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Apollonius Dyscolus

November 29, 2023

Apollonius Dyscolus (Greek: Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ Δύσκολος; reached his maturity sometime around 130 CE) is considered one of the greatest of the Greek grammarians.

Apollonius Dyscolus
Born2nd century
Alexandria
Died2nd century
OccupationGrammarian
ParentMnesitheus of Alexandria (father)

Life edit

Little is known of Apollonius Dyscolus, other than that he was born at Alexandria, son of Mnesitheus. The precise dates for his life are not known. His son Aelius Herodianus, who wrote on phonology, appears to have moved to Rome at the time of Marcus Aurelius. From this it is inferred that his father must have been a contemporary of Hadrian, and may have spent a short period in Rome during the reign of Antoninus Pius.[1] One tradition holds that he was so poor that he could not afford papyri to write on, and was constrained to avail himself of potsherds to write down his thoughts. His monicker ho dúskolos signifying "the difficult" or "crabby/grouchy" may reflect the sour temper of someone reduced to eking out a living in extreme indigence.[1] Various interpretations have been advanced arguing the nickname was expressive of his highly compressed, difficult style, or as illustrating his cantankerously disputatious manner, or as alluding to his habit of citing arcane words in contests with other grammarians, in order to perplex them.[2] He died in poverty in what was formerly the royal quarter of the city of Alexandria.[1]

Works edit

He was the founder of scientific syntax, and is styled by Priscian maximus auctor artis grammaticae ('the greatest authority on the science of grammar'),[3][4] and grammaticorum princeps ('prince of grammarians').[5] He wrote extensively on the parts of speech. Of the twenty books named in the Suda,[6] four are extant: on syntax,[7] and three smaller treatises: on adverbs,[8] on conjunctions,[9] and on pronouns.[10] One characteristic which was to influence later generations was Apollonius' deployment of philosophical concepts in grammatical analysis. The earlier Alexandrine grammatical tradition was familiar with distinctions such as that between genos and eidos, but these were not used in refining distinctions between the parts of speech. Apollonius drew on Stoic ontology to analyse the noun and the verb.[11]

Like his son, Aelius Herodianus, he had an enormous influence on all later grammarians.

Notes edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c Sandys 2010, p. 312.
  2. ^ Householder 1981, pp. 4–5.
  3. ^ Sandys 2010, p. 314.
  4. ^ Robins 2011, p. 31.
  5. ^ Mandilarás 1973, p. 7 ?
  6. ^ Suda α 3422
  7. ^ Lallot 1997a ?
  8. ^ Schneider 1878, pp. 119–210.
  9. ^ Schneider 1878, pp. 213–258.
  10. ^ Schneider 1878, pp. 3–116.
  11. ^ Luhtala 2005, p. 152.

Sources edit

  • Householder, Fred Walter (1981). The Syntax of Apollonius Dyscolus. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-9-027-24504-5.
  • Ildefonse, Frédérique (1997). La Naissance de la Grammaire dans l'Antiquité grecque. Paris: Vrin. pp. 253–445. ISBN 2-7116-1311-9.
  • Lallot, Jean (1997a). Apollonius Dyscole: De la construction: Introduction, texte et traduction. Vol. 1. Paris: CNRS Éditions. ISBN 978-2-711-61321-2.
  • Lallot, Jean (1997b). Apollonius Dyscole: De la construction: Notes et index. Vol. 2. Paris: CNRS Éditions. ISBN 978-2-711-61321-2.
  • Luhtala, Anneli (2005). Grammar and Philosophy in Late Antiquity: A Study of Priscian's Sources. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-9-027-24598-4.
  • Mandilarás, Vassileios (1973). The Verb in the Greek Non-literary Papyri. Athens: Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Scienbces.
  • Robins, Robert H. (2011) [First published 1993]. The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-110-85722-1.
  • Sandys, John Edwin (2010) [First published 1903]. A History of Classical Scholarship: From the End of the Sixth Century B.C. to the End of the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-02706-9.
  • Schneider, Richard (1878). Apollonii Scripta minora. Teubner.

Further reading edit

  • Andreas U. Schmidhauser, "Apollonius Dyscolus. De pronomine pars generalis", PhD thesis, University of Geneva, 2007. Comprehensive critical text with English translation.

External links edit

  • Apollonius Dyscolus – a website dedicated to Apollonius.
  • Grecae linguae dialecti, in scholae regiae westmonasteriensis usum (...) praefationem & appendicem ex Apollonii Dyscoli fragmento inedito, J. F. Reitzius (ed.), Hgae-comitis, apud Joannem Neaulme, Biblipolam., 1738.
  • Historiae commentitiae liber, sive historiae mirabiles, Guilielmus Xyladrus, Joannes Meursius, Ludovicus Henricus Teucherus (ed.), Lipsiae in bibliopolio gleditschiano, 1792.
  • De pronomine liber, Immanuel Bekker (ed.), Berolini, in libraria scholae realis, 1813.
  • De constructione orationis libri quatuor, Immanuel Bekker (ed.), Berolini impensis Ge. Reimeri, 1817.

November 29, 2023
apollonius, dyscolus, greek, Ἀπολλώνιος, Δύσκολος, reached, maturity, sometime, around, considered, greatest, greek, grammarians, born2nd, centuryalexandriadied2nd, centuryoccupationgrammarianparentmnesitheus, alexandria, father, contents, life, works, notes, . Apollonius Dyscolus Greek Ἀpollwnios ὁ Dyskolos reached his maturity sometime around 130 CE is considered one of the greatest of the Greek grammarians Apollonius DyscolusBorn2nd centuryAlexandriaDied2nd centuryOccupationGrammarianParentMnesitheus of Alexandria father Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 Notes 3 1 Citations 4 Sources 5 Further reading 6 External linksLife editLittle is known of Apollonius Dyscolus other than that he was born at Alexandria son of Mnesitheus The precise dates for his life are not known His son Aelius Herodianus who wrote on phonology appears to have moved to Rome at the time of Marcus Aurelius From this it is inferred that his father must have been a contemporary of Hadrian and may have spent a short period in Rome during the reign of Antoninus Pius 1 One tradition holds that he was so poor that he could not afford papyri to write on and was constrained to avail himself of potsherds to write down his thoughts His monicker ho duskolos signifying the difficult or crabby grouchy may reflect the sour temper of someone reduced to eking out a living in extreme indigence 1 Various interpretations have been advanced arguing the nickname was expressive of his highly compressed difficult style or as illustrating his cantankerously disputatious manner or as alluding to his habit of citing arcane words in contests with other grammarians in order to perplex them 2 He died in poverty in what was formerly the royal quarter of the city of Alexandria 1 Works editHe was the founder of scientific syntax and is styled by Priscian maximus auctor artis grammaticae the greatest authority on the science of grammar 3 4 and grammaticorum princeps prince of grammarians 5 He wrote extensively on the parts of speech Of the twenty books named in the Suda 6 four are extant on syntax 7 and three smaller treatises on adverbs 8 on conjunctions 9 and on pronouns 10 One characteristic which was to influence later generations was Apollonius deployment of philosophical concepts in grammatical analysis The earlier Alexandrine grammatical tradition was familiar with distinctions such as that between genos and eidos but these were not used in refining distinctions between the parts of speech Apollonius drew on Stoic ontology to analyse the noun and the verb 11 Like his son Aelius Herodianus he had an enormous influence on all later grammarians Notes editCitations edit a b c Sandys 2010 p 312 Householder 1981 pp 4 5 Sandys 2010 p 314 Robins 2011 p 31 Mandilaras 1973 p 7 Suda a 3422 Lallot 1997a Schneider 1878 pp 119 210 Schneider 1878 pp 213 258 Schneider 1878 pp 3 116 Luhtala 2005 p 152 Sources editHouseholder Fred Walter 1981 The Syntax of Apollonius Dyscolus John Benjamins Publishing ISBN 978 9 027 24504 5 Ildefonse Frederique 1997 La Naissance de la Grammaire dans l Antiquite grecque Paris Vrin pp 253 445 ISBN 2 7116 1311 9 Lallot Jean 1997a Apollonius Dyscole De la construction Introduction texte et traduction Vol 1 Paris CNRS Editions ISBN 978 2 711 61321 2 Lallot Jean 1997b Apollonius Dyscole De la construction Notes et index Vol 2 Paris CNRS Editions ISBN 978 2 711 61321 2 Luhtala Anneli 2005 Grammar and Philosophy in Late Antiquity A Study of Priscian s Sources John Benjamins Publishing ISBN 978 9 027 24598 4 Mandilaras Vassileios 1973 The Verb in the Greek Non literary Papyri Athens Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Scienbces Robins Robert H 2011 First published 1993 The Byzantine Grammarians Their Place in History Walter de Gruyter ISBN 978 3 110 85722 1 Sandys John Edwin 2010 First published 1903 A History of Classical Scholarship From the End of the Sixth Century B C to the End of the Middle Ages Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 108 02706 9 Schneider Richard 1878 Apollonii Scripta minora Teubner Further reading editAndreas U Schmidhauser Apollonius Dyscolus De pronomine pars generalis PhD thesis University of Geneva 2007 Comprehensive critical text with English translation External links editApollonius Dyscolus a website dedicated to Apollonius Grecae linguae dialecti in scholae regiae westmonasteriensis usum praefationem amp appendicem ex Apollonii Dyscoli fragmento inedito J F Reitzius ed Hgae comitis apud Joannem Neaulme Biblipolam 1738 Historiae commentitiae liber sive historiae mirabiles Guilielmus Xyladrus Joannes Meursius Ludovicus Henricus Teucherus ed Lipsiae in bibliopolio gleditschiano 1792 De pronomine liber Immanuel Bekker ed Berolini in libraria scholae realis 1813 De constructione orationis libri quatuor Immanuel Bekker ed Berolini impensis Ge Reimeri 1817 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Apollonius Dyscolus amp oldid 1147128326, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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