Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg

The Archdiocese of Salzburg (Latin: Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Austria. The archdiocese is one of two Austrian archdioceses, serving alongside the Archdiocese of Vienna.

Archdiocese of Salzburg Archidioecesis Salisburgensis Erzdiözese Salzburg
Salzburger Dom
Coat of arms
Location
Country	Austria
Territory	Salzburg, Tyrol
Ecclesiastical province	Archdiocese of Salzburg
Metropolitan	Salzburg, Salzburg
Statistics
Area	9,715 km^2 (3,751 sq mi)
Population - Total - Catholics	(as of 2020) 746,515 460,106 ( 61.6%)
Parishes	210
Information
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Rite	Roman Rite
Established	20 April 798
Cathedral	Cathedral of Saint Rupert and Saint Vergilius
Patron saint	Saint Rupert Saint Virgil
Secular priests	196 (diocesan) 97 (religious orders) 54 permanent deacons
Current leadership
Pope	Francis
Metropolitan Archbishop	Franz Lackner, O.F.M.
Auxiliary Bishops	Hansjörg Hofer
Vicar General	Roland Rasser
Episcopal Vicars	Gottfried Laireiter
Bishops emeritus	Alois Kothgasser, S.D.B. (em. archbishop) Andreas Laun, O.S.F.S. (em. auxiliary bishop)
Map
Website
kirchen.net/portal

The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire until 1803, when it was secularized as the Electorate of Salzburg. The archdiocese was reestablished in 1818 without temporal power.

History

The earliest evidence for Christianity in the area of Salzburg is the establishment of a religious community at or near Juvavia by a follower of Severinus of Noricum, a priest named Maximus. He and his followers were killed by invading Herulians in 477.^[1] The only contemporary notice of him occurs in the "Life of Saint Severinus" by Eugippius, who calls him a priest, not a bishop.^[2] The notion that he was a bishop derives from a Renaissance inscription in the crypt of the cathedral.^[3]

Establishment of the diocese

In 739, Boniface, the "Apostle to the Germans," divided Bavaria into four dioceses, one of which was situated at Salzburg. Boniface appointed the abbot Joannes of S. Peter's monastery in Salzburg as its bishop. The "Liber confraternitatum" of S. Peter's gives a list of Joannes' predecessors as abbot: the first was Hrodpertus, who was bishop and abbot; then Anzogolus, who was abbot; Vitalis, who was bishop and abbot; Savolus; who was abbot; Izzo, who was abbot; Florbrigis, who was bishop and abbot; and Joannes.^[4]

After the creation of the diocese, the bishops continued to live in the monastery of S. Peter, until the 12th century.^[5] On 24 September 774, Bishop Vigilius (745–784) dedicated a new church, dedicated to Bishop Hrodpertus, as his cathedral, and transferred the remains of the saint to it. The monks of S. Peter performed the religious services in S. Hrodpertus as though they were canons of the cathedral.^[6] Archbishop Conrad created a separate Chapter of canons for the cathedral of S. Hrodpertus in 1122; the archbishop's arrangements were confirmed by Pope Calixtus II on 19 February 1123, and by Pope Honorius II on 30 April 1125, who ordered the use of the Rule of S. Augustine.^[7]

On 20 April 798, at the order of Charlemagne, Pope Leo III named Salzburg a metropolitan archdiocese, with the suffragan diocenses Passau, Ratisbon, Freising, Säben-Brixen, and Neuburg. He sent Bishop Arno the pallium.^[8]

In 1070–1072, Archbishop Gebhard created the diocese of Gurk out of part of Carinthia. In 1075, Pope Gregory VII pointed out that the archbishop had not yet assigned appropriate decimae to the new diocese.^[9] The boundaries of the diocese of Gurk were finally delimited in 1131 by Archbishop Conrad, and the decima tax assigned in 1144.^[10]

On 28 February 1163, Pope Alexander III appointed Archbishop Eberhard of Salzburg his legate for the German kingdom (Legatum in regno Teutonico).^[11]

Archbishop Adalbert and Frederick Barbarossa

Archbishop Adalbert (Vojtěch) was the third son of Vladislaus II, Duke and King of Bohemia, and Gertrude of Babenberg, Duchess of Bohemia,the daughter of Leopold III, Margrave of Austria. Elected in the autumn of 1168, he was enthroned on 1 November, and on 16 March 1169 consecrated a bishop by the Patriarch of Aquileia, and on 23 March Cardinal Conrad von Wittelsbach presented him with the pallium which had been sent by Pope Alexander.^[12] In the schism which had begun at the papal election of 1159, Adalbert took the side of Alexander III against the minority of imperialist cardinals who elected Cardinal John of Struma as antipope Calixtus III (1168–1178). When the archbishop appeared as summoned at the diet of Babenberg on 8 June 1169, the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa refused to receive him, and at the beginning of August invaded the territory of Salzburg.^[13] On 28 January 1171, Pope Alexander wrote to the king of Bohemia and to the archduke of Austria, urging them to come to the aid of the archbishop, who was being harassed by the schismatics.^[14] In 1172, on 20 February, the emperor held a diet at Salzburg, to which the archbishop was not invited; he appeared anyway, but did not receive a friendly welcome from the emperor. The bishop of Gurk and the Provost, Dean and Chapter of Salzburg informed the pope that Frederick was pressuring them to elect a different archbishop of Salzburg.^[15] In 1773, Barbarossa attacked both Austria and Bohemia, and deposed Archbishop Adelbert's father and uncle Henry II, Duke of Austria.^[16]

On 26 May 1174, Frederick Barbarossa held another diet in Ratisbon, attended by nearly all the important men in Germany, and by all the suffragan bishops of Salzburg, except the Bishop of Freising. Archbishop Adalbert and his uncle Henry, Duke of Austria, were present. The stated purpose of the meeting was to decide on the tenure of the diocese of Salzburb by Adalbert. A motion to depose the archbishop was presented by Richerius, the bishop-elect of Brixen, and agreed to by all the leaders of the kingdom except Duke Henry of Austria. At the emperor's command, the assembly elected Heinrich, the Prior of Berchtesgaden, as the new archbishop.^[17] On 8 September 1174, Pope Alexander voided all the actions of the diet against Adalbert, and declared Heinrich intrusus.^[18]

Archbishop Adalbert of Bohemia was deprived of the diocese of Salzburg by Pope Alexander III on 9 August 1177, to win the favor of the Emperor.^[19] Archbishop-elect Heinrich was named bishop of Brixen, on the instigation of the emperor. Cardinal Conrad of Mainz was appointed archbishop of Salzburg.^[20]

Adalbert was restored to his diocese on 19 November 1183, ex praecepto Imperatoris.^[21] Pope Lucius III confirmed him in all his rights and privileges in a bull of 3 December 1184.^[22]

Pope Innocent IV and the See of Salzburg

In 1246 (or 1247), Pope Innocent IV issued a decree inhibiting all the cathedral Chapters in Germany from electing a new bishop to a vacant see without consultation with the pope and obtaining his consent.^[23] He was well aware that a number of German bishops were supporters of Frederick II, and that, when their sees fell vacant, it was imperative to supply them with successors loyal to the papacy. Archbishop Eberhard of Salzburg had been a supporter of Frederick since 1240, and when he died on 1 December 1246,^[24] Pope Innocent was prepared to act, but the Chapter had already unanimously elected Philippus, the son of Duke Bernhard von Kärnten and grandson of King Ottokar I of Bohemia, Provost of Vyšehrad. Innocent paid no attention to their presumption.^[25] On 25 February 1247, he wrote to the Chapter of Salzburg that he had appointed the Provost of Fritzlar, Burcardus, to the post of archbishop of Salzburg,^[26] and he consecrated him with his own hands.^[27] Unfortunately, Archbishop Burcardus died during his journey from Avignon to Salzburg, at Salmannsweiler im Breisgau, at the end of July or beginning of August 1247.^[28]

On 12 October 1247, Pope Innocent immediately appointed his subdeacon and chaplain, Philippus, as procurator of the Church of Salzburg, and ordered the Provost and Chapter of the cathedral to obey him as procurator and administrator.^[29] Philippus von Kärnten, as archbishop-elect, according to the "Salzburg Chronicle",^[30] at the mandate of the pope of 6 February 1249, held a provincial synod in Mühldorf that Spring. The bishops of Frising, Ratisbon, and Seckau were present.^[31] Philippus is again noticed as the Elect of Salzburg in 1250, 1251, and 1252.^[32] On 20 May 1251, Pope Innocent was compelled to write to the Dean of the cathedral of Ratisbon, charging him to suspend and excommunicate Philippus if he did not obey the agreements approved and mandates given by the pope.^[33] Finally, in 1256, the new pope, Pope Alexander IV had heard enough of Philippus' tyrannical behavior, his belligerent attitudes, and his insolent refusal to obey papal orders; he authorized the Church of Salzburg to choose a new archbishop. The leaders of the church assembled and chose Ulrich, Bishop of Seckau, as the new archbishop. The action was contested by the Duke of Zagreb (Carinthia) and the King of Hungary, who promised to support Philippus. The Provost and the Scholasticus of the cathedral headed a delegation to Rome, accompanied by archbishop-elect Ulrich, to acquaint the pope with their activities.^[34] Finally, on 5 September 1257, Pope Alexander confirmed the deposition of Philippus and the succession of Archbishop Ulrich;^[35] on 19 September 1257, he wrote to the Provost and Chapter of Salzburg, rehearsing everything that had taken place, and confirming Ulrich as archbishop of Salzburg.^[36]

Synods

Archbishop Arno (785–821) held a provincial synod on 20 January 799;^[37] he held another on 16 January 807.^[38] Archbishop Eberhard of Regensburg 1200–1246) held a provincial synod in 1219.^[39] In 1569, Archbishop Johann Jakob von Kuen-Belasy (1560–1586) presided over a provincial synod.^[40]

Suffragan dioceses

• Feldkirch
• Graz–Seckau
• Gurk
• Innsbruck

Episcopal Ordinaries

Bishops of Iuvavum (from 755, Salzburg)

• Hrodbertus (Ruprecht) c. 698 – c. 718.^[41]
• Vitalis^[42]
• Erkenfried
• Ottokar
• Flobrigis^[43]
• Johann I
• Virgil of Salzburg, c. 745 or c. 767 – c. 784^[44]

Archbishops of Salzburg, 798–1213

• Arno 785–821^[45]
• Adalram 821–836^[46]
• Leutram 836–859^[47]
• Adalwin 859–873^[48]
• Adalbert I 873
• Dietmar (I) 873–907^[49]
• Pilgrim 907–923^[50]
• Adalbert (II) 923–935^[51]
• Egilholf 935–939^[52]
• Herhold 939–958^[53]
• Friedrich (I) 958–991^[54]
• Hartwig 991–1023^[55]
• Günther 1024–1025^[56]
• Dietmar (II) 1025–1041^[57]
• Baldwin 1041–1060^[58]
• Gebhard 1060–1088^[59]

Berthold of Moosburg (1085–1106) Intrusus^[60]

• Thiemo 1090–1101^[61]
• Konrad von Abensberg 1106–1147^[62]
• Eberhard von Hilpolstein-Biburg 1147–1164^[63]
• Konrad (II) of Austria 1164–1168^[64]
• Adalbert III of Bohemia 1168–1177^[65]

Heinrich (1174–1177) Intrusus^[66]

• Conrad von Wittelsbach 1177–1183^[67]
• Adalbert III of Bohemia (restored) 1183–1200.^[68]

Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg, 1213–1803

From 1213 to 1400

• Eberhard of Regensburg 1200–1246^[69]
• Bruccardus of Ziegenhain 1247^[70]
• Philipp of Carinthia 1247–1256^[71]
• Ulrich of Sekau 1256–1265^[72]
• Ladislaus of Salzburg 1265–1270^[73]
• Frederick II of Walchen 1270–1284^[74]
• Rudolf of Hoheneck 1284–1290^[75]
• Conrad von Vonstorff (Breitenfurt) 1291–1312^[76]
• Weichard of Pollheim 1312–1315
• Frederick (III) von Leibnitz 1315–1338^[77]
• Henry of Pirnbrunn 1338–1343
• Ordulf of Wiesseneck 1343–1365
• Pilgrim von Puchheim 1365–1396
• Gregor Schenk von Osterwitz (6 Jun 1396 Appointed – 9 May 1403)

From 1400 to 1803

• Berthold von Wehingen (1404 – Jan 1406 Resigned)^[78]
• Eberhard von Neuhaus (1406 – 1427)^[79]
• Eberard von Starhemberg (11 Apr 1427 Confirmed – 9 Feb 1429)
• Johann von Reisberg (1429 Elected – 1441)^[80]
• Friedrich Truchseß von Emmerberg (30 Sep 1441 Elected – 3 Apr 1452)^[81]
• Sigmund von Volkersdorf (10 Apr 1452 Elected – 3 Nov 1461)
• Burkhard von Weißpriach (16 Nov 1461 Elected – 16 Feb 1466)
• Bernhard von Rohr (25 Feb 1466 Elected – 21 Mar 1487)
• Johann Beckenschlager (21 Mar 1487 Succeeded – 15 Dec 1489)
• Friedrich Graf von Schaumberg (19 Dec 1489 Elected – 4 Oct 1494)
• Sigmund von Hollenegg (16 Oct 1494 Elected – 1495)^[82]
• Leonhard von Keutschach, C.R.S.A. (7 Jul 1495 Elected – 8 Jun 1519)^[83]
• Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg (8 Jun 1519 Succeeded – 30 Mar 1540)^[84]
• Michael von Kuenburg (21 Jul 1554 Elected – 17 Nov 1560)
• Johann Jakob von Kuen-Belasy (28 Nov 1560 Elected – 4 May 1586)
• Georg von Kuenburg (4 May 1586 Succeeded – 25 Jan 1587)
• Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (2 Mar 1587 Elected – 7 Mar 1612 Resigned)
• Markus Sittikus von Hohenems (1612 – 1619)^[85]
• Paris von Lodron (13 Nov 1618 Elected – 15 Dec 1653 Died)^[86]
• Guidobald Reichsgraf von Thun (3 Feb 1654 Elected – 1 Jun 1668)
• Maximilian Gandolf Reichsgraf von Kuenburg (30 Jul 1668 Elected – 3 May 1687)
• Johann Ernst Reichsgraf von Thun (30 Jun 1687 Elected – 20 Apr 1709)
• Franz Anton Fürst von Harrach zu Rorau (20 Apr 1709 Succeeded – 18 Jul 1727)
• Leopold Anton Eleutherius Reichsfreiherr von Firmian (4 Oct 1727 Elected – 22 Oct 1744)
• Jakob Ernst Graf von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn (1745 – 1747)^[87]
• Andreas Jakob Reichsgraf von Dietrichstein (10 Sep 1747 Elected – 5 Jan 1753)^[88]
• Sigismund Christoph von Schrattenbach (5 Apr 1753 Elected – 16 Dec 1771)^[89]
• Hieronymus Colloredo von Wallsee und Mels (1772 – 1812)^[90]

Sede vacante (1812–1823)^[91]

Archbishops (from 1823)

• Augustin Johann Joseph Gruber (17 November 1823 Confirmed – 28 June 1835)^[92]
• Friedrich Johann Joseph Cölestin zu von Schwarzenberg (1 February 1836 Confirmed – 20 May 1850 Confirmed)
• Maximilian Joseph von Tarnóczy (17 Feb 1851 Confirmed – 4 April 1876 Died)
• Franz de Paula Albert Eder, O.S.B. (29 Sep 1876 Confirmed – 10 April 1890 Died)
• Johannes Evangelist Haller (26 June 1890 Confirmed – 5 May 1900 Died)
• Johannes Baptist Katschthaler (17 December 1900 Confirmed – 27 February 1914 Died)

 

Archbishop Franz Lackner OFM

• Balthasar Kaltner (25 May 1914 Confirmed – 8 July 1918 Died)
• Ignaz Rieder (7 October 1918 Confirmed – 8 October 1934 Died)
• Sigismund Waitz (17 December 1934 Confirmed – 30 October 1941 Died)

• Andreas Rohracher (1 May 1943 Confirmed – 30 June 1969 Retired)
• Eduard Macheiner (18 October 1969 Confirmed – 17 July 1972 Died)
• Karl Berg (9 January 1973 Confirmed – 5 September 1988 Retired)
• Georg Eder (17 January 1989 Confirmed – 23 November 2002 Resigned)
• Alois Kothgasser, S.D.B. (27 November 2002 Appointed – 4 November 2013 Retired)
• Franz Lackner, O.F.M. (18 November 2013 Appointed – present)

References

1. Acta Sanctorum Januarius (in Latin), Tomus I (Antwerp: Joannes Meursius 1643), p. 458. He is called a martyr by Matthäus Rader, though the date of his death is not known.
2. Acta Sanctorum, p. 462, column 1, § 32. Matthäus Rader, Bauaria sancta, Volume 1 (Raphael Sadeler 1615), p. 32: "Fidem facit [Eugippius] de presbytero, non episcopo, syllabus Episcoporum Salisburgensium, in quo nullum de Maximo verbum. Nec plura, quod meminerim, de hoc leguntur, nisi in hypogaeo...." Rupert Pogensperger, Die Einsiedelei des heiligen Maximus zu Salzburg, (in German), Salzburg: Duyle, 1844, pp. 9-12: "Um diese Zeit kam ein Priester mit Namen Maximus hieher nach Juvavia, welcher wahrscheinlich ein Schüler des heil. Severin war."
3. Acta Sanctorum Januarius Vol. 1, p. 458.
4. W. Levison, "Vita Hrodberti episcopi Salisburgensis," (in Latin), in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum, Vol. 6 (Hannover & Leipzig: Hahn 1913), p. 144.
5. Levison, p. 144.
6. Brackmann, p. 46. Levison, p. 144.
7. Brackmann, p. 47; 48 no. 2. The Rule of S. Augustine (Canons Regular of S. Augustine) was in effect until Pope Leo X cancelled it on 22 September 1514, at the request of Archbishop Matthaeus Lang: Hansiz, Germania sacra Vol. 2, p. 579; Brackmann, p. 47.
8. Brackmann, Germania pontificia, p. 4 and p. 8 nos. 7 and 8. Hansiz, Germania sacra Vol. 2, pp. 6-7.
9. Brackmann, pp. 4, 123-124; 125 no. 2: "a Gregorio YII admonitus, novae dioecesis terminos minime constituit et decimas episcopo debitas sibi retinuit, ita ut Gurcensis episcopus archiepiscopi tantum vicarius esset."
10. Brackmann, p. 124.
11. Hansiz, II, pp. 273-274, quoting the papal bull.
12. Fischer, pp. 51-52. Brackmann, p. 31, no. 101.
13. "Cronica Magni presbyteris Richerspergensis," sub anno 1169, in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Tomus XXVII (Hannover: Hahn 1861), p. 490: "Iam enim imperator firmaverat faciem suam adversum ecclesiam Salzburgensem, et ut exequeretur quod diu mente conceperat, venit in partes Bawariae, et sic Salzburg in principoi mensis Augusti, propositum haben vastare et dissipare totum epsicopatum, si quis restitisset." Henricus Archidiaconus, "Historia calamitatum ecclesiae Salsiburgiensis,", p. 1543.
14. Brackmann, pp. 32-33, nos. 103-105.
15. Brackmann, p. 34, nos. 109-110.
16. "Cronica Magni presbyteris Richerspergensis,", sub anno 1172, p. 497 sub anno 1773, p. 498. Hansiz (1729), Germaniae sacræ: Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis Tomus II, pp. 288-291.
17. "Cronica Magni presbyteris Richerspergensis," sub anno 1174, in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Tomus XVII (Hannover: Hahn 1861), p. 498. Adalbert's father, the king of Bohemia had died the previous January.
18. Bruckmann, p. 35-36, no. 114
19. Meiller (1866), Regesta episcorum Salisburgensium inde ab anno MCVI usque ad annum MCCXLVI, p. 128, citing the "Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis Tertia", in Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scroptorum Tomus IX (Hannover: Hahn 1851), p. 631: "Albertus Salzpurgensis archiepiscopus...canonice electus et consecratus, et ab ipso apostolico pluribus epistolis confirmatus, ob gratiam et favorem imperatoris ab eodem papa ecclesia sua privatus est...." Brackmann, p. 39, no. 130.
20. Meiller (1866), p. 129.
21. Meiller (1866), Regesta episcorum Salisburgensium inde ab anno MCVI usque ad annum MCCXLVI, p. 143.
22. Brackmann, p. 43, no. 142.
23. Élie Berger, Les registres d'Innocent IV Vol. 1 (Paris: Thorin 1884), p. 361: "... praesertim cum universis capitulis cathedralium ecclesiarum Alamanie tam per nostras literas quam per dilectum filium [Philippum] Ferrariensem electum, Apostolice Sedis legatum, ne ipsis ecclesiis, cum eas vacare contingeret, pastores eligere absque nostro consilio et assensu presumerent, duxerimus inhibendum...."
24. Eubel I, p. 432.
25. Fischer, pp. 58-59.
26. Burger, Les registres d'Innocent IV, p. 361, no. 2436.
27. Hansiz II, p. 345.
28. Fischer, p. 59.
29. Burger, Les registres d'Innocent IV, p. 361, nos. 3349-3350. Eubel I, p. 432.
30. Hansiz, p. 346.
31. Hübner, p. 207.
32. Hansiz, p. 347-348.
33. Hansiz, p. 348.
34. Hansiz, p. 350-352.
35. Hansiz, p. 346.
36. J. De Loye; A. Coulon, Les registres d'Alexandre IV, (in Latin), (Paris: Fontemoing 1895), pp. 682-684, no. 2217.
37. Archbishop Arno received the pallium on 20 April 798. Fischer, p. 30. Hübner, p. 189-193.
38. In attendance were bishops Atto of Freising, Adalwin of Regensburg, Emerich of Säben-Brixen and Hatto of Passau. Hansiz II, p. 119. Hübner, p. 193.
39. Hansiz II, pp. 324-325.
40. Constitvtiones, Et Decreta concinnata atque In Provinciali Synodo Salisbvrgensi Edita: Anno Domini MDLXVIIII, Sub Reuerendissimo & Illustrissimo Principe & Domino, D. Ioanne Iacobo Archiepiscopo Salisburgensi, Sedisq[ue], Apostolicae Legato. (in Latin) Salzburg: Mayer, 1574.
41. Around 700, Bishop Hrodbertus preached around Iuvavum and founded the chourch of S. Peter. Jung (1864), pp. 1-2. Brackmann, p. 4.: "Temporibus Theodonis ducis Bavariae, a. cr. 700, Hrodbertus episcopus quin in regione luvavensi evangelium praedicaverit ecclesiamque s. Petri Salisburgensis condiderit, nemo est qui dubitet." W. Levison, "Vita Hrodberti episcopi Salisburgensis," (in Latin), in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum, Vol. 6 (Hannover & Leipzig: Hahn 1913), pp. 140-162.
42. Vitalis: Jung (1864), p. 2.
43. Floribrigis: Jung (1864), p. 3.
44. Virgilius (Ferghil): Jung (1864), pp. 3-4. James Francis Kenney, The Sources for the Early History of Ireland: Ecclesiastical: An Introduction and Guide, Volume 1, New York: Columbia University Press 1929, pp. 523-526.
45. Arno was consecrated bishop on 11 June 785 (Fischer, p. 29). Heinrich von Zeissberg, Arno, erster Erzbischof von Salzburg: (785 - 821), (in German), Wien: Gerold in Komm., 1863. Richard Schröder, "Arno Erzbischof von Salzburg und das Urkundenwesen seiner Zeit," (in German), in: Neue Heidelberger Jahrbücher 1892, pp. 165—171. Fischer, pp. 29-30.
46. Adalram was granted the pallium by Pope Eugenius II on 8 November 824.He died on 4 January 836. Fischer, pp. 30-31. Brackmann, p. 10, no. 13.
47. Leutram (Liupram) was elected on 6 January 836. Pope Gregory IV sent him the pallium on 31 May 837. He died on 14 October 859. Fischer, p. 31. Brackmann, p. 10, no. 14.
48. Adalwin was granted the pallium by Pope Nicholas I in May 860. Fischer, p. 32. Brackmann, p. 11, no. 17.
49. Archbishop Dietmar was with the Emperor Louis in Regensburg on 13 September 873. In July 900, he wrote to Pope John IX, complaining about the Moravian bishops sent by the pope, and explaining that he could find no safe way of transmitting money owed to Rome. He died on the battlefield on 5 July 907. Fischer, pp. 32-33. Brackmann, p. 13, no. 26.
50. Pilgrim was said to have been elected archbishop on 7 September 907. From 907 to 911, Archbishop Pilgrim was archchaplain of King Louis IV. He died on 8 October 923. Fischer, pp. 33-34.
51. Adalbert (Odalbert) was archbishop from October 923. He died on 12 November 935, during his return from an invasion of Italy. Fischer, pp. 34-35.
52. Egilholf had been archdeacon of Salzburg before his election as archbishop. Duke Arnulf named him archbishop in November or December 935. He died on 22 August 939. Fischer, p. 35.
53. Herhold (Alberich) was the nephew of Duke Arnulf of Bavaria. From 945 to 953 he was archchaplain and archchancellor of Bavaria for Otto I. On 18 April 958, he attended a synod at Ingelheim. He died on 30 or 31 August 958. Fischer, pp. 35-36.
54. Friedrich, a member of the family of the Ariboni, was brother of Count Sighard in the Chiemgau. On 7 February 962, Pope John XII confirmed his election, his rights, and privileges. He died on 1 May 991. Fischer, pp. 37-38. Brackmann, p. 14, nos. 30 and 31.
55. Hartwich was the son of Count Aribo in Krauatgau, and nephew of Bishop Albuin of Brixen. He became archbishop after 1 May 991. In November 993, Pope John XV confirmed his privileges and sent him the pallium. He died on 5 December 1023. Fischer, pp. 38-39.
56. Günther von Meissen was the son of Margrave Ekkehart of Meissen und der Schwanchild. From 1008 or 1009 to 1023, he was imperial chancellor for Germany. He was elected archbishop during the Christmastide of 1023, and was consecrated a bishop on 26 January 1024. He was dead by 1 November 1025. Fischer, pp. 39-40.
57. Dietmar (II) was consecrated a bishop on 21 December 1025. He died on 28 July 1041. Fischer, pp. 40-41.
58. Balduin: Fischer, p. 41.
59. Ludwig Spohr, Uber die politische und publizistische WirksamkeitGebhards von Salzburg 1060 — 1088 (Halle 1890). Fischer, pp. 42-43.
60. Berthold was appointed by King Henry IV. He was ejected c. 1106 by Archbishop Konrad von Abensberg. Fischer, p. 44.
61. Thiemo (Tyemo, Diemo) had been abbot of S. Peter's in Salzburg. He received episcopal consecration on 7 April 1090, and was sent the pallium by Pope Urban II in the same year. Fischer, pp. 44-45. Brackmann, p. 19, no. 45.
62. Christian Meyer, Erzbischof Konrad I. von Salzburg. (in German). München: Weiss, 1868. Dopsch, Von Heinz; Machilek, Franz (2006). "Erzbischof Konrad I. von Salzburg und seine Familie: Die Grafen von Abenberg-Frensdorf in Franken" (PDF). Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde. Fischer, pp. 46-47.
63. Franz Gruber, Eberhard I., Erzbischof von Salzburg, (in German) München: Mühlthaler, 1873. Fischer, pp. 47-49.
64. Conrad the sixth son of Margrave Leopold III of Austria, and, through his mother Agnes was the grandson of Henry IV, German King and Holy Roman Emperor. He studied in Paris, and was appointed a canon of Cologne by King Conrad III. He became Bishop of Passau in 1048, and was elected archbishop of Salzburg on 29 June 1164. He died on 28 September 1168. Fischer, pp. 49-51.
65. Adalbert was forced to submit his resignation on 9 August 1177 by Pope Alexander III. Meiller (1866), Regesta episcorum Salisburgensium inde ab anno MCVI usque ad annum MCCXLVI, p. 128. Fischer, pp. 51-53.
66. Heinrich had been Provost of the collegiate church of S. Peter in Berchtesgaden since at least 1151. He was elected by order of Frederick Barbarossa, after his diet of Ratisbon had deposed Archbishop Adalbert: I.M. Watterich, Pontificum Romanorum qui fuerunt inde ab exeunte saeculo IX usque ad finem saeculi XIII vitae, (in Latin), Volume 2 (Leipzig: Engelmann, 1862), p. 593. Pope Alexander III, however, voided Heinrich's election on 8 September 1174. On the same day, he wrote to Archbishop Adalbert that he had quashed the proceedings against him. In the summer of 1176, Bishop Gualterius of Albano, the papal legate summoned Heinrich (whom he addresses as Provost) and his canon to appear in his court. Fischer, pp. 53-55. Brackmann, p. 36, no. 115, 116; p. 63, no. 17.
67. Cardinal Conrad (III) was able to return to his original diocese of Mainz in November 1183, following the death of Archbishop Christian of Mainz on 25 August 1183. Cornelius Will (1880), Konrad von Wittelsbach, cardinal, erzbischof von Mainz und von Salzburg, deutscher Reichskanzler. Regensburg: Pustet, 1880. Fischer, pp. 54-57.
68. Archbishop Adalbert died in Salzburg on 8 April 1200. Fischer, p. 53.
69. Eberhard de Truchsen had been Bishop of Brixen (1196–1200). He was transferred to Salzburg by Pope Innocent III in the second half of 1200. He died on 1 December 1246. Eubel I, pp. 148, 432.
70. Bruccardus had been Provost of the collegiate church of Fritzlar. He was appointed archbishop of Salzburg by Pope Innocent IV on 25 February 1247. His successor was appointed on 12 October of the same year. Wartenhorst & Wiessner, Monumenta historica Ducatus Carinthiae: Die Gurker Geschichtsquellen (Schluss), p. 41-42, no. 579 (25 February 1247). Eubel I, p. 432.
71. Philippus was only archbishop-elect. He was deposed by Pope Alexander IV. He was intruded into the Patriarchate of Aquileia in 1269 by King Ottokar II of Bohemia, but was rejected by Pope Gregory X. Hansiz II, pp. 344-352. Fischer, pp. 60-62. Eubel I, pp. 99, note 2; 432.
72. Ulrich: In a letter to his successor, dated 29 November 1265, Pope Clement IV remarked that Archbishop Ulrich had never been able to take full possession of his diocese, or enjoy all its income or resources. Worn out by the struggles, and beset by old age and infirmities, he sent a procurator to the pope, resigning his office. Édouard Jordan, Les registres de Clément IV, (in Latin), (Paris: Thorin 1893), p. 43, no. 174: "a tempore quo fuit ad archiepiscopatum ipsum translatus, ex causis variis est perpessus, et quod nunquam archiepiscopatus ejusdem plenam possessionem nancisci, vel de ejus redditibus et bonis gaudere, neque sibi aut aliis proficere potuit ex eodem...." Hansiz II, pp. 341-363. Fischer, pp. 62-64. Eubel I, p. 432.
73. Ladislaus (Wlodislaus) was provided archbishop on 10 November 1265, by Pope Clement IV. He died on 27 April 1270. Fischer, pp. 64-66. Eubel I, p. 432.
74. Archbishop Ladislaus was buried on 28 April 1270 (Hansiz, p. 370). Frederick had been a canon of the cathedral of Salzburg, and then in 1264 became Provost. He was elected archbishop in a canonically conducted election, and in May 1270 he was party to the agreement between Ottakar of Bohemia and the new King Stephen of Hungary. On 28 October 1270, he was one of six bishops who consented to a grant in favor of the church of S. Hippolytus. He was not yet consecrated, however, since the papal throne had been vacant since the death of Pope Clement IV on 29 November 1268. On 7 May 1273, he was in Orvieto, where the new Pope Gregory X confirmed his election, and ordered the Bishop of Porto to carry out his consecration. Archbishop Frederick died on 7 April 1284. Hansiz, p. 371-393. Jean Guiraud, Les registres de Grégoire X, (in Latin), (Paris: Thorin 1892), p. 97, no. 242. Eubel I, p. 432.
75. Archbishop Rudolfus died on 3 August 1290. Fischer, pp. 68-70. Eubel I, p. 432.
76. Conrad (IV): Following the death of Archbishop Rudolf, the Chapter voted to recommend to the pope Canon Stephen of Passau, the son of Henry Count of the Rhenish Palatinate and Duke of Bavaria. Pope Nicholas IV rejected the nomination, and appointed instead Conrad von Vonstorff, a canon and Scholasticus of the Chapter of Salzburg, and Bishop of Lavallant (Carinthia) (1284–1291). He ordered three cardinals to invest him with the pallium. He died on 25 March 1312. Fischer, pp. 70-71. Ernest Langlois, Registres de Nicolas IV, (in Latin), (Paris: Fontemoing 1905), p. 617, no. 4224. Eubel I, pp. 298, 432.
77. Frederick had been canon and Chamberlain of the cathedral of Salzburg. On 6 April 1308, he was elected Provost of the cathedral Chapter. He was elected archbishop on 24 October 1315, by the process of compromise. He travelled to Avignon, where his election was examined by a committee of three cardinals, and confirmed by Pope John XXII on 25 November 1316. He died on 30 March 1338. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes Vol. I (Paris: Fontemoing 1904), p. 195, no. 2068. Fischer, pp. 72-74. Eubel I, p. 432.
78. In September 1381, Berthold was provided (appointed) bishop of Frisung by Pope Urban VI (Roman Obedience). Berthold was appointed by Pope Boniface IX on 6 February 1404, after he voided the election of Eberhard of Neuhaus; Berthold continued as Administrator of the diocese of Frising. In January 1406, Pope Innocent VII granted Berthold permission to return to his old diocese of Frising. Fischer, pp. 82-83. Eubel I, pp. 255; 432 with note 12.
79. Eberhard had been a canon of Salzburg, and then Dean of the Chapter from March 1395. On 22 May 1403, he was elected archbishop, but the election was voided by Pope Boniface IX. He was appointed archbishop by Innocent VII on 13 January 1406, after the resignation of Archbishop Berthold, and was sent the pallium before 4 April, the day he was consecrated a bishop by Bishop Frederick of Seckau. He died on 18 January 1427. Fischer, pp. 80-81. Eubel I, p. 432.
80. Johann von Reisburg died on 30 September 1441. Eubel II, p. 228, note 1.
81. Friedrich von Emmerberg: Eubel II, p. 228.
82. Hollenegg was presented with the regalia by Maximilian I in Worms on 18 June 1495. He fell sick and died at Mühldorf on 3 July 1495. Fischer, pp. 97-99.
83. Kreutschach: Hansiz (1729), Germaniae sacræ: Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis Tomus II, pp. 548-563. Fischer, pp. 99-100.
84. Lang: Hansiz (1729), Germaniae sacræ: Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis Tomus II, pp.564-608.
85. Born in the castle of Alta Emps (diocese of Konstanz), Sittikus had been Provost of the cathedral of Konstanz and canon of the cathedral of Salzburg. He was elected by the Chapter of Salzburg on 18 March 1612, and confirmed by Pope Paul V on 18 June 1612. He died on 9 October 1619. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 302 with note 2.
86. Peter Keller, Johannes Neuhardt, Erzbischof Paris Lodron (1619-1653): Staatsmann zwischen Krieg und Frieden, (in German), Salzburg: Dommuseum zu Salzburg, 2003.
87. Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn had previously been Bishop of Seckau (1728–1739), and then Bishop of Olmouc (1739–1745). He was requested as archbishop of Salzburg by the Chapter and canons in 13 January 1745, and was transferred by Pope Benedict XIV on 13 September 1745. He died on 12 June 1747. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 349 with note 9; VI, pp. 317 with note 2; 363 with note 2.
88. Andreas von Dietrichstein: Benedikt Buecher, Andreas Jacobus Graf von Dietrichstein, Erzbischof zu Salzburg, (in German). Salzburg: J.J. Mayer 1753.
89. Schrattenbach: Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 364 with note 4.
90. Colloredo was nominated archbishop of Salzburg on 14 March 1772 by the Empress Maria Theresa, and confirmed by Pope Clement XIV on 22 June 1772. He died on 20 May 1812. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, pp. 232-364.
91. Pope Pius VII was a prisoner from 1812 to 1815 of Napoleon, who had abolished the Papal States. Pius refused to carry out papal functions while a prisoner. The restoration of the papal states was recognized by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
92. Gruber was nominated bishop of Ljubljana on 25 June 1815 by the Emperor Franz, and confirmed by Pope Pius VII on 22 July 1815. He was nominated archbishop of Salzburg on 16 February 1823, and confirmed by Pope Leo XII on 17 November 1823. He died on 28 June 1835. Ignaz Schumann von Mannsegg, Geschichte des Lebens... Augustin Gruber Erzbischof von Salzburg, (in German), Salzburg: Mayr, 1836. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, pp. 228, 330.

Bibliography

Reference works for bishops

• Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo (in Latin). Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. pp. 307-309.
• Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 1 (Tomus I) (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
• Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 2 (Tomus II) (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. archived
• Eubel, Conradus; Gulik, Guilelmus, eds. (1923). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 3 (Tomus III) (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
• Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica. Vol. 4 (Tomus IV) (1592–1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi. Vol. 5 (Tomus V) (1667–1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi. Vol. 6 (Tomus VI) (1730–1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
• Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1968). Hierarchia Catholica medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. VII (1800–1846). Monasterii: Libreria Regensburgiana.
• Remigius Ritzler; Pirminus Sefrin (1978). Hierarchia catholica Medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. VIII (1846–1903). Il Messaggero di S. Antonio.
• Pięta, Zenon (2002). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi (in Latin). Vol. IX (1903–1922). Padua: Messagero di San Antonio. ISBN 978-88-250-1000-8.

Studies

• Brackmann, Albertus (ed.). Germania pontificia, Vol. 1, Pars I: Provincia Salisburgensis et episcopatus Tridentinus. (in Latin). Berlin: Weidmann 1910.
• Dalham, Florianus (1788). Concilia Salisburgensia provincialia et dioecesana jam inde ab hierarchiae hujus origine ... ad nostram usque actatem celebrata. (in Latin). Augst: Matthaei Rieger filii, 1788.
• Fischer, Wilhelm (1916). Personal- und Amtsdaten der Erzbischöfe von Salzburg (798-1519). (in German). Anklam: Richard Poettcke Nachfolger 1916.
• Hansiz, Marcus. Germaniae sacræ: Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis : chronologice propositus. (in Latin). Tomus I (1727).Tomus II. Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg): Happach & Schlüter, 1729.
• Henricus Archidiaconus, "Historia calamitatum ecclesiae Salsiburgiensis," (in Latin), in: J.-P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae cursus completus: Series latina, Volume 196 (Paris: apud Garnier fratres, 1880), pp. 1539-1552.
• Hiibiier, K. (1909). "Die Provinzialsynoden im Erzbistum Salzburg bis zum Ende des XV. Jahrhunderts," (in German), in: Deutsche Geschichtsblatter Vol. X (1909), pp. 187—236.
• Jung, Armand (1864). Series abbatum monasterii O.S.B. ad S. Petrum Salisburgi. (in Latin). Salzburg: Duyle, 1864.
• Meiller, Andreas von (1866). Regesta episcorum Salisburgensium inde ab anno MCVI usque ad annum MCCXLVI: Regesten zur Geschichte der Salzburger Erzbischöfe Conrad I, Eberhard I, Conrad II, Adalbert, Conrad III und Eberhard II. (in German and Latin). Wien: C. Gerolds Sohn 1866.
• Ortner, Franz (1988). Salzburger Kirchengeschichte. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. (in German). Salzburg: Anton Pustet 1988. ISBN 3-7025-0252-1.
• Tietze, Hans; Martin, Franz (1912). Die kirchlichen Denkmale der Stadt Salzburg: mit Ausnahme von Nounberg und St. Peter. Wien: A. Schroll 1912.
• Wartenhorst, August Jaksch von; Wiessner, Hermann. Monumenta historica Ducatus Carinthiae: Bd. Die Gurker Geschichtsquellen, 804-1232. Klagenfurt: Commissionsverlag von F. v. Kleinmayr, 1896
• Wartenhorst, August Jaksch von; Wiessner, Hermann. Monumenta historica Ducatus Carinthiae: Die Gurker Geschichtsquellen (Schluss) 1233-1269. (in Latin and German). Klagenfurt: Commissionsverlag von F. v. Kleinmayr, 1898

External links

• "Archdiocese of Salzburg". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney.

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