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Agathoxylon

December 15, 2023

Agathoxylon (also known by the synonyms Dadoxylon and Araucarioxylon[3]) is a form genus of fossil wood, including massive tree trunks. Although identified from the late Palaeozoic to the end of the Mesozoic,[4] Agathoxylon is common from the Carboniferous to Triassic.[5] Agathoxylon represents the wood of multiple conifer groups, including both Araucariaceae[6] and Cheirolepidiaceae,[7] with late Paleozoic and Triassic forms possibly representing other conifers or other seed plant groups like "pteridosperms".[8]

Agathoxylon
Agathoxylon fossil trunks from the Bumi Hills area of Zimbabwe
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Genus: †Agathoxylon
Hartig 1848
Type species
†Agathoxylon cordaianum
Hartig 1848
Species

See text

Synonyms
Agathoxylon synonymy
  • Agathoxylon
    P.Greguss 1952[1]
  • Araucariopsis
    Caspary
  • Araucarioxylon
    Kraus[2]
  • Cordaioxylon
    Felix
  • Cordaixylon
    Grand
  • Cordaites
  • Dadoxylon
    Endlicher
  • Dammaroxylon
    J.Schultze-Motel
  • Palaeoxylon
    A.T.Brongniart
  • Peuce
    Lindley & W.Hutton
  • Platyspiroxylon
    P.Greguss
  • Simplicioxylon
    G.Andreánszky

Description edit

Agathoxylon were large trees that bore long strap-like leaves and trunks with small, narrow rays.[5] Often the original cellular structure is preserved as a result of silica in solution in the ground water becoming deposited within the wood cells. This mode of fossilization is termed permineralization.

Systematics edit

As a genus, Dadoxylon was poorly defined, and apart from Araucariaceae, has been associated with fossil wood as diverse as Cordaitales,[9] Glossopteridales and Podocarpaceae. Furthermore, it may be the same form genus as Araucarioxylon, hence the usage Dadoxylon (Araucarioxylon).[10] The genus Agathoxylon, classified under the family Araucariaceae,[11] has nomenclatural priority over the genera Araucarioxylon and Dadoxylon.[12][13][8]

Several Dadoxylon species, such as D. brandlingii and D. saxonicum have been identified as Araucarites.[14] D. arberi and D. sp.1 were synonymised with the glossopterid species Australoxylon teixterae and A. natalense, respectively; while D. sp. 2 was transferred to Protophyllocladoxylon.

Species edit

  • Agathoxylon arizonicum [=Araucarioxylon arizonicum] Chinle Formation, Arizona, New Mexico, United States Late Triassic
  • Agathoxylon africanum (Bamford 1999) [=Araucarioxylon africanum]: Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone, Middleton Formation and Normandien Formation to Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, Burgersdorp Formation and Driekoppen Formation, Beaufort Group, South Africa,[15] and Lebung Group, Botswana[16]
  • Agathoxylon agathioides (Kräusel & Jain): La Matilde Formation, Argentina
  • Agathoxylon antarcticus (Poole & Cantrill 2001) Pujana et al. 2014 [=A. matildense, Araucarioxylon antarcticus]: Santa Marta Formation and La Meseta Formation, Antarctica[17][18]
  • Agathoxylon arberi (Seward 1919) [=Dadoxylon arberi]
  • Agathoxylon australe[=Dadoxylon australe]
  • Agathoxylon bougheyi Williams [=Dadoxylon bougheyi]: Madumabisa Mudstone Formation, Zambia and Somabula Beds, Zimbabwe[19]
  • Agathoxylon cordaianum Hartig 1848
  • Agathoxylon desnoyersii (Phillipe 2011) [=Araucarioxylon desnoyersii]
  • Agathoxylon duplicatum (Vogellehner 1965) [=Dadoxylon duplicatum]: Germany[20]
  • Agathoxylon jamudhiense (Maheshwari 1963) [=Dadoxylon jamudhiense]: India[21]
  • Agathoxylon karooensis (Bamford 1999) [=Araucarioxylon karooensis]: Daptocephalus AZ, Middleton and Normandien Formations, South Africa
  • Agathoxylon kellerense (Lucas and Lacey 1984) [=Araucarioxylon kellerense, Dadoxylon kellerense]: Santa Marta Formation, Antarctica
  • Agathoxylon lemonii Tidwell & Thayn 1986: Dakota Formation, Utah
  • Agathoxylon maharashtraensis (Prasad 1982) [=Dadoxylon maharashtraensis]: India[22]
  • Agathoxylon parenchymatosum (Vogellehner 1965) [=Araucarioxylon parenchymatosum, Dadoxylon parenchymatosum]: Forest Sandstone Formation, Botswana[23]
  • Agathoxylon pseudoparenchymatosum (Gothan 1908) Pujana et al. 2014 [=Araucarioxylon chilense, A. kerguelense, A. novaezeelandii, A. pseudoparenchymatosum, Dadoxylon kaiparaense, D. kergulense, D. pseudoparenchymatosum]: Santa Marta Formation, Antarctica
  • Agathoxylon santacruzense Kloster and Gnaedinger 2018: La Matilde Formation, Argentina
  • Agathoxylon santalense (Sah & Jain): La Matilde Formation, Argentina
  • Agathoxylon sclerosum (Walton) Kräusel 1956 [=Dadoxylon sclerosum, Kaokoxylon sclerosum]: Malay Peninsula,[24] Dwyka Group to Molteno Formation, Stormberg Group, South Africa, and Ntawere Formation, Zambia[25]
  • Agathoxylon termieri (Attims) Gnaedinger & Herbst: La Matilde Formation, Argentina
  • Agathoxylon ulmitus Iamandei & Iamandei 2004: Romania[26]
  • Agathoxylon woodworthii (Knowlton 1899) [=Dadoxylon woodworthii]: United States

Distribution edit

Agathoxylon is common in many parts of the world, found in sites of both Gondwana and Laurasia and reported from southern Africa,[27][28] Asia,[29] the Middle East,[30] Europe,[14] South America,[31][3] and North America.[5]

In southern Africa, Agathoxylon is widespread in the Karoo Supergroup.[32] In Zimbabwe, it is especially encountered in the Pebbly Arkose Formation,[27] and also reported frequently from the Angwa Sandstone Formation.[33][34]

References edit

  1. ^ E.R. Farr; G. Zijlstra, eds. (1996). "Index Nominum Genericorum (ING). A compilation of generic names published for organisms covered by the ICN: International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. [previously: organisms covered by the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature]".
  2. ^ Torrey, R. E. (1923). "The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Coniferales Part 3: Mesozoic and Tertiary coniferous woods". Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. 3. Vol. 6 (no. 2). Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. pp. 38–103.
  3. ^ a b Adriana Kloster and Silvia Gnaedinger (2018). "Coniferous wood of Agathoxylon from the La Matilde Formation, (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz, Argentina". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (2): 1–22. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.145. hdl:11336/91290. S2CID 134153671.
  4. ^ Giraud, Bernadette (1991). "Les espèces du genre Dadoxylon depuis 1962: Leur répartition et leur évolution du Permien à la fin du Mésozoïque". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 67 (1–2): 13–39. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(91)90014-T.
  5. ^ a b c Falcon-Lang, Howard J. (2011). "Fossil wood". Geology Today. 27 (4): 154–158. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2011.00803.x. S2CID 247666981.
  6. ^ Santos, Ângela Cristine Scaramuzza; Siegloch, Anelise Marta; Guerra-Sommer, Margot; Degani-Schmidt, Isabela; Carvalho, Ismar (December 2021). "Agathoxylon santanensis sp. nov. from the Aptian Crato fossil Lagerstätte, Santana Formation, Araripe Basin, Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 112: 103633. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103633. S2CID 244110901.
  7. ^ Thevenard, Frédéric; Chernomorets, Oleksandra; Moreau, Jean-David; Neraudeau, Didier; Philippe, Marc (2022-08-30). "A review of the Hirmeriellaceae (Cheirolepidiaceae) wood". IAWA Journal. 43 (4): 428–447. doi:10.1163/22941932-bja10099. ISSN 0928-1541. S2CID 252025365.
  8. ^ a b R. Rößler, M. Philippe, J. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, S. Mcloughlin, J. Sakala and G. Zijlstra (2014). "Which name(s) should be used for Araucaria-like fossil wood?—Results of a poll". Taxon. 63: 177–184. doi:10.12705/631.7. hdl:1874/306568. S2CID 42143019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ D.H. Scott (1909). Studies in fossil botany. Vol. 2 Spermophyta. Adam and Charles Black, London.
  10. ^ Philippe, Marc (2011). "How many species of Araucarioxylon?". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 10 (2–3): 201–208. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2010.10.010.
  11. ^ Frank H. Knowlton (1889). "New species of fossil wood (Araucarioxylon arizonicum) from Arizona and New Mexico" (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 11 (676): 1–5. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.11-676.1.
  12. ^ M. Bamford and M. Philippe (2001). "Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Gondwanan homoxylous woods: a nomenclatural revision of the genera with taxonomic notes". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 113 (4): 287–297. doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00065-8. PMID 11179718.
  13. ^ M. Philippe and M. Bamford (2008). "A key to morphogenera used for Mesozoic conifer-like woods". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 148 (2–4): 184–207. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.09.004.
  14. ^ a b Mencl, Václav; Matysová, Petra; Sakala, Jakub (2009). "Silicified wood from the Czech part of the Intra Sudetic Basin (Late Pennsylvanian, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic): Systematics, silicification and palaeoenvironment". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 252 (3): 269. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0252-0269.
  15. ^ M.K. Bamford, Bruce Cairncross and H. Lombard (2020). "Silicified fossil woods from the Late Permian Middleton Formation, Beaufort Group, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and their palaeoenvironmental significance". South African Journal of Geology. 123 (4): 465–478. doi:10.25131/sajg.123.0036. S2CID 228943477.
  16. ^ M. de Wit, M. Bamford & C. van Waarden (2018). "Fossil trees from the basal Triassic Lebung Group at the Makgaba site, west of Mokubilo, Botswana". Palaeontologica Africana. 52: 194–200.
  17. ^ Roberto R. Pujana, Maria Eugenia Raffi and Eduardo B. Olivero (2017). "Conifer fossil woods from the Santa Marta Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Brandy Bay, James Ross Island, Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 77: 28–38. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.04.016.
  18. ^ Pujana, R. R., Wilf, P., & Gandolfo, M. A. (2020). Conifer wood assemblage dominated by Podocarpaceae, early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, central Argentinean Patagonia. PhytoKeys, 156, 81–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.54175
  19. ^ Natasha Barbolini, Marion Bamford and Steve Tolan (2016). "Permo-Triassic palynology and palaeobotany of Zambia: A review". Palaeontologica Africana. 50: 18–30.
  20. ^ D. Vogellehner (1965). "Untersuchungen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Verkieselten Holzer aus dem Frankischen und Sunthuringischen Keuper". Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen. 59: 1–76.
  21. ^ H.K. Maheshwari (1963). "Studies on the Glossopteris flora of India - 16. Dadoxylon jamudhiense, a new species of fossil wood from the Raniganj stage of Jharia Coalfield, Bihar". The Palaeobotanist. 14: 267–269.
  22. ^ M.N.V. Prasad (1982). "An annotated synopsis of Indian Palaeozoic gymnospermous woods". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 38 (1–2): 119–156. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(82)90053-7.
  23. ^ Marion Bamford (1997). "Fossil wood from the Boteti River and Tshaitshe, Botswana". Botswana Notes and Records. 29: 1–8. JSTOR 40980182.
  24. ^ W.N. Edwards (1933). "Triassic wood from the Malay States". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 11 (2 (117)): 236–241. JSTOR 41559820.
  25. ^ W.S. Lacey and R.C. Lucas (1984). "Plants from the Luangwa and Luano Valleys of Zambia and their bearing on age determination". Fossil Evolutionary Botany and Biostratigraphy. A.K. Ghosh Commemorative Volume: 451–461.
  26. ^ E. Iamandei and S. Iamandei (2004). "New conifers in the Late Cretaceous lignoflora from the South Apuseni". Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae. 4: 137–150.
  27. ^ a b Nugent, Chris (1990). "The Zambezi River: Tectonism, climatic change and drainage evolution". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 78 (1–2): 55–69. Bibcode:1990PPP....78...55N. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90204-K.
  28. ^ Colin MacRae (1999). Life etched in stone: Fossils of South Africa. The Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg.
  29. ^ Naugolnykh, S. V.; Ponomarenko, A. G. (2010). "Possible traces of feeding by beetles in coniferophyte wood from the Kazanian of the Kama River basin". Paleontological Journal. 44 (4): 468. doi:10.1134/S0031030110040131. S2CID 129151531.
  30. ^ Hatice Kutluk, Osman Kır and Ünal Akkemik (2012). "fIrst Report of Araucariaceae wood (Agathoxylon sp.) from the Late Cretaceous of Turkey". IAWA Journal. 33 (3): 319–326. doi:10.1163/22941932-90000097.
  31. ^ Francine Kurzawe and Sheila Merlotti. (PDF). Pesquisas em Geociências. 36: 223–232. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
  32. ^ Marion Bamford (1999). "Permo-Triassic fossil woods from the South African Karoo Basin". Palaeontologica Africana. 35: 25–40.
  33. ^ P.M. Oesterlen (1990). "The geology of the Dande West area (western Cabora Bassa Basin) - a preliminary report". Annals of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey. 14: 12–20.
  34. ^ D. Love (1997). "The geology of the Chirundu area, Zambezi Valley". Annals of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey. 18: 18–26.

December 15, 2023
agathoxylon, also, known, synonyms, dadoxylon, araucarioxylon, form, genus, fossil, wood, including, massive, tree, trunks, although, identified, from, late, palaeozoic, mesozoic, common, from, carboniferous, triassic, represents, wood, multiple, conifer, grou. Agathoxylon also known by the synonyms Dadoxylon and Araucarioxylon 3 is a form genus of fossil wood including massive tree trunks Although identified from the late Palaeozoic to the end of the Mesozoic 4 Agathoxylon is common from the Carboniferous to Triassic 5 Agathoxylon represents the wood of multiple conifer groups including both Araucariaceae 6 and Cheirolepidiaceae 7 with late Paleozoic and Triassic forms possibly representing other conifers or other seed plant groups like pteridosperms 8 AgathoxylonTemporal range Late Carboniferous Maastrichtian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NAgathoxylon fossil trunks from the Bumi Hills area of ZimbabweScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade GymnospermaeDivision PinophytaClass PinopsidaOrder PinalesGenus AgathoxylonHartig 1848Type species Agathoxylon cordaianumHartig 1848SpeciesSee textSynonymsAgathoxylon synonymy AgathoxylonP Greguss 1952 1 AraucariopsisCasparyAraucarioxylonKraus 2 CordaioxylonFelixCordaixylonGrandCordaitesDadoxylonEndlicherDammaroxylonJ Schultze MotelPalaeoxylonA T BrongniartPeuceLindley amp W HuttonPlatyspiroxylonP GregussSimplicioxylonG Andreanszky Contents 1 Description 2 Systematics 2 1 Species 3 Distribution 4 ReferencesDescription editAgathoxylon were large trees that bore long strap like leaves and trunks with small narrow rays 5 Often the original cellular structure is preserved as a result of silica in solution in the ground water becoming deposited within the wood cells This mode of fossilization is termed permineralization Systematics editAs a genus Dadoxylon was poorly defined and apart from Araucariaceae has been associated with fossil wood as diverse as Cordaitales 9 Glossopteridales and Podocarpaceae Furthermore it may be the same form genus as Araucarioxylon hence the usage Dadoxylon Araucarioxylon 10 The genus Agathoxylon classified under the family Araucariaceae 11 has nomenclatural priority over the genera Araucarioxylon and Dadoxylon 12 13 8 Several Dadoxylon species such as D brandlingii and D saxonicum have been identified as Araucarites 14 D arberi and D sp 1 were synonymised with the glossopterid species Australoxylon teixterae and A natalense respectively while D sp 2 was transferred to Protophyllocladoxylon Species edit Agathoxylon arizonicum Araucarioxylon arizonicum Chinle Formation Arizona New Mexico United States Late Triassic Agathoxylon africanum Bamford 1999 Araucarioxylon africanum Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone Middleton Formation and Normandien Formation to Cynognathus Assemblage Zone Burgersdorp Formation and Driekoppen Formation Beaufort Group South Africa 15 and Lebung Group Botswana 16 Agathoxylon agathioides Krausel amp Jain La Matilde Formation Argentina Agathoxylon antarcticus Poole amp Cantrill 2001 Pujana et al 2014 A matildense Araucarioxylon antarcticus Santa Marta Formation and La Meseta Formation Antarctica 17 18 Agathoxylon arberi Seward 1919 Dadoxylon arberi Agathoxylon australe Dadoxylon australe Agathoxylon bougheyi Williams Dadoxylon bougheyi Madumabisa Mudstone Formation Zambia and Somabula Beds Zimbabwe 19 Agathoxylon cordaianum Hartig 1848 Agathoxylon desnoyersii Phillipe 2011 Araucarioxylon desnoyersii Agathoxylon duplicatum Vogellehner 1965 Dadoxylon duplicatum Germany 20 Agathoxylon jamudhiense Maheshwari 1963 Dadoxylon jamudhiense India 21 Agathoxylon karooensis Bamford 1999 Araucarioxylon karooensis Daptocephalus AZ Middleton and Normandien Formations South Africa Agathoxylon kellerense Lucas and Lacey 1984 Araucarioxylon kellerense Dadoxylon kellerense Santa Marta Formation Antarctica Agathoxylon lemonii Tidwell amp Thayn 1986 Dakota Formation Utah Agathoxylon maharashtraensis Prasad 1982 Dadoxylon maharashtraensis India 22 Agathoxylon parenchymatosum Vogellehner 1965 Araucarioxylon parenchymatosum Dadoxylon parenchymatosum Forest Sandstone Formation Botswana 23 Agathoxylon pseudoparenchymatosum Gothan 1908 Pujana et al 2014 Araucarioxylon chilense A kerguelense A novaezeelandii A pseudoparenchymatosum Dadoxylon kaiparaense D kergulense D pseudoparenchymatosum Santa Marta Formation Antarctica Agathoxylon santacruzense Kloster and Gnaedinger 2018 La Matilde Formation Argentina Agathoxylon santalense Sah amp Jain La Matilde Formation Argentina Agathoxylon sclerosum Walton Krausel 1956 Dadoxylon sclerosum Kaokoxylon sclerosum Malay Peninsula 24 Dwyka Group to Molteno Formation Stormberg Group South Africa and Ntawere Formation Zambia 25 Agathoxylon termieri Attims Gnaedinger amp Herbst La Matilde Formation Argentina Agathoxylon ulmitus Iamandei amp Iamandei 2004 Romania 26 Agathoxylon woodworthii Knowlton 1899 Dadoxylon woodworthii United StatesDistribution editAgathoxylon is common in many parts of the world found in sites of both Gondwana and Laurasia and reported from southern Africa 27 28 Asia 29 the Middle East 30 Europe 14 South America 31 3 and North America 5 In southern Africa Agathoxylon is widespread in the Karoo Supergroup 32 In Zimbabwe it is especially encountered in the Pebbly Arkose Formation 27 and also reported frequently from the Angwa Sandstone Formation 33 34 References edit E R Farr G Zijlstra eds 1996 Index Nominum Genericorum ING A compilation of generic names published for organisms covered by the ICN International Code of Nomenclature for Algae Fungi and Plants previously organisms covered by the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature Torrey R E 1923 The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Coniferales Part 3 Mesozoic and Tertiary coniferous woods Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 3 Vol 6 no 2 Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History pp 38 103 a b Adriana Kloster and Silvia Gnaedinger 2018 Coniferous wood of Agathoxylon from the La Matilde Formation Middle Jurassic Santa Cruz Argentina Journal of Paleontology 92 2 1 22 doi 10 1017 jpa 2017 145 hdl 11336 91290 S2CID 134153671 Giraud Bernadette 1991 Les especes du genre Dadoxylon depuis 1962 Leur repartition et leur evolution du Permien a la fin du Mesozoique Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 67 1 2 13 39 doi 10 1016 0034 6667 91 90014 T a b c Falcon Lang Howard J 2011 Fossil wood Geology Today 27 4 154 158 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2451 2011 00803 x S2CID 247666981 Santos Angela Cristine Scaramuzza Siegloch Anelise Marta Guerra Sommer Margot Degani Schmidt Isabela Carvalho Ismar December 2021 Agathoxylon santanensis sp nov from the Aptian Crato fossil Lagerstatte Santana Formation Araripe Basin Brazil Journal of South American Earth Sciences 112 103633 doi 10 1016 j jsames 2021 103633 S2CID 244110901 Thevenard Frederic Chernomorets Oleksandra Moreau Jean David Neraudeau Didier Philippe Marc 2022 08 30 A review of the Hirmeriellaceae Cheirolepidiaceae wood IAWA Journal 43 4 428 447 doi 10 1163 22941932 bja10099 ISSN 0928 1541 S2CID 252025365 a b R Rossler M Philippe J van Konijnenburg van Cittert S Mcloughlin J Sakala and G Zijlstra 2014 Which name s should be used for Araucaria like fossil wood Results of a poll Taxon 63 177 184 doi 10 12705 631 7 hdl 1874 306568 S2CID 42143019 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link D H Scott 1909 Studies in fossil botany Vol 2 Spermophyta Adam and Charles Black London Philippe Marc 2011 How many species of Araucarioxylon Comptes Rendus Palevol 10 2 3 201 208 doi 10 1016 j crpv 2010 10 010 Frank H Knowlton 1889 New species of fossil wood Araucarioxylon arizonicum from Arizona and New Mexico PDF Proceedings of the United States National Museum 11 676 1 5 doi 10 5479 si 00963801 11 676 1 M Bamford and M Philippe 2001 Jurassic Early Cretaceous Gondwanan homoxylous woods a nomenclatural revision of the genera with taxonomic notes Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 113 4 287 297 doi 10 1016 S0034 6667 00 00065 8 PMID 11179718 M Philippe and M Bamford 2008 A key to morphogenera used for Mesozoic conifer like woods Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 148 2 4 184 207 doi 10 1016 j revpalbo 2007 09 004 a b Mencl Vaclav Matysova Petra Sakala Jakub 2009 Silicified wood from the Czech part of the Intra Sudetic Basin Late Pennsylvanian Bohemian Massif Czech Republic Systematics silicification and palaeoenvironment Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 252 3 269 doi 10 1127 0077 7749 2009 0252 0269 M K Bamford Bruce Cairncross and H Lombard 2020 Silicified fossil woods from the Late Permian Middleton Formation Beaufort Group Eastern Cape Province South Africa and their palaeoenvironmental significance South African Journal of Geology 123 4 465 478 doi 10 25131 sajg 123 0036 S2CID 228943477 M de Wit M Bamford amp C van Waarden 2018 Fossil trees from the basal Triassic Lebung Group at the Makgaba site west of Mokubilo Botswana Palaeontologica Africana 52 194 200 Roberto R Pujana Maria Eugenia Raffi and Eduardo B Olivero 2017 Conifer fossil woods from the Santa Marta Formation Upper Cretaceous Brandy Bay James Ross Island Antarctica Cretaceous Research 77 28 38 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2017 04 016 Pujana R R Wilf P amp Gandolfo M A 2020 Conifer wood assemblage dominated by Podocarpaceae early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco central Argentinean Patagonia PhytoKeys 156 81 102 https doi org 10 3897 phytokeys 156 54175 Natasha Barbolini Marion Bamford and Steve Tolan 2016 Permo Triassic palynology and palaeobotany of Zambia A review Palaeontologica Africana 50 18 30 D Vogellehner 1965 Untersuchungen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Verkieselten Holzer aus dem Frankischen und Sunthuringischen Keuper Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen 59 1 76 H K Maheshwari 1963 Studies on the Glossopteris flora of India 16 Dadoxylon jamudhiense a new species of fossil wood from the Raniganj stage of Jharia Coalfield Bihar The Palaeobotanist 14 267 269 M N V Prasad 1982 An annotated synopsis of Indian Palaeozoic gymnospermous woods Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 38 1 2 119 156 doi 10 1016 0034 6667 82 90053 7 Marion Bamford 1997 Fossil wood from the Boteti River and Tshaitshe Botswana Botswana Notes and Records 29 1 8 JSTOR 40980182 W N Edwards 1933 Triassic wood from the Malay States Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 11 2 117 236 241 JSTOR 41559820 W S Lacey and R C Lucas 1984 Plants from the Luangwa and Luano Valleys of Zambia and their bearing on age determination Fossil Evolutionary Botany and Biostratigraphy A K Ghosh Commemorative Volume 451 461 E Iamandei and S Iamandei 2004 New conifers in the Late Cretaceous lignoflora from the South Apuseni Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 4 137 150 a b Nugent Chris 1990 The Zambezi River Tectonism climatic change and drainage evolution Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 78 1 2 55 69 Bibcode 1990PPP 78 55N doi 10 1016 0031 0182 90 90204 K Colin MacRae 1999 Life etched in stone Fossils of South Africa The Geological Society of South Africa Johannesburg Naugolnykh S V Ponomarenko A G 2010 Possible traces of feeding by beetles in coniferophyte wood from the Kazanian of the Kama River basin Paleontological Journal 44 4 468 doi 10 1134 S0031030110040131 S2CID 129151531 Hatice Kutluk Osman Kir and Unal Akkemik 2012 fIrst Report of Araucariaceae wood Agathoxylon sp from the Late Cretaceous of Turkey IAWA Journal 33 3 319 326 doi 10 1163 22941932 90000097 Francine Kurzawe and Sheila Merlotti O complexo Dadoxylon Araucarioxylon Carbonifero e Permiano do Gondwana estudo taxonomico do genero Dadoxylon PDF Pesquisas em Geociencias 36 223 232 Archived from the original PDF on 2012 04 06 Retrieved 2012 03 08 Marion Bamford 1999 Permo Triassic fossil woods from the South African Karoo Basin Palaeontologica Africana 35 25 40 P M Oesterlen 1990 The geology of the Dande West area western Cabora Bassa Basin a preliminary report Annals of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey 14 12 20 D Love 1997 The geology of the Chirundu area Zambezi Valley Annals of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey 18 18 26 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agathoxylon amp oldid 1170358159, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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