ships (USS Arleigh Burke, USS Roosevelt, USS Bulkeley, and USS Paul Ignatius) have since been forward-deployed to Rota and also received a SeaRAM.[58][59][60][61]

In February 2018, Lockheed Martin received a contract to deliver its High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical-dazzler with Surveillance (HELIOS) system for installation onto an Arleigh Burke destroyer. HELIOS is a "60+ kW"-class laser, scalable to 120 kW, that can "dazzle" or destroy small boats and UAVs up to 8.0 km (5 mi) away.[105][106] It would be the first laser weapon put on a warship.[107][108] In November 2019, USS Dewey (DDG-105) had the Optical Dazzling Interdictor, Navy (ODIN) system installed. ODIN differs from the XN-1 LaWS previously mounted on USS Ponce in that ODIN functions as a dazzler, which blinds or destroys optical sensors on drones rather than shooting down the aircraft.[109][110] HELIOS was delivered to the Navy in August 2022 and installed on USS Preble (DDG-88). Preble is expected to begin at-sea testing of the HELIOS in FY2023.[71]

Also by 2018, all Arleigh Burke-class ships homeported in the Western Pacific were scheduled to have upgraded ASW systems, including the TB-37U MFTA replacing the AN/SQR-19 TACTAS.[111][112]

In FY2019, the Navy started a program to procure the Mod 4 variant of the Mark 38 machine gun system[113] to address "unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and high speed maneuverable unmanned surface vehicle (USV) threats."[114] Mod 4 will incorporate the 30 mm Mk44 Bushmaster II instead of the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster of previous variants[115] for increased accuracy, lethality, and effective range. The Mk 38 Mod 4 was scheduled to achieve IOC on Arleigh Burke-class destroyers in FY2022,[114] and it will be fielded on Flights IIA and III.[116]

In October 2020, National Security Advisor Robert C. O'Brien said that all three Flights of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer would field the Common-Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) missile developed under the Conventional Prompt Strike program. However, the C-HGB is expected to be around 3 ft (0.91 m) wide, making it too large to fit in Mk 41 VLS tubes or on deck launchers. Installing them on Arleigh Burke destroyers would require removing some Mk 41 cells to accommodate the larger weapon, an expensive and time-consuming process.[117][118] There is criticism of this idea: the oldest Flight I ships would need a service life extension to justify refit costs that would only prolong their service lives a short time when they are already more expensive to operate, and the newest Flight III ships that are optimized for BMD would be given a new, complex mission requiring a major refit shortly after introduction.[119]

About 20 Flight IIA destroyers will undergo further modernization under the DDG MOD 2.0 program.[120] DDG MOD 2.0 will backfit SPY-6(V)4 and Aegis Baseline 10 to provide similar capabilities to Flight III ships,[N 7] as well as upgrade cooling systems to support the new radar. DDG MOD 2.0 will also deliver the AN/SLQ-32(V)7 EW suite, which adds the SEWIP Block 3 electronic attack subsystem.[24][122] In May 2021, the Navy approved a "Smart Start Plan" for four ships—DDGs 91, 93, 95, 97—to make a gradual transition to DDG MOD 2.0. These ships will undergo a DDG MOD 1.5 phase that provides the SLQ-32(V)7; in 2023, DDG-91 became the first destroyer to receive SLQ-32(V)7.[123] They will then receive the SPY-6(V)4, Aegis Baseline 10, and cooling system upgrades during a later depot modernization period.[122]

Production restarted edit

 
A destroyer of the Zumwalt class, the next after the Arleigh Burke class. Only 3 ships out of 32 planned Zumwalts were built.

USS Michael Murphy (DDG-112) was originally intended to be the last of the Arleigh Burke class. The class was scheduled to be replaced by Zumwalt-class destroyers beginning in 2020.[124] However, an increasing threat from both long- and short-range missiles caused the Navy to restart production of the Arleigh Burke class[125] in place of the Zumwalt class and consider placing littoral combat mission modules on the new ships.[126][127][128] The U.S. Navy has been producing Arleigh Burke-class destroyers for longer than any other surface combatant class in the Navy's history.[129]

In April 2009, the Navy announced a plan limiting the Zumwalt class to three units while ordering another three Arleigh Burke-class ships from both Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding.[128] In December 2009, Northrop Grumman received a $170.7 million letter contract for USS John Finn (DDG-113) long-lead-time materials.[130] Shipbuilding contracts for DDG-113 to DDG-115 were awarded in mid-2011 for $679.6 million–$783.6 million;[131] these do not include government-furnished equipment such as weapons and sensors, which will take the average cost of the FY2011/12 ships to $1.843 billion per vessel.[1]

DDG-113 to DDG-115 are "restart" ships, similar to previous Flight IIA ships, but including modernization features such as OACE and the TB-37U MFTA, which are being backfit onto previous ships.[132]

Flight IIA Technology Insertion edit

DDG-116 to DDG-124 and DDG-127 will be "Technology Insertion" ships with elements of Flight III.[133][134] For example, USS Delbert D. Black (DDG-119) and onwards have the AN/SPQ-9B, a feature of Flight III, instead of the AN/SPS-67.[135] Flight III proper began with the third ship procured in 2016,[136] USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG-125).[137]

In spite of the production restart, the U.S. Navy is expected to fall short of its requirement for 94 destroyer or cruiser platforms capable of BMD by FY2025 and continuing past the end of the 30-year planning window. While this was a new requirement in 2011, and the U.S. Navy has never had so many large missile-armed surface combatants, the relative success of the Aegis BMD System has shifted this national security requirement onto the U.S. Navy. The shortfall will arise as older BMD-capable Ticonderoga-class cruisers are retired in bulk before new destroyers are planned to be built.[138]

The U.S. Navy was considering extending the acquisition of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers into the 2040s, according to revised procurement tables sent to Congress, with the procurement of Flight IV ships from 2032 through 2041.[139] This was canceled to cover the cost of the Columbia-class submarines, with the air defense commander role retained on one cruiser per carrier strike group.[140]

In April 2022, the Navy proposed a procurement plan for nine ships, with an option for a tenth, to build two ships a year from 2023 to 2027. Some lawmakers pushed to add a third ship to be built in 2023, bringing the total of the proposed deal to eleven ships. This would follow the Navy's two-ship per year procurement from 2018 to 2022.[141]

Flight III edit

 
USS Jack H. Lucas, the first Flight III destroyer, after her launch on 4 June 2021

In place of the canceled CG(X) program, the U.S. Navy began detailed design work on a DDG-51 Flight III design in FY2013.[142] The Navy planned to procure 24 Flight III ships from FY2016 to FY2031.[143] In June 2013, it awarded $6.2 billion in destroyer contracts.[144] Costs for the Flight III ships increased as requirements for the program grew, particularly related to the planned Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR) needed for the IAMD role.[145] An AMDR with a mid-diameter of 22 feet (6.7 m) was proposed for CG(X), while the DDG-51 Flight III design could carry an AMDR with a mid-diameter of only 14 feet (4.3 m).[146] The Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that the design would be "at best marginally effective" because of the "now-shrunken radar". The U.S. Navy disagreed with the GAO findings, stating that the DDG-51 hull was "absolutely" capable of fitting a large enough radar to meet requirements.[147]

The Flight III's AN/SPY-6 AMDR with a mid-diameter of 14 feet (4.3 m) uses an active electronically scanned array with digital beamforming, compared to the previous passive electronically scanned array AN/SPY-1D with a mid-diameter of 12 feet (3.7 m).[146][148][149] According to Raytheon, the contractor for the SPY-6, the 37-RMA SPY-6(V)1 offers a 15 dB improved sensitivity over SPY-1.[N 8][151] The Flight III's AMDR is integrated with Aegis Baseline 10.[152] The new radar also requires more power; the three-megawatt, 450 V AG9140 generators were upgraded to four-megawatt, 4,160 V AG9160 generators.[14][15] Additionally, the air conditioning plants were upgraded to increase the ships' cooling capacity.[153] The area near where the two rigid-hull inflatable boats (RHIBs) are stored was enclosed to accommodate additional crew, so the RHIBs are stacked.[154] Other modifications include replacement of the Halon-based fire suppression system with a water mist system and strengthening of the hull to support the design's additional weight.[153]

14 Flight III ships have been ordered,[155] and Flight III IOC is planned for 2024.[156] The U.S. Navy may procure up to 42 Flight III ships for an overall total of 117 ships of the class.[157]

Replacement edit

Main article: DDG(X)
 
DDG(X) concept from Program Executive Office Ships (PEO Ships) as presented in the 2022 Surface Navy Association symposium. The first ship of this class is planned to enter service around the year 2030.

In April 2014, the U.S. Navy began the development of a new destroyer to replace the Arleigh Burke class called the "Future Surface Combatant". The new class is expected to enter service in the early 2030s and initially serve alongside the Flight III DDGs. The destroyer class will incorporate emerging technologies like lasers, onboard power-generation systems, increased automation, and next-generation weapons, sensors, and electronics. They will leverage technologies from other platforms, such as the Zumwalt-class destroyer, littoral combat ships, and the Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier.[158]

The Future Surface Combatant may place importance on the Zumwalt-class destroyer's electric drive system that provides propulsion while generating 58 megawatts of electrical power, levels required to operate future directed energy weapons. Initial requirements for the Future Surface Combatant will emphasize lethality and survivability. The ships must also be modular to allow for inexpensive upgrades of weaponry, electronics, computing, and sensors over time as threats evolve.[158] The Future Surface Combatant has evolved into the Large Surface Combatant, which became the DDG(X).[159]

Operational history edit

 
USS Milius launches a TLAM toward Iraq, first days of the Iraq War in 2003

The class saw its first combat action through Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) strikes against Iraq.[160] Over 3 and 4 September 1996, USS Laboon and USS Russell launched 13 and eight TLAMs, respectively, as part of Operation Desert Strike.[161] In December 1998, Arleigh Burke-class destroyers again performed TLAM strikes as part of Operation Desert Fox.[162] Eleven Arleigh Burkes supported carrier strike groups engaged in Operation Iraqi Freedom, which included TLAM launches against ground targets during the operation's opening stages in 2003.[31][163]

In October 2011, the Navy announced that four Arleigh Burke-class destroyers would be forward-deployed in Europe to support the NATO missile defense system. The ships, to be based at Naval Station Rota, Spain, were named in February 2012 as Ross, Donald Cook, Porter, and Carney.[164] By reducing travel times to station, this forward deployment allows for six other destroyers to be shifted from the Atlantic in support of the Pivot to East Asia.[165] Russia threatened to quit the New START treaty over this deployment, calling it a threat to their nuclear deterrent.[166] In 2018, CNO Admiral John Richardson criticized the policy of keeping six highly mobile BMD platforms "in a little tiny box, defending land", a role that he believed could be performed equally well at less cost by shore-based systems.[167]

In October 2016, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers Mason and Nitze were deployed to the coast of Yemen after a UAE auxiliary ship was struck in an attack for which Houthi rebels claimed responsibility.[168] On 9 October, while in the Red Sea, Mason detected two anti-ship missiles headed toward herself and nearby USS Ponce fired from Houthi-controlled territory. Mason launched two SM-2s, one ESSM, and a Nulka decoy. One AShM was confirmed to have struck the water on its own, and it is unknown if the second missile was intercepted or hit the water on its own.[169] On 12 October, in the Bab el-Mandeb strait, Mason again detected an inbound anti-ship missile, which was intercepted at a range of 8 miles (13 km) by an SM-2.[170][171] On 13 October, Nitze conducted TLAM strikes destroying three Houthi radar sites used in the previous attacks.[172] Back in the Red Sea, Mason experienced a third attack on 15 October with five AShMs. She fired SM-2s and decoys, destroying or neutralizing four missiles. Nitze neutralized the fifth missile with a radar decoy.[171][173]

On 7 April 2017, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers Ross and Porter conducted a TLAM strike against Shayrat Airfield, Syria, in response to Syrian President Bashar Assad's chemical attack on his people three days prior.[174] The ships fired a total of 59 Tomahawk missiles.[175] On 14 April 2018, Laboon and Higgins conducted another TLAM strike against Syria. They fired seven and 23 TLAMs, respectively. The strike targeted chemical weapon sites as part of a continued effort against Assad's use of chemical warfare.[176] The Arleigh Burke-class destroyers Donald Cook and Winston S. Churchill took positions in the Mediterranean prior to the 2018 strike to mislead defending forces.[177]

In October and November 2023, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers Carney and Thomas Hudner, while deployed in the Red Sea, shot down numerous drones and missiles. On 19 October, Carney shot down at least three cruise missiles and eight drones that were potentially targeting Israel.[178] On 15 and 22 November, Thomas Hudner shot down numerous drones launched by Houthi rebels from Yemen.[179] On 27 November, Carney detected two ballistic missile launches from Houthi-controlled territory headed towards herself and nearby M/V Central Park; they splashed ten 10 nautical miles away.[180] On 29 November, Carney intercepted another Houthi missile.[181]

Accidents and major incidents edit

USS Cole bombing edit

Main article: USS Cole bombing
 
USS Cole being towed from the port city of Aden after the bombing. Blast damage to the hull is visible mid-ship.

USS Cole was damaged on 12 October 2000 in Aden, Yemen, while docked by an attack in which a shaped charge of 200–300 kg in a boat was placed against the hull and detonated by suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members. The ship was repaired and returned to duty in 2001.[182]

USS Porter and MV Otowasan collision edit

See also: USS Porter (DDG-78) § 2012 collision

On 12 August 2012, USS Porter collided with the oil tanker MV Otowasan near the Strait of Hormuz; there were no injuries. The U.S. Navy removed Porter's commanding officer from duty. Repairs took two months at a cost of $700,000.[183]

USS Fitzgerald and MV ACX Crystal collision edit

Main article: USS Fitzgerald and MV ACX Crystal collision

On 17 June 2017, USS Fitzgerald (DDG-62) collided with the MV ACX Crystal cargo ship near Yokosuka, Japan. Seven sailors drowned. Following an investigation, the ship's commanding officer, executive officer, and Command Master Chief Petty Officer were relieved of their duties. In addition, close to a dozen sailors were given non-judicial punishment for losing situational awareness. Repairs were originally to be completed by the summer of 2019. However, initial repairs were made by February 2020. After the subsequent sea trials, she was brought in for additional repairs. The ship departed for her home port in June 2020.[184]

USS John S. McCain and Alnic MC collision edit

Main article: USS John S. McCain and Alnic MC collision

On 21 August 2017, USS John S. McCain collided with the container ship Alnic MC. The collision injured 48 sailors and killed 10, whose bodies were all recovered by 27 August. The cause of the collision was determined to be poor communication between the two ships and the bridge crew lacking situational awareness. In the aftermath, the ship's top leadership, including the commanding officer, executive officer, and Command Master Chief Petty Officer, were removed from command. In addition, top leadership of the U.S. Seventh Fleet, including the commander, Vice Admiral Joseph Aucoin, were relieved of their duties due to a loss of confidence in their ability to command. Other commanders who were relieved included Rear Admiral Charles Williams, commander of Task Force 70, and Captain Jeffrey Bennett, commodore of Destroyer Squadron 15. This was the third incident involving a U.S. Navy ship in 2017, with a repair cost of over $100 million.[185]

Contractors edit

Ships in class edit

Main article: List of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers

Derivatives edit

Destroyer classes based on the Arleigh Burke have been adopted by the following naval forces:[186][187]

In popular culture edit

The 2009 film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen features USS Preble.[191][failed verification]

The 2012 film Battleship features USS John Paul Jones, USS Benfold, and USS Sampson.[192]

The 2013 film Captain Phillips features USS Truxtun, which stood in for the ship from the true event, USS Bainbridge.[193]

The 2014 television series The Last Ship, loosely based on the 1988 novel of the same name, is set on the fictional USS Nathan James.[194] Its hull designation in the book is DDG-80, but it was changed to DDG-151 for the television series to avoid confusion with the real-life USS Roosevelt, which did not exist when the book was written. USS Halsey (DDG-97), a Flight IIA Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, stood in for Nathan James during filming.[195]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ As of 2023, ODIN is deployed on five ships of the class.
  2. ^ As of 2023, SeaRAM is deployed on eight ships of the class.
  3. ^ The 5-inch/62-caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 can fire a munition called the Cargo Round, which gives the Mod 4 a range of over 20 nautical miles (37 km).[64][65]
  4. ^ According to Polmar, the Harpoon launchers were removed to save weight.[27] According to Wertheim, the Harpoon launchers were removed to save costs.[32]
  5. ^ Integrated Air and Missile Defense refers to the ability to simultaneously perform anti-air warfare and ballistic missile defense.
  6. ^ Littoral combat refers to naval operations near shores.
  7. ^ The AN/SPY-6 is a scalable system made up of radar module assemblies (RMAs), self-contained 2'x2'x2' radar boxes. Different numbers of RMAs can be combined to create different-sized variants of the SPY-6.[121] Due to the smaller superstructure of Flight IIA ships compared to Flight III ships, the radar implementation will be scaled down from the Flight III's version (24-RMA SPY-6(V)4 vs. 37-RMA SPY-6(V)1).[50]
  8. ^ Decibels (dB) can be used as a measure of a radar's dynamic range, or sensitivity.[150] An increase in sensitivity of 15 dB enables the detection of objects "half the size at twice the distance."[151]

References edit

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Further reading edit

External links edit

 
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December 13, 2023
arleigh, burke, class, destroyer, arleigh, burke, class, guided, missile, destroyers, ddgs, united, states, navy, class, destroyer, centered, around, aegis, combat, system, multi, function, passive, electronically, scanned, array, radar, class, named, admiral,. The Arleigh Burke class of guided missile destroyers DDGs is a United States Navy class of destroyer centered around the Aegis Combat System and the SPY 1D multi function passive electronically scanned array radar The class is named for Admiral Arleigh Burke an American destroyer officer in World War II and later Chief of Naval Operations With an overall length of 505 to 509 5 feet 153 9 to 155 3 m displacement ranging from 8 300 to 9 700 tons and weaponry including over 90 missiles the Arleigh Burke class destroyers are larger and more heavily armed than many previous classes of guided missile cruisers USS Arleigh Burke the lead ship of the class in 2013Class overviewNameArleigh Burke classBuildersIngalls Shipbuilding Bath Iron WorksOperators United States NavyPreceded byKidd class Spruance classSucceeded byZumwalt class DDG X CostUS 1 843 billion per ship DDG 114 116 FY2011 12 1 Built1988 presentIn commission1991 presentPlanned92On order9Building10Completed73Active73Retired0General characteristicsTypeGuided missile destroyerDisplacementFully loaded Flight I 8 300 long tons 8 400 t 2 Flight II 8 400 long tons 8 500 t 3 Flight IIA 9 500 long tons 9 700 t 4 Flight III 9 700 long tons 9 900 t 5 LengthFlights I amp II 505 ft 154 m 7 Flights IIA amp III 509 5 ft 155 3 m 7 Beam66 ft 20 m 2 Draft31 ft 9 4 m 2 Installed powerFlights I IIA 3 Rolls Royce AG9140 Generators 3 000 kW 4 000 hp each 450 V Flight III 3 Rolls Royce AG9160 Generators 4 000 kW 5 400 hp each 4 160 V 14 15 Propulsion4 General Electric LM2500 gas turbines each generating 26 250 bhp 19 570 kW 6 coupled to two shafts each driving a five bladed reversible controllable pitch propeller Total output 105 000 bhp 78 000 kW SpeedIn excess of 30 knots 56 km h 35 mph 7 Range4 400 nmi 8 100 km 5 100 mi at 20 knots 37 km h 23 mph 2 Boats amp landing craft carried2 rigid hull inflatable boats 13 ComplementFlight I 303 total 8 Flight IIA 23 officers 300 enlisted 8 Sensors and processing systemsAN SPY 1D PESA 3D radar Flight I II IIA AN SPY 6 V 1 AESA 3D radar Flight III AN SPS 67 V 3 or V 5 surface search radar DDG 51 DDG 118 AN SPQ 9B surface search and fire control radar DDG 119 onwards AN SPS 73 V 12 surface search navigation radar DDG 51 DDG 86 BridgeMaster E surface search navigation radar DDG 87 onwards 3 AN SPG 62 fire control radar Mk 46 optical sight system Flight I II IIA 10 Mk 20 electro optical sight system Flight III 11 AN SQQ 89 ASW combat system consisting of AN SQS 53C sonar array AN SQR 19 tactical towed array sonar Flight I II IIA TB 37U multi function towed array sonar DDG 113 onwards AN SQQ 28 LAMPS III shipboard systemElectronic warfare amp decoysAN SLQ 32 electronic warfare suites AN SLQ 25 Nixie torpedo countermeasures Mk 36 Mod 12 decoy launching systems Mk 53 Nulka decoy launching systems Mk 59 decoy launching systems 12 ArmamentGuns DDG 51 to 80 1 5 inch 127 mm 54 Mk 45 Mod 1 2 lightweight gun DDG 81 onwards 1 5 inch 62 Mk 45 Mod 4 lightweight gun DDG 51 to 84 2 20 mm 0 8 in Phalanx CIWS DDG 85 onwards 1 20 mm Phalanx CIWS 2 25 mm 0 98 in Mk 38 machine gun system 1 Optical Dazzling Interdictor Navy N 1 DDG 88 1 High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical dazzler with Surveillance Missiles 2 Mk 141 Harpoon anti ship missile launcher Flights I amp II only Flights I amp II 1 29 cell 1 61 cell 90 total cells Mk 41 vertical launching system Flights IIA amp III 1 32 cell 1 64 cell 96 total cells Mk 41 vertical launching system RIM 66M surface to air missile RIM 156 surface to air missile RIM 174A standard ERAM RIM 161 anti ballistic missile BMD equipped ships RIM 162 ESSM quad packed configuration BGM 109 Tomahawk cruise missile RUM 139 vertical launch ASROC1 SeaRAM N 2 Torpedoes 2 Mark 32 triple torpedo tubes Mark 46 lightweight torpedo Mark 50 lightweight torpedo Mark 54 lightweight torpedoArmor130 tons of Kevlar splinter protection around vital areas 9 Aircraft carriedFlights I amp II None Flights IIA amp III Up to two MH 60R Seahawk LAMPS III helicoptersAviation facilitiesFlights I amp II Flight deck only but LAMPS III electronics installed on landing deck for coordinated DDG 51 helo ASW operations Flights IIA amp III Flight deck and enclosed hangars for two MH 60R LAMPS III helicoptersThese warships are multi mission destroyers able to conduct anti aircraft warfare with Aegis and surface to air missiles tactical land strikes with Tomahawk missiles anti submarine warfare ASW with towed array sonar anti submarine rockets and ASW helicopters and anti surface warfare ASuW with ship to ship missiles and guns With upgrades to their AN SPY 1 radar systems and their associated missile payloads as part of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System as well as the introduction of the AN SPY 6 radar system the class has also evolved capability as mobile anti ballistic missile and anti satellite platforms The lead ship of the class USS Arleigh Burke was commissioned during Admiral Burke s lifetime on 4 July 1991 With the decommissioning of the last Spruance class destroyer USS Cushing on 21 September 2005 the Arleigh Burke class ships became the U S Navy s only active destroyers until the Zumwalt class became active in 2016 The Arleigh Burke class has the longest production run of any U S Navy surface combatant As of October 2023 all seventy three built are active with nineteen more planned to enter service Contents 1 Characteristics 1 1 Variants 1 2 Structure 1 3 Passive defenses 1 4 Weapon systems 1 5 Aircraft 2 Development 2 1 Origins and Flight I 2 2 Flight II 2 3 Flight IIA 2 4 Modernization 2 5 Production restarted 2 6 Flight IIA Technology Insertion 2 7 Flight III 3 Replacement 4 Operational history 5 Accidents and major incidents 5 1 USS Cole bombing 5 2 USS Porter and MV Otowasan collision 5 3 USS Fitzgerald and MV ACX Crystal collision 5 4 USS John S McCain and Alnic MC collision 6 Contractors 7 Ships in class 8 Derivatives 9 In popular culture 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 12 1 Citations 12 2 Bibliography 13 Further reading 14 External linksCharacteristics editVariants edit The Arleigh Burke class destroyer has four variants referred to as Flights Newer Flights incorporate technological advancements 2 Flight I DDGs 51 71 Flight II DDGs 72 78 Flight IIA DDGs 79 124 and DDG 127 Flight III DDGs 125 126 and DDG 128 onwards 7 nbsp Flight I ship USS Fitzgerald with Tactical Towed Array Sonar TACTAS in the center of the fantail Harpoon missile launchers distinctive stacks and no helicopter hangars nbsp Flight IIA ship USS Mustin without TACTAS and no Harpoon launchers but with helicopter hangars and new exhaust stacks design nbsp Flight III ship USS Jack H Lucas showing the larger AN SPY 6 arrays stacked rigid hull inflatable boats and slight exhaust stack modificationsStructure edit The Arleigh Burke class ships are among the largest destroyers built in the United States 16 only the Spruance Kidd 563 ft or 172 m and Zumwalt classes 600 ft or 180 m are longer The Arleigh Burke class was designed with a new large water plane area hull form characterized by a wide flaring bow which significantly improves seakeeping ability and permits high speed in high sea states 2 The class s design incorporates stealth techniques such as the angled rather than traditional vertical surfaces and the raked tripod mainmast 17 which make the ship more difficult to detect by radar Its designers incorporated lessons from the Ticonderoga class cruiser which the Navy deemed too expensive to continue building and difficult to upgrade further 18 For these destroyers the U S Navy returned to all steel construction except the mast made of aluminum 19 The Ticonderogas had combined a steel hull with a superstructure made of lighter aluminum to reduce top weight but the lighter metal proved vulnerable to cracking Aluminum is also less fire resistant than steel 20 a 1975 fire aboard USS Belknap gutted her aluminum superstructure 21 Battle damage to Royal Navy ships exacerbated by their aluminum superstructures during the 1982 Falklands War supported the decision to use steel Other lessons from the Falklands War led to the Navy s decision to protect the Arleigh Burke class s vital spaces with double spaced steel layers which create a buffer against anti ship missiles AShMs and Kevlar spall liners 22 Passive defenses edit Arleigh Burke destroyers are equipped with AN SLQ 32 electronic warfare EW suites that provide electronic support 2 Vessels with the SLQ 32 V 3 SLQ 32 V 6 or SLQ 32 V 7 variant have an additional capability to jam targeting and AShM guidance radar 23 24 nbsp Mark 36 SRBOC fires a chaff decoy from USS StoutThe destroyers have Mark 36 infrared and chaff decoy launchers as well as Nulka decoy launchers for spoofing incoming anti ship missiles 25 26 For defeating incoming torpedoes the class has two Nixie towed countermeasures 27 The ships Prairie Maskers can reduce their radiated noise 28 A collective protection system makes the Arleigh Burke class the first U S warships designed with an air filtration system against nuclear biological and chemical warfare NBC 29 Other NBC defenses include double air locked hatches pressurized compartments and an external countermeasure washdown system 30 The class s electronics are hardened against electromagnetic pulses 31 Fire suppression equipment includes water sprinklers in the living quarters and combat information center CIC 22 The CIC is below the waterline 19 Weapon systems edit The Arleigh Burke class are multi mission ships 8 with numerous combat systems including anti aircraft missiles land attack missiles ship to ship missiles and an anti submarine warfare ASW system 22 Missiles are stored in and fired from Mark 41 Vertical Launching System VLS cells with 90 cells on Flights I II and 96 cells starting with Flight IIA 32 the Arleigh Burkes are more heavily armed than many preceding guided missile cruiser classes 16 The Arleigh Burke class destroyer is equipped with the Aegis Combat System which combines information from the ship s sensors to display a coherent image of the environment and guides weapons to targets using advanced tracking and fire control 33 Their main radar differs from traditional mechanically rotating radars Instead Aegis uses the AN SPY 1D passive electronically scanned array or the AN SPY 6 active electronically scanned array on Flight III ships which allows continual tracking of targets simultaneous to area scans The system s computer control also allows centralization of the previously separate tracking and targeting functions The system is resistant to electronic countermeasures 34 35 36 nbsp USS The Sullivans foreground and other ships conducting a coordinated SM 2MR launchThe Standard Missile SM 2MR ER and SM 6 provide area air defense though they may also be used in a secondary ASuW role 37 The SM 2 uses semi active radar homing SARH meaning that up to three targets may be simultaneously intercepted since the Arleigh Burkes have three AN SPG 62 fire control radars for terminal target illumination 38 8 The SM 6 which provides over the horizon defense 39 and the SM 2 Block IIIC feature a dual mode seeker with active radar homing ARH capability they do not have to rely on external illumination so more targets could theoretically be intercepted simultaneously 40 41 Flights IIA and III and modernized Flight I and II ships can carry RIM 162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missiles ESSMs 42 43 44 which provide medium range air defense and are also capable of targeting other ships ESSM is small enough to be quad packed into a single Mk 41 VLS cell ESSM Block 1 uses SARH guided similarly to older SM 2s ESSM Block 2 features a dual mode seeker with ARH capability and it was scheduled for initial operating capability IOC in 2020 45 The SM 3 SM 6 and SM 2ER Block IV provide Ballistic Missile Defense BMD the SM 3 being an exoatmospheric interceptor 46 and the latter two having terminal phase anti ballistic capability 47 39 So vital has the Aegis BMD role become that all ships of the class are being updated with BMD capability 48 By August 2021 there were 42 BMD capable Arleigh Burke class destroyers 49 Flight III ships have been delivered since 2023 with AN SPY 6 V 1 radars and improved BMD capabilities Flight IIA ships are also planned to receive these upgrades with AN SPY 6 V 4 radar retrofits 50 Flights I and II carry two stand alone Harpoon anti ship missile launchers for a total of four or eight Harpoons 51 giving them an anti ship capability with a range in excess of 64 nautical miles 119 km 74 mi 2 The class can perform tactical land strikes with VLS launched Tomahawks 2 With the development of the Tomahawk Block V all existing Block IV Tomahawks carried will be converted to the Block V The Tomahawk Block Va version is called the Maritime Strike version and it provides anti ship capability in addition to its land attack role The Block Vb version features the Joint Multi Effects Warhead System for hitting a wider variety of land targets 52 53 nbsp USS Preble shooting a Mark 46 torpedoArleigh Burke class ships feature the Navy s latest AN SQQ 89 ASW combat system which is integrated with Aegis It encompasses the AN SQS 53C bow mounted sonar and a towed array sonar though several Flight IIA ships do not have a towed array 54 The towed array is either the AN SQR 19 Tactical Towed Array Sonar TACTAS or the newer TB 37U Multi Function Towed Array MFTA The ships carry standoff RUM 139 anti submarine rockets which have a range of 22 km and deploy the Mark 54 ASW torpedo For short range defense against submarines they have two Mark 32 triple torpedo tubes one to the port side and one to the starboard side that can fire the Mark 46 Mark 50 and Mark 54 ASW torpedoes The ships can detect anti ship mines at a range of about 1 400 meters 55 56 All ships of the class are fitted with at least one Phalanx close in weapon system CIWS which provides point defense against air and surface threats Eight ships DDG 51 DDG 64 DDG 71 DDG 75 DDG 78 DDG 80 DDG 84 DDG 117 are equipped with one SeaRAM CIWS to improve their self defense 57 58 59 60 61 Arleigh Burkes can also carry two 25 mm Mk 38 machine gun systems one on each side of the ship designed to counter fast surface craft 62 There are numerous mounts for crew served weapons like the M2 Browning 63 nbsp USS Forrest Sherman in 2007 test firing her new 5 62 caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 gun located forward of her 32 cell missile pack moduleLocated on the forward deck is the 5 inch 127 mm Mark 45 gun Directed by the Mark 34 Gun Weapon System it can be used in anti ship anti air and naval gunfire support roles It can fire 16 20 rounds per minute and has a range of 13 nautical miles 24 km N 3 66 Arleigh Burkes can stow 680 5 inch rounds 67 64 nbsp USS Kidd DDG 100 near Naval Base San Diego with front ODIN systemAs of 2023 five destroyers DDG 100 DDG 105 DDG 106 DDG 111 DDG 113 are equipped with the Optical Dazzling Interdictor Navy ODIN a directed energy weapon that can target unmanned vehicles 68 69 70 DDG 88 is equipped with the higher power High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical dazzler with Surveillance HELIOS 71 Aircraft edit nbsp MH 60 Seahawk above USS Bulkeley s flight deckFlights IIA and III are equipped with two hangars for stowing MH 60 helicopters Their Light Airborne Multi Purpose System LAMPS helicopter system improves the ship s capabilities by enabling the MH 60 to monitor submarines and surface ships launch torpedoes and missiles against them and provide fire support during insertions extractions with machine guns and Hellfire anti armor guided missiles The helicopters also serve in a utility role able to perform vertical replenishment search and rescue medical evacuation communications relay and naval gunfire spotting and controlling 72 In March 2022 an Arleigh Burke destroyer was deployed with an AAI Aerosonde unmanned aerial vehicle UAV The aircraft is under demonstration for Flight I and II ships which do not have accommodations for permanently storing helicopters The Aerosonde has a small enough footprint to be stowed on those destroyers It can perform missions such as intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance at a much lower cost than manned helicopters 73 Development editOrigins and Flight I edit The Chief of Naval Operations CNO from 1970 to 1974 Admiral Elmo Zumwalt sought to improve the U S fleet through modernization at minimal cost Zumwalt advocated for a high low mix philosophy He envisioned the high low mix as constituted by a few high end high cost warships and numerous low end low cost warships The introduction of the Aegis equipped Ticonderoga class cruiser in the early 1980s filled the high end The Navy started work to develop a lower cost Aegis equipped vessel to fill the low end and replace the aging Charles F Adams destroyers 74 75 76 In 1980 the U S Navy initiated design studies with seven contractors By 1983 the number of competitors had been reduced to three Bath Iron Works Ingalls Shipbuilding and Todd Shipyards 29 On 3 April 1985 Bath Iron Works received a US 321 9 million contract to build the first of the class USS Arleigh Burke 77 Gibbs amp Cox was awarded the contract to be the lead ship design agent 78 The Navy contracted Ingalls Shipbuilding to build the second ship 79 Political restraints led to design restrictions including the absence of helicopter hangars a displacement limit of 8 300 tons and a 50 foot shorter hull than the Ticonderoga s The designers were forced to make compromises such as a wide flaring bow To compensate for the limited length the originally planned 80 000 shaft horsepower shp LM2500 gas turbines were upgraded to 100 000 shp 74 No main gun was included in the original design later amended to include an OTO Melara 76 mm before finally selecting the 5 inch 54 caliber Mark 45 9 76 Despite their constraints the designers benefitted from insight gained from previous classes for example they chose an all steel superstructure to improve survivability 22 The total cost of the first ship was 1 1 billion the other 778 million being for the ship s weapons systems 77 USS Arleigh Burke was laid down by the Bath Iron Works at Bath Maine on 6 December 1988 and launched on 16 September 1989 by Mrs Arleigh Burke The Admiral himself was present at her commissioning ceremony on 4 July 1991 held on the waterfront in downtown Norfolk Virginia 74 Orders for Flight I ships continued through 1995 Flight II edit The Flight II iteration of the class was introduced in FY1992 2 The incorporation of the AN SRS 1A V Combat Direction Finding enhanced detection of signals 80 The TADIX B JTIDS Command and Control Processor and Link 16 improved communication with other assets 81 The SLQ 32 EW suite was upgraded to V 3 and the SPS 67 V 3 surface search radar was upgraded to V 5 82 Flight II also gained the capability to launch and control the SM 2ER Block IV 83 An expansion of fuel capacity slightly increased the displacement 19 Flight IIA edit nbsp Profile of Flight IIA Arleigh Burke class destroyerThe Flight IIA design was first procured in FY1994 84 Among the additions are two hangars and support facilities for ASW helicopters Cooperative Engagement Capability CEC 83 the Kingfisher mine detection system and five blast resistant bulkheads 32 To accommodate the hangars the length was increased to 509 5 ft 155 3 m and the rear facing SPY 1D arrays are mounted one deck eight feet higher to prevent a blind spot 85 Flight IIA also replaced retractable missile loading cranes on the forward and aft VLS with a total of six additional cells The propellers are of a different design to reduce cavitation 86 New fiber optics helped minimize weight gain and improve reliability 87 Systems omitted from Flight IIA include the Harpoon missile launchers N 4 and starting with USS McCampbell DDG 85 the forward Phalanx CIWS 88 Flight IIA ships were initially built without the AN SQR 19 TACTAS 54 though later units were subsequently installed with TACTAS 85 Starting with USS Winston S Churchill DDG 81 the longer 5 inch 62 caliber 127 mm Mark 45 Mod 4 gun was installed 32 Later Flight IIA ships starting with USS Mason DDG 87 use the BridgeMaster E as their navigation radar instead of the AN SPS 73 V 12 89 Subsequent Flight IIA ships employ additional signature reduction measures the hangars of DDG 86 onwards are made of composite materials and the exhaust funnels of DDG 89 onwards are buried within the superstructure 32 The use of the improved SPY 1D V radar starting with USS Pinckney DDG 91 enhances the ships ability to filter out clutter and resist electronic attack 90 nbsp USS Momsen 2006 with torpedo tubes mounted on aft missile deck rather than earlier amidships mounting superstructure changes to accommodate an AN WLD 1 holding bay and lacking CIWSSeveral Flight IIA ships were constructed without any Phalanx CIWS because of the planned Evolved SeaSparrow Missile the Navy had initially decided that ESSM made Phalanx redundant 32 However the Navy later changed its mind and decided to retrofit all IIA ships to carry at least one Phalanx CIWS by 2013 88 DDGs 91 96 USS Pinckney USS Momsen USS Chung Hoon USS Nitze USS James E Williams and USS Bainbridge were built with superstructure differences to accommodate the AN WLD 1 Remote Minehunting System RMS 91 However only Pinckney Momsen and Bainbridge were installed with the system before the RMS program was canceled 27 Modernization edit Efforts to modernize the Arleigh Burke class began amid congressional concerns over the retirement of the Iowa class battleship In 1996 the Navy began a program to field the Extended Range Guided Munition ERGM for the DDG 51 class 92 The ERGM was to extend the class s 5 inch Mark 45 gun range to 63 nautical miles 117 km It necessitated a modification of the gun the 62 caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 was created and installed on DDG 81 and onwards in anticipation of the ERGM 93 32 However the ERGM was canceled in 2008 94 The current DDG 51 modernization program is designed to provide mid life upgrades to ensure the destroyers remain effective with service lives of at least 35 years 95 Modernization of existing ships provides commonality with in production ships The program s goals are reduced manning increased mission effectiveness and reduced total cost 8 Mid life modernization of Flight I and II ships is done in two phases the first phase updates the hull mechanical and electrical HM amp E systems while the second phase focuses on Aegis Combat System upgrades and introduces an Open Architecture Computing Environment OACE 44 By 2017 modernization technologies were introduced to production ships and the Navy started modernization of Flight IIA ships through a single process combining both phases of upgrading 95 The capabilities of modernized destroyers include CEC Integrated Air and Missile Defense IAMD N 5 ESSM support improved electronic support capability with Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program SEWIP Block 2 improved data processing with Boeing s Gigabit Ethernet Data Multiplex System 96 and improvements to littoral combat N 6 97 44 nbsp Combat information center aboard USS John S McCainIn July 2010 BAE Systems announced it had been awarded a contract to modernize 11 ships 98 In May 2014 USNI News reported that 21 of the 28 Flight I and II Arleigh Burke class destroyers would not receive the full mid life upgrade that included electronics and Aegis Baseline 9 software for SM 6 compatibility instead they would retain the basic BMD 3 6 1 software in a 170 million upgrade concentrating on HM amp E systems and on some ships their anti submarine suite 99 100 Seven Flight I ships DDGs 51 53 57 61 65 69 received the full 270 million Baseline 9 upgrade 99 Deputy of surface warfare Dave McFarland said that this change was due to the budget cuts in the Budget Control Act of 2011 101 In 2016 the Navy announced it would begin outfitting 34 Flight IIA Arleigh Burke vessels with a hybrid electric drive HED to lower fuel costs The four LM2500 gas turbines of the Arleigh Burkes are most efficient at high speeds an electric motor was to be attached to the main reduction gear to turn the drive shaft and propel the ship at speeds under 13 knots 24 km h such as during BMD or maritime security operations Use of the HED for half the time could extend time on station by 2 5 days before refueling 102 In March 2018 the Navy announced the HED would be installed on USS Truxtun DDG 103 to test the technology but upgrades of further destroyers would be halted due to changed budget priorities 103 nbsp USS Cole left and two other Arleigh Burke class destroyers docked at Naval Station Norfolk in July 2009Also in 2016 four destroyers of the U S 6th Fleet based in Naval Station Rota Spain USS Carney USS Ross USS Donald Cook and USS Porter received self protection upgrades replacing one of their two Phalanx CIWS with a SeaRAM CIWS which combines the Phalanx sensor dome with an 11 cell RIM 116 launcher This was the first time the system was paired with an Aegis ship 104 Another four ships USS Arleigh Burke USS Roosevelt USS Bulkeley and USS Paul Ignatius have since been forward deployed to Rota and also received a SeaRAM 58 59 60 61 In February 2018 Lockheed Martin received a contract to deliver its High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical dazzler with Surveillance HELIOS system for installation onto an Arleigh Burke destroyer HELIOS is a 60 kW class laser scalable to 120 kW that can dazzle or destroy small boats and UAVs up to 8 0 km 5 mi away 105 106 It would be the first laser weapon put on a warship 107 108 In November 2019 USS Dewey DDG 105 had the Optical Dazzling Interdictor Navy ODIN system installed ODIN differs from the XN 1 LaWS previously mounted on USS Ponce in that ODIN functions as a dazzler which blinds or destroys optical sensors on drones rather than shooting down the aircraft 109 110 HELIOS was delivered to the Navy in August 2022 and installed on USS Preble DDG 88 Preble is expected to begin at sea testing of the HELIOS in FY2023 71 Also by 2018 all Arleigh Burke class ships homeported in the Western Pacific were scheduled to have upgraded ASW systems including the TB 37U MFTA replacing the AN SQR 19 TACTAS 111 112 In FY2019 the Navy started a program to procure the Mod 4 variant of the Mark 38 machine gun system 113 to address unmanned aerial systems UAS and high speed maneuverable unmanned surface vehicle USV threats 114 Mod 4 will incorporate the 30 mm Mk44 Bushmaster II instead of the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster of previous variants 115 for increased accuracy lethality and effective range The Mk 38 Mod 4 was scheduled to achieve IOC on Arleigh Burke class destroyers in FY2022 114 and it will be fielded on Flights IIA and III 116 In October 2020 National Security Advisor Robert C O Brien said that all three Flights of the Arleigh Burke class destroyer would field the Common Hypersonic Glide Body C HGB missile developed under the Conventional Prompt Strike program However the C HGB is expected to be around 3 ft 0 91 m wide making it too large to fit in Mk 41 VLS tubes or on deck launchers Installing them on Arleigh Burke destroyers would require removing some Mk 41 cells to accommodate the larger weapon an expensive and time consuming process 117 118 There is criticism of this idea the oldest Flight I ships would need a service life extension to justify refit costs that would only prolong their service lives a short time when they are already more expensive to operate and the newest Flight III ships that are optimized for BMD would be given a new complex mission requiring a major refit shortly after introduction 119 About 20 Flight IIA destroyers will undergo further modernization under the DDG MOD 2 0 program 120 DDG MOD 2 0 will backfit SPY 6 V 4 and Aegis Baseline 10 to provide similar capabilities to Flight III ships N 7 as well as upgrade cooling systems to support the new radar DDG MOD 2 0 will also deliver the AN SLQ 32 V 7 EW suite which adds the SEWIP Block 3 electronic attack subsystem 24 122 In May 2021 the Navy approved a Smart Start Plan for four ships DDGs 91 93 95 97 to make a gradual transition to DDG MOD 2 0 These ships will undergo a DDG MOD 1 5 phase that provides the SLQ 32 V 7 in 2023 DDG 91 became the first destroyer to receive SLQ 32 V 7 123 They will then receive the SPY 6 V 4 Aegis Baseline 10 and cooling system upgrades during a later depot modernization period 122 Production restarted edit nbsp A destroyer of the Zumwalt class the next after the Arleigh Burke class Only 3 ships out of 32 planned Zumwalts were built USS Michael Murphy DDG 112 was originally intended to be the last of the Arleigh Burke class The class was scheduled to be replaced by Zumwalt class destroyers beginning in 2020 124 However an increasing threat from both long and short range missiles caused the Navy to restart production of the Arleigh Burke class 125 in place of the Zumwalt class and consider placing littoral combat mission modules on the new ships 126 127 128 The U S Navy has been producing Arleigh Burke class destroyers for longer than any other surface combatant class in the Navy s history 129 In April 2009 the Navy announced a plan limiting the Zumwalt class to three units while ordering another three Arleigh Burke class ships from both Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding 128 In December 2009 Northrop Grumman received a 170 7 million letter contract for USS John Finn DDG 113 long lead time materials 130 Shipbuilding contracts for DDG 113 to DDG 115 were awarded in mid 2011 for 679 6 million 783 6 million 131 these do not include government furnished equipment such as weapons and sensors which will take the average cost of the FY2011 12 ships to 1 843 billion per vessel 1 DDG 113 to DDG 115 are restart ships similar to previous Flight IIA ships but including modernization features such as OACE and the TB 37U MFTA which are being backfit onto previous ships 132 Flight IIA Technology Insertion edit DDG 116 to DDG 124 and DDG 127 will be Technology Insertion ships with elements of Flight III 133 134 For example USS Delbert D Black DDG 119 and onwards have the AN SPQ 9B a feature of Flight III instead of the AN SPS 67 135 Flight III proper began with the third ship procured in 2016 136 USS Jack H Lucas DDG 125 137 In spite of the production restart the U S Navy is expected to fall short of its requirement for 94 destroyer or cruiser platforms capable of BMD by FY2025 and continuing past the end of the 30 year planning window While this was a new requirement in 2011 and the U S Navy has never had so many large missile armed surface combatants the relative success of the Aegis BMD System has shifted this national security requirement onto the U S Navy The shortfall will arise as older BMD capable Ticonderoga class cruisers are retired in bulk before new destroyers are planned to be built 138 The U S Navy was considering extending the acquisition of Arleigh Burke class destroyers into the 2040s according to revised procurement tables sent to Congress with the procurement of Flight IV ships from 2032 through 2041 139 This was canceled to cover the cost of the Columbia class submarines with the air defense commander role retained on one cruiser per carrier strike group 140 In April 2022 the Navy proposed a procurement plan for nine ships with an option for a tenth to build two ships a year from 2023 to 2027 Some lawmakers pushed to add a third ship to be built in 2023 bringing the total of the proposed deal to eleven ships This would follow the Navy s two ship per year procurement from 2018 to 2022 141 Flight III edit nbsp USS Jack H Lucas the first Flight III destroyer after her launch on 4 June 2021In place of the canceled CG X program the U S Navy began detailed design work on a DDG 51 Flight III design in FY2013 142 The Navy planned to procure 24 Flight III ships from FY2016 to FY2031 143 In June 2013 it awarded 6 2 billion in destroyer contracts 144 Costs for the Flight III ships increased as requirements for the program grew particularly related to the planned Air and Missile Defense Radar AMDR needed for the IAMD role 145 An AMDR with a mid diameter of 22 feet 6 7 m was proposed for CG X while the DDG 51 Flight III design could carry an AMDR with a mid diameter of only 14 feet 4 3 m 146 The Government Accountability Office GAO found that the design would be at best marginally effective because of the now shrunken radar The U S Navy disagreed with the GAO findings stating that the DDG 51 hull was absolutely capable of fitting a large enough radar to meet requirements 147 The Flight III s AN SPY 6 AMDR with a mid diameter of 14 feet 4 3 m uses an active electronically scanned array with digital beamforming compared to the previous passive electronically scanned array AN SPY 1D with a mid diameter of 12 feet 3 7 m 146 148 149 According to Raytheon the contractor for the SPY 6 the 37 RMA SPY 6 V 1 offers a 15 dB improved sensitivity over SPY 1 N 8 151 The Flight III s AMDR is integrated with Aegis Baseline 10 152 The new radar also requires more power the three megawatt 450 V AG9140 generators were upgraded to four megawatt 4 160 V AG9160 generators 14 15 Additionally the air conditioning plants were upgraded to increase the ships cooling capacity 153 The area near where the two rigid hull inflatable boats RHIBs are stored was enclosed to accommodate additional crew so the RHIBs are stacked 154 Other modifications include replacement of the Halon based fire suppression system with a water mist system and strengthening of the hull to support the design s additional weight 153 14 Flight III ships have been ordered 155 and Flight III IOC is planned for 2024 156 The U S Navy may procure up to 42 Flight III ships for an overall total of 117 ships of the class 157 Replacement editMain article DDG X nbsp DDG X concept from Program Executive Office Ships PEO Ships as presented in the 2022 Surface Navy Association symposium The first ship of this class is planned to enter service around the year 2030 In April 2014 the U S Navy began the development of a new destroyer to replace the Arleigh Burke class called the Future Surface Combatant The new class is expected to enter service in the early 2030s and initially serve alongside the Flight III DDGs The destroyer class will incorporate emerging technologies like lasers onboard power generation systems increased automation and next generation weapons sensors and electronics They will leverage technologies from other platforms such as the Zumwalt class destroyer littoral combat ships and the Gerald R Ford class aircraft carrier 158 The Future Surface Combatant may place importance on the Zumwalt class destroyer s electric drive system that provides propulsion while generating 58 megawatts of electrical power levels required to operate future directed energy weapons Initial requirements for the Future Surface Combatant will emphasize lethality and survivability The ships must also be modular to allow for inexpensive upgrades of weaponry electronics computing and sensors over time as threats evolve 158 The Future Surface Combatant has evolved into the Large Surface Combatant which became the DDG X 159 Operational history edit nbsp USS Milius launches a TLAM toward Iraq first days of the Iraq War in 2003The class saw its first combat action through Tomahawk Land Attack Missile TLAM strikes against Iraq 160 Over 3 and 4 September 1996 USS Laboon and USS Russell launched 13 and eight TLAMs respectively as part of Operation Desert Strike 161 In December 1998 Arleigh Burke class destroyers again performed TLAM strikes as part of Operation Desert Fox 162 Eleven Arleigh Burkes supported carrier strike groups engaged in Operation Iraqi Freedom which included TLAM launches against ground targets during the operation s opening stages in 2003 31 163 In October 2011 the Navy announced that four Arleigh Burke class destroyers would be forward deployed in Europe to support the NATO missile defense system The ships to be based at Naval Station Rota Spain were named in February 2012 as Ross Donald Cook Porter and Carney 164 By reducing travel times to station this forward deployment allows for six other destroyers to be shifted from the Atlantic in support of the Pivot to East Asia 165 Russia threatened to quit the New START treaty over this deployment calling it a threat to their nuclear deterrent 166 In 2018 CNO Admiral John Richardson criticized the policy of keeping six highly mobile BMD platforms in a little tiny box defending land a role that he believed could be performed equally well at less cost by shore based systems 167 In October 2016 the Arleigh Burke class destroyers Mason and Nitze were deployed to the coast of Yemen after a UAE auxiliary ship was struck in an attack for which Houthi rebels claimed responsibility 168 On 9 October while in the Red Sea Mason detected two anti ship missiles headed toward herself and nearby USS Ponce fired from Houthi controlled territory Mason launched two SM 2s one ESSM and a Nulka decoy One AShM was confirmed to have struck the water on its own and it is unknown if the second missile was intercepted or hit the water on its own 169 On 12 October in the Bab el Mandeb strait Mason again detected an inbound anti ship missile which was intercepted at a range of 8 miles 13 km by an SM 2 170 171 On 13 October Nitze conducted TLAM strikes destroying three Houthi radar sites used in the previous attacks 172 Back in the Red Sea Mason experienced a third attack on 15 October with five AShMs She fired SM 2s and decoys destroying or neutralizing four missiles Nitze neutralized the fifth missile with a radar decoy 171 173 On 7 April 2017 the Arleigh Burke class destroyers Ross and Porter conducted a TLAM strike against Shayrat Airfield Syria in response to Syrian President Bashar Assad s chemical attack on his people three days prior 174 The ships fired a total of 59 Tomahawk missiles 175 On 14 April 2018 Laboon and Higgins conducted another TLAM strike against Syria They fired seven and 23 TLAMs respectively The strike targeted chemical weapon sites as part of a continued effort against Assad s use of chemical warfare 176 The Arleigh Burke class destroyers Donald Cook and Winston S Churchill took positions in the Mediterranean prior to the 2018 strike to mislead defending forces 177 In October and November 2023 the Arleigh Burke class destroyers Carney and Thomas Hudner while deployed in the Red Sea shot down numerous drones and missiles On 19 October Carney shot down at least three cruise missiles and eight drones that were potentially targeting Israel 178 On 15 and 22 November Thomas Hudner shot down numerous drones launched by Houthi rebels from Yemen 179 On 27 November Carney detected two ballistic missile launches from Houthi controlled territory headed towards herself and nearby M V Central Park they splashed ten 10 nautical miles away 180 On 29 November Carney intercepted another Houthi missile 181 Accidents and major incidents editUSS Cole bombing edit Main article USS Cole bombing nbsp USS Cole being towed from the port city of Aden after the bombing Blast damage to the hull is visible mid ship USS Cole was damaged on 12 October 2000 in Aden Yemen while docked by an attack in which a shaped charge of 200 300 kg in a boat was placed against the hull and detonated by suicide bombers killing 17 crew members The ship was repaired and returned to duty in 2001 182 USS Porter and MV Otowasan collision edit See also USS Porter DDG 78 2012 collision On 12 August 2012 USS Porter collided with the oil tanker MV Otowasan near the Strait of Hormuz there were no injuries The U S Navy removed Porter s commanding officer from duty Repairs took two months at a cost of 700 000 183 USS Fitzgerald and MV ACX Crystal collision edit Main article USS Fitzgerald and MV ACX Crystal collision On 17 June 2017 USS Fitzgerald DDG 62 collided with the MV ACX Crystal cargo ship near Yokosuka Japan Seven sailors drowned Following an investigation the ship s commanding officer executive officer and Command Master Chief Petty Officer were relieved of their duties In addition close to a dozen sailors were given non judicial punishment for losing situational awareness Repairs were originally to be completed by the summer of 2019 However initial repairs were made by February 2020 After the subsequent sea trials she was brought in for additional repairs The ship departed for her home port in June 2020 184 USS John S McCain and Alnic MC collision edit Main article USS John S McCain and Alnic MC collision On 21 August 2017 USS John S McCain collided with the container ship Alnic MC The collision injured 48 sailors and killed 10 whose bodies were all recovered by 27 August The cause of the collision was determined to be poor communication between the two ships and the bridge crew lacking situational awareness In the aftermath the ship s top leadership including the commanding officer executive officer and Command Master Chief Petty Officer were removed from command In addition top leadership of the U S Seventh Fleet including the commander Vice Admiral Joseph Aucoin were relieved of their duties due to a loss of confidence in their ability to command Other commanders who were relieved included Rear Admiral Charles Williams commander of Task Force 70 and Captain Jeffrey Bennett commodore of Destroyer Squadron 15 This was the third incident involving a U S Navy ship in 2017 with a repair cost of over 100 million 185 Contractors editBuilders 38 units constructed by General Dynamics Bath Iron Works Division and 35 by Huntington Ingalls Industries formerly Northrop Grumman Ship Systems Ingalls Shipbuilding 155 AN SPY 1 radar and Aegis Combat System integrator Lockheed Martin 155 AN SPY 6 radar Raytheon 155 Ships in class editMain article List of Arleigh Burke class destroyersDerivatives editDestroyer classes based on the Arleigh Burke have been adopted by the following naval forces 186 187 nbsp The Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force Atago class destroyer 188 Kongō class destroyer 189 Maya class destroyer 186 nbsp The Republic of Korea Navy Sejong the Great class destroyer 187 190 In popular culture editThe 2009 film Transformers Revenge of the Fallen features USS Preble 191 failed verification The 2012 film Battleship features USS John Paul Jones USS Benfold and USS Sampson 192 The 2013 film Captain Phillips features USS Truxtun which stood in for the ship from the true event USS Bainbridge 193 The 2014 television series The Last Ship loosely based on the 1988 novel of the same name is set on the fictional USS Nathan James 194 Its hull designation in the book is DDG 80 but it was changed to DDG 151 for the television series to avoid confusion with the real life USS Roosevelt which did not exist when the book was written USS Halsey DDG 97 a Flight IIA Arleigh Burke class destroyer stood in for Nathan James during filming 195 See also editList of naval ship classes in service List of current ships of the United States NavyNotes edit As of 2023 update ODIN is deployed on five ships of the class As of 2023 update SeaRAM is deployed on eight ships of the class The 5 inch 62 caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 can fire a munition called the Cargo Round which gives the Mod 4 a range of over 20 nautical miles 37 km 64 65 According to Polmar the Harpoon launchers were removed to save weight 27 According to Wertheim the Harpoon launchers were removed to save costs 32 Integrated Air and Missile Defense refers to the ability to simultaneously perform anti air warfare and ballistic missile defense Littoral combat refers to naval operations near shores The AN SPY 6 is a scalable system made up of radar module assemblies RMAs self contained 2 x2 x2 radar boxes Different numbers of RMAs can be combined to create different sized variants of the SPY 6 121 Due to the smaller superstructure of Flight IIA ships compared to Flight III ships the radar implementation will be scaled down from the Flight III s version 24 RMA SPY 6 V 4 vs 37 RMA SPY 6 V 1 50 Decibels dB can be used as a measure of a radar s dynamic range or sensitivity 150 An increase in sensitivity of 15 dB enables the detection of objects half the size at twice the distance 151 References editCitations edit a b O Rourke Ronald 19 April 2011 Navy DDG 51 and DDG 1000 Destroyer Programs Background and Issues for Congress Congressional Research Service RL32109 Archived from the original on 30 November 2012 Retrieved 23 October 2011 Since 1 and 2 ships are procured in alternate years and the 1 in a year ships cost more the fairest estimate of unit price comes from averaging three ships across two years US 50 300m is spent on long lead time items in the year before the main procurement of each ship DDG 114 and DDG 115 together cost US 577 2m FY2010 US 2 922b FY2011 US 3 500b p25 and DDG 116 cost US 48m FY2011 US 1 981b FY2012 US 2 029b p12 making an average for the three ships of US 1 847b DDG 113 cost US 2 235b p6 a b c d e f g h i j DDG 51 Arleigh Burke class man fas org Archived from the original on 3 August 2015 Retrieved 1 August 2015 Transforming the Navy s Surface Combatant Force PDF Congressional Budget Office March 2003 p 4 Archived PDF from the original on 21 December 2016 Retrieved 26 January 2023 O Rourke Ronald 26 February 2010 Navy DDG 51 and DDG 1000 Destroyer Programs Background and Issues for Congress PDF Congressional Research Service p 3 RL32109 Archived PDF from the original on 19 March 2023 Retrieved 19 March 2023 O Rourke Ronald Navy DDG X Next Generation Destroyer Program Background and Issues for Congress Congressional Research Service p 1 Archived from the original on 17 October 2022 Retrieved 7 February 2023 LM2500 Gas Turbine Engine man fas org Archived from the original on 18 September 2021 Retrieved 7 December 2016 a b c d 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Bath Iron Works New York HarperCollins ISBN 0 06 019246 1 Describes the construction of USS Donald Cook DDG 75 at Bath Iron Works External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arleigh Burke class destroyers Arleigh Burke class destroyers at Destroyer History Foundation Arleigh Burke class Aegis page on naval technology com Arleigh Burke Flight I amp Flight II Class destroyer United States Navy on navyrecognition com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arleigh Burke class destroyer amp oldid 1189491963, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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