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Aristide Maillol

January 20, 2023

Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol (French: [mɑjɔl]; December 8, 1861 – September 27, 1944) was a French sculptor, painter, and printmaker.[1]

Aristide Maillol
Aristide Maillol (1925), in a photograph by Alfred Kuhn
Born
Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol

(1861-12-08)December 8, 1861
Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roussillon
DiedSeptember 27, 1944(1944-09-27) (aged 82)
Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roussillon
NationalityFrench
EducationÉcole des Beaux-Arts
Known forSculpture, painting

Biography

 
Aristide Maillol, Bas Relief, terracotta. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, New York, Chicago, Boston. Catalogue image (no. 110)

Maillol was born in Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roussillon. He decided at an early age to become a painter, and moved to Paris in 1881 to study art.[1] After several applications and several years of living in poverty, his enrollment in the École des Beaux-Arts was accepted in 1885, and he studied there under Jean-Léon Gérôme and Alexandre Cabanel.[2] His early paintings show the influence of his contemporaries Pierre Puvis de Chavannes and Paul Gauguin.

Gauguin encouraged his growing interest in decorative art, an interest that led Maillol to take up tapestry design. In 1893 Maillol opened a tapestry workshop in Banyuls, producing works whose high technical and aesthetic quality gained him recognition for renewing this art form in France. He began making small terracotta sculptures in 1895, and within a few years his concentration on sculpture led to the abandonment of his work in tapestry.

 
Maillol, The River, bronze, 1938–1943, at the Tuileries Garden in Paris

In July 1896, Maillol married Clotilde Narcis, one of his employees at his tapestry workshop. Their only son, Lucian, was born that October.[3]

Maillol's first major sculpture, A Seated Woman, was modeled after his wife. The first version (in the Museum of Modern Art, New York) was completed in 1902, and renamed La Méditerranée.[1] Maillol, believing that "art does not lie in the copying of nature", produced a second, less naturalistic version in 1905.[1] In 1902, the art dealer Ambroise Vollard provided Maillol with his first exhibition.[4]

The subject of nearly all of Maillol's mature work is the female body, treated with a classical emphasis on stable forms. The figurative style of his large bronzes is perceived as an important precursor to the greater simplifications of Henry Moore, and his serene classicism set a standard for European (and American) figure sculpture until the end of World War II.

Josep Pla said of Maillol, "These archaic ideas, Greek, were the great novelty Maillol brought into the tendency of modern sculpture. What you need to love from the ancients is not the antiquity, it is the sense of permanent, renewed novelty, that is due to the nature and reason."[5]

His important public commissions include a 1912 commission for a monument to Cézanne, as well as numerous war memorials commissioned after World War I.

Maillol served as a juror with Florence Meyer Blumenthal in awarding the Prix Blumenthal (1919–1954) a grant awarded to painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians.[6]

He made a series of woodcut illustrations for an edition of Vergil's Eclogues published by Harry Graf Kessler in 1926–27. He also illustrated Daphnis and Chloe by Longus (1937) and Chansons pour elle by Paul Verlaine (1939).[7]

He died in Banyuls at the age of eighty-three, in an automobile accident. While driving home during a thunderstorm, the car in which he was a passenger skidded off the road and rolled over. A large collection of Maillol's work is maintained at the Musée Maillol in Paris, which was established by Dina Vierny, Maillol's model and platonic companion during the last 10 years of his life. His home a few kilometers outside Banyuls, also the site of his final resting place, has been turned into a museum, the Musée Maillol Banyuls-sur-Mer, where a number of his works and sketches are displayed.

Three of his bronzes grace the grand staircase of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City: Summer (1910–11), Venus Without Arms (1920), and Kneeling Woman: Monument to Debussy (1950–55). The third, the artist's only reference to music, is a copy of an original created for the French city of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Claude Debussy's birthplace.

Nazi-looted art

During the German occupation of France, dozens of artworks by Maillol were seized by the Nazi looting organization known as the E.R.R. or Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce. The Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume lists thirty artworks by Maillol.[8] The German Lost Art Foundation database lists 33 entries for Maillol.[9] The German Historical Museum's database for artworks recovered by the Allies at the Munich Central Collecting Point has 13 items related to Maillol.[10] Maillol's sculpture "Head of Flora" was found in the stash of Cornelius Gurlitt, son of Hitler's art dealer Hildebrand Gurlitt[11] together with lithographs,[12] drawings and paintings.[13]

A photograph from May 24, 1946 shows "Six men, members of the Monuments, Fine Arts & Archives section of the military, prepare Aristide Maillol's sculpture Baigneuse à la draperie, looted during World War II for transport to France. Sculpture is labeled with sign: Wiesbaden, no. 31."[14]

Jewish art collectors whose artworks by Maillol were looted by Nazis include Hugo Simon,[15] Alfred Flechtheim[16] and many others.

 
Aristide Maillol, The Night, (1920), Stuttgart

Works

References

  1. ^ a b c d Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette . "Maillol, Aristide". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web.
  2. ^ Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer (1990). On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910–1930. London: Tate Gallery. p. 148. ISBN 1-854-37043-X
  3. ^ Himino, Ryozo (2001). Maillol. Japan: Graph, Inc. ISBN 4-7662-0645-2.
  4. ^ "MoMA, The Collections, Aristide Maillol (French, 1861–1944)".
  5. ^ "Arístides Maillol, escultor", Homenots, 3a sèrie. OC XXI, 19. "Dues mirades a Maillol. Josep Pla i Torres Monsó", Fundació Josep Pla, retrieved May 31, 2013.
  6. ^ "Florence Meyer Blumenthal". Jewish Women's Archive, Michele Siegel.
  7. ^ "Aristide Maillol", Oxford Art Online
  8. ^ "Cultural Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg: Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume: search Maillol". from the original on 2021-06-18.
  9. ^ "Lost Art Internet Database - Search". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  10. ^ "DHM: Datenbank zum Central Collecting Point München". www.dhm.de. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  11. ^ Gee, Malcolm. "The 'Gurlitt case': how a routine customs check uncovered a sensational Nazi-era art hoard". The Conversation. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  12. ^ "Gurlitt Provenance Research Project Object record excerpt for Lost Art ID: 533054" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-18.
  13. ^ "Lost Art Internet Database - Search Gurlitt and Maillol". www.lostart.de. from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  14. ^ "Aristide Maillol sculpture recovery, 1946 May 24, from the James J. Rorimer papers, 1921-1982, bulk 1943-1950". www.aaa.si.edu. from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2021-06-18. Title: Aristide Maillol sculpture recovery Date: 1946 May 24 Physical Details: 1 photographic print : black and white; 12 x 09 cm. Description: Six men, members of the Monuments, Fine Arts & Archives section of the military, prepare Aristide Maillol's sculpture Baigneuse à la draperie, looted during World War II for transport to France. Sculpture is labeled with sign: Wiesbaden, no. 31. Identification on verso (handwritten): Restitution shipment to France. Creator: Unidentified Forms part of: James J. Rorimer papers, 1921-1982, bulk 1943-1950
  15. ^ Masurovsky, Marc (2011-04-13). "plundered art: ERR database—Untangling the Hugo Simon collection". plundered art. Holocaust Art Restitution Project. from the original on 2014-03-07. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  16. ^ "Germany denies Jewish heirs; Cologne returns art". www.lootedart.com. Washington Post. from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2021-06-18. City counselors voted late Tuesday to hand six drawings by Karl Hofer, Paula Modersohn-Becker, Ernst Barlach, Aristide Maillol and Wilhelm Morgner to the heirs of Jewish collector Alfred Flechtheim, who fled to France in 1933.

Sources

  • Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, "Aristide Maillol, 1861-1944", New York, Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1975.
  • Frèches-Thory, Claire, & Perucchi-Petry, Ursula, ed.: Die Nabis: Propheten der Moderne, Kunsthaus Zürich & Grand Palais, Paris & Prestel, Munich 1993 ISBN 3-7913-1969-8 (German), (French)

Further reading

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Aristide Maillol.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aristide Maillol.
  • Works by or about Aristide Maillol at Internet Archive
  • Masters of 20th Century Figure Sculpture
  • Maillol Museum
  • in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website  
  • Aristide Maillol in Cultural Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg: Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume

January 20, 2023
aristide, maillol, aristide, joseph, bonaventure, maillol, french, mɑjɔl, december, 1861, september, 1944, french, sculptor, painter, printmaker, 1925, photograph, alfred, kuhnbornaristide, joseph, bonaventure, maillol, 1861, december, 1861banyuls, roussillond. Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol French mɑjɔl December 8 1861 September 27 1944 was a French sculptor painter and printmaker 1 Aristide MaillolAristide Maillol 1925 in a photograph by Alfred KuhnBornAristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol 1861 12 08 December 8 1861Banyuls sur Mer RoussillonDiedSeptember 27 1944 1944 09 27 aged 82 Banyuls sur Mer RoussillonNationalityFrenchEducationEcole des Beaux ArtsKnown forSculpture painting Contents 1 Biography 2 Nazi looted art 3 Works 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further reading 7 External linksBiography Edit Aristide Maillol Bas Relief terracotta Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show New York Chicago Boston Catalogue image no 110 Maillol was born in Banyuls sur Mer Roussillon He decided at an early age to become a painter and moved to Paris in 1881 to study art 1 After several applications and several years of living in poverty his enrollment in the Ecole des Beaux Arts was accepted in 1885 and he studied there under Jean Leon Gerome and Alexandre Cabanel 2 His early paintings show the influence of his contemporaries Pierre Puvis de Chavannes and Paul Gauguin Gauguin encouraged his growing interest in decorative art an interest that led Maillol to take up tapestry design In 1893 Maillol opened a tapestry workshop in Banyuls producing works whose high technical and aesthetic quality gained him recognition for renewing this art form in France He began making small terracotta sculptures in 1895 and within a few years his concentration on sculpture led to the abandonment of his work in tapestry Maillol The River bronze 1938 1943 at the Tuileries Garden in Paris In July 1896 Maillol married Clotilde Narcis one of his employees at his tapestry workshop Their only son Lucian was born that October 3 Maillol s first major sculpture A Seated Woman was modeled after his wife The first version in the Museum of Modern Art New York was completed in 1902 and renamed La Mediterranee 1 Maillol believing that art does not lie in the copying of nature produced a second less naturalistic version in 1905 1 In 1902 the art dealer Ambroise Vollard provided Maillol with his first exhibition 4 Air cast 1938 Kroller Muller Museum The subject of nearly all of Maillol s mature work is the female body treated with a classical emphasis on stable forms The figurative style of his large bronzes is perceived as an important precursor to the greater simplifications of Henry Moore and his serene classicism set a standard for European and American figure sculpture until the end of World War II Josep Pla said of Maillol These archaic ideas Greek were the great novelty Maillol brought into the tendency of modern sculpture What you need to love from the ancients is not the antiquity it is the sense of permanent renewed novelty that is due to the nature and reason 5 His important public commissions include a 1912 commission for a monument to Cezanne as well as numerous war memorials commissioned after World War I Maillol served as a juror with Florence Meyer Blumenthal in awarding the Prix Blumenthal 1919 1954 a grant awarded to painters sculptors decorators engravers writers and musicians 6 He made a series of woodcut illustrations for an edition of Vergil s Eclogues published by Harry Graf Kessler in 1926 27 He also illustrated Daphnis and Chloe by Longus 1937 and Chansons pour elle by Paul Verlaine 1939 7 He died in Banyuls at the age of eighty three in an automobile accident While driving home during a thunderstorm the car in which he was a passenger skidded off the road and rolled over A large collection of Maillol s work is maintained at the Musee Maillol in Paris which was established by Dina Vierny Maillol s model and platonic companion during the last 10 years of his life His home a few kilometers outside Banyuls also the site of his final resting place has been turned into a museum the Musee Maillol Banyuls sur Mer where a number of his works and sketches are displayed Three of his bronzes grace the grand staircase of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City Summer 1910 11 Venus Without Arms 1920 andKneeling Woman Monument to Debussy 1950 55 The third the artist s only reference to music is a copy of an original created for the French city of Saint Germain en Laye Claude Debussy s birthplace Nazi looted art EditDuring the German occupation of France dozens of artworks by Maillol were seized by the Nazi looting organization known as the E R R or Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce The Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume lists thirty artworks by Maillol 8 The German Lost Art Foundation database lists 33 entries for Maillol 9 The German Historical Museum s database for artworks recovered by the Allies at the Munich Central Collecting Point has 13 items related to Maillol 10 Maillol s sculpture Head of Flora was found in the stash of Cornelius Gurlitt son of Hitler s art dealer Hildebrand Gurlitt 11 together with lithographs 12 drawings and paintings 13 A photograph from May 24 1946 shows Six men members of the Monuments Fine Arts amp Archives section of the military prepare Aristide Maillol s sculpture Baigneuse a la draperie looted during World War II for transport to France Sculpture is labeled with sign Wiesbaden no 31 14 Jewish art collectors whose artworks by Maillol were looted by Nazis include Hugo Simon 15 Alfred Flechtheim 16 and many others Aristide Maillol The Night 1920 StuttgartWorks EditAction in Chains 1905 Flora Nude 1910 L Ete sans bras 1911 Bathing Woman with Raised Arms 1921 Nymph 1930 The Mountain 1937 L Air 1938 The River 1938 43 Mme Henry Clemens van de Velde c 1899 References Edit a b c d Le Normand Romain Antoinette Maillol Aristide Grove Art Online Oxford Art Online Oxford University Press Web Cowling Elizabeth Mundy Jennifer 1990 On Classic Ground Picasso Leger de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910 1930 London Tate Gallery p 148 ISBN 1 854 37043 X Himino Ryozo 2001 Maillol Japan Graph Inc ISBN 4 7662 0645 2 MoMA The Collections Aristide Maillol French 1861 1944 Aristides Maillol escultor Homenots 3a serie OC XXI 19 Dues mirades a Maillol Josep Pla i Torres Monso Fundacio Josep Pla retrieved May 31 2013 Florence Meyer Blumenthal Jewish Women s Archive Michele Siegel Aristide Maillol Oxford Art Online Cultural Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume search Maillol Archived from the original on 2021 06 18 Lost Art Internet Database Search www lostart de Retrieved 2021 06 18 DHM Datenbank zum Central Collecting Point Munchen www dhm de Retrieved 2021 06 18 Gee Malcolm The Gurlitt case how a routine customs check uncovered a sensational Nazi era art hoard The Conversation Retrieved 2021 06 18 Gurlitt Provenance Research Project Object record excerpt for Lost Art ID 533054 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2021 06 18 Lost Art Internet Database Search Gurlitt and Maillol www lostart de Archived from the original on 2021 06 24 Retrieved 2021 06 18 Aristide Maillol sculpture recovery 1946 May 24 from the James J Rorimer papers 1921 1982 bulk 1943 1950 www aaa si edu Archived from the original on 2015 09 06 Retrieved 2021 06 18 Title Aristide Maillol sculpture recovery Date 1946 May 24 Physical Details 1 photographic print black and white 12 x 09 cm Description Six men members of the Monuments Fine Arts amp Archives section of the military prepare Aristide Maillol s sculpture Baigneuse a la draperie looted during World War II for transport to France Sculpture is labeled with sign Wiesbaden no 31 Identification on verso handwritten Restitution shipment to France Creator Unidentified Forms part of James J Rorimer papers 1921 1982 bulk 1943 1950 Masurovsky Marc 2011 04 13 plundered art ERR database Untangling the Hugo Simon collection plundered art Holocaust Art Restitution Project Archived from the original on 2014 03 07 Retrieved 2021 06 18 Germany denies Jewish heirs Cologne returns art www lootedart com Washington Post Archived from the original on 2016 08 17 Retrieved 2021 06 18 City counselors voted late Tuesday to hand six drawings by Karl Hofer Paula Modersohn Becker Ernst Barlach Aristide Maillol and Wilhelm Morgner to the heirs of Jewish collector Alfred Flechtheim who fled to France in 1933 Sources EditSolomon R Guggenheim Museum Aristide Maillol 1861 1944 New York Solomon R Guggenheim Foundation 1975 Freches Thory Claire amp Perucchi Petry Ursula ed Die Nabis Propheten der Moderne Kunsthaus Zurich amp Grand Palais Paris amp Prestel Munich 1993 ISBN 3 7913 1969 8 German French Further reading EditLorquin Bertrand 1995 Maillol Skira ISBN 9780500974179 Rewald John 1951 The Woodcuts of Aristide Maillol New York Pantheon Books External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Aristide Maillol Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aristide Maillol Works by or about Aristide Maillol at Internet Archive Masters of 20th Century Figure Sculpture Maillol Museum Aristide Maillol in American public collections on the French Sculpture Census website Aristide Maillol in Cultural Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aristide Maillol amp oldid 1126755510, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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