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Andrew Wiles

January 20, 2023

Sir Andrew John Wiles KBE FRS (born 11 April 1953)[1] is an English mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Oxford, specializing in number theory. He is best known for proving Fermat's Last Theorem, for which he was awarded the 2016 Abel Prize[6] and the 2017 Copley Medal by the Royal Society.[3] He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2000, and in 2018, was appointed the first Regius Professor of Mathematics at Oxford.[7] Wiles is also a 1997 MacArthur Fellow.

Sir

Andrew Wiles

KBE FRS
Wiles at the 61st birthday conference for Pierre Deligne at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2005
Born
Andrew John Wiles

(1953-04-11) 11 April 1953 (age 69)[1]
Cambridge, UK
NationalityBritish
EducationKing's College School, Cambridge
The Leys School[1]
Alma mater
Known forProving the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture for semistable elliptic curves, thereby proving Fermat's Last Theorem
Proving the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
Institutions
ThesisReciprocity Laws and the Conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer (1979)
Doctoral advisorJohn Coates[4][5]
Doctoral students

Education and early life

Wiles was born on 11 April 1953[8] in Cambridge, England, the son of Maurice Frank Wiles (1923–2005) and Patricia Wiles (née Mowll). From 1952–1955, his father worked as the chaplain at Ridley Hall, Cambridge, and later became the Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford.[1]

Wiles attended King's College School, Cambridge,[9] and The Leys School, Cambridge.[10]

Wiles states that he came across Fermat's Last Theorem on his way home from school when he was 10 years old. He stopped at his local library where he found a book The Last Problem, by Eric Temple Bell, about the theorem.[11] Fascinated by the existence of a theorem that was so easy to state that he, a ten-year-old, could understand it, but that no one had proven, he decided to be the first person to prove it. However, he soon realised that his knowledge was too limited, so he abandoned his childhood dream until it was brought back to his attention at the age of 33 by Ken Ribet's 1986 proof of the epsilon conjecture, which Gerhard Frey had previously linked to Fermat's famous equation.[12]

Career and research

In 1974, Wiles earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics at Merton College, Oxford.[1] Wiles's graduate research was guided by John Coates, beginning in the summer of 1975. Together they worked on the arithmetic of elliptic curves with complex multiplication by the methods of Iwasawa theory. He further worked with Barry Mazur on the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory over the rational numbers, and soon afterward, he generalized this result to totally real fields.[13]

In 1980, Wiles earned a PhD while at Clare College, Cambridge.[5] After a stay at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1981, Wiles became a Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University.[14]

In 1985–86, Wiles was a Guggenheim Fellow at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques near Paris and at the École Normale Supérieure. From 1988 to 1990, Wiles was a Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Oxford, and then he returned to Princeton. From 1994 to 2009, Wiles was a Eugene Higgins Professor at Princeton. He rejoined Oxford in 2011 as Royal Society Research Professor.[14]

In May 2018, Wiles was appointed Regius Professor of Mathematics at Oxford, the first in the university's history.[7]

Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem

Main article: Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem

Starting in mid-1986, based on successive progress of the previous few years of Gerhard Frey, Jean-Pierre Serre and Ken Ribet, it became clear that Fermat's Last Theorem could be proven as a corollary of a limited form of the modularity theorem (unproven at the time and then known as the "Taniyama–Shimura–Weil conjecture"). The modularity theorem involved elliptic curves, which was also Wiles's own specialist area.[15][16]

The conjecture was seen by contemporary mathematicians as important, but extraordinarily difficult or perhaps impossible to prove.[17]: 203–205, 223, 226  For example, Wiles's ex-supervisor John Coates stated that it seemed "impossible to actually prove",[17]: 226  and Ken Ribet considered himself "one of the vast majority of people who believed [it] was completely inaccessible", adding that "Andrew Wiles was probably one of the few people on earth who had the audacity to dream that you can actually go and prove [it]."[17]: 223 

Despite this, Wiles, with his from-childhood fascination with Fermat's Last Theorem, decided to undertake the challenge of proving the conjecture, at least to the extent needed for Frey's curve.[17]: 226  He dedicated all of his research time to this problem for over six years in near-total secrecy, covering up his efforts by releasing prior work in small segments as separate papers and confiding only in his wife.[17]: 229–230 

In June 1993, he presented his proof to the public for the first time at a conference in Cambridge.

He gave a lecture a day on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday with the title "Modular Forms, Elliptic Curves and Galois Representations". There was no hint in the title that Fermat's last theorem would be discussed, Dr. Ribet said. ... Finally, at the end of his third lecture, Dr. Wiles concluded that he had proved a general case of the Taniyama conjecture. Then, seemingly as an afterthought, he noted that that meant that Fermat's last theorem was true. Q.E.D.[18]

In August 1993, it was discovered that the proof contained a flaw in one area. Wiles tried and failed for over a year to repair his proof. According to Wiles, the crucial idea for circumventing—rather than closing—this area came to him on 19 September 1994, when he was on the verge of giving up. Together with his former student Richard Taylor, he published a second paper which circumvented the problem and thus completed the proof. Both papers were published in May 1995 in a dedicated issue of the Annals of Mathematics.[19][20]

Awards and honours

 
Andrew Wiles in front of the statue of Pierre de Fermat in Beaumont-de-Lomagne in 1995, Fermat's birthplace in southern France

Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem has stood up to the scrutiny of the world's other mathematical experts. Wiles was interviewed for an episode of the BBC documentary series Horizon[21] about Fermat's Last Theorem. This was broadcast as an episode of the PBS science television series Nova with the title "The Proof".[11] His work and life are also described in great detail in Simon Singh's popular book Fermat's Last Theorem.

Wiles has been awarded a number of major prizes in mathematics and science:

Wiles's 1987 certificate of election to the Royal Society reads:

Andrew Wiles is almost unique amongst number-theorists in his ability to bring to bear new tools and new ideas on some of the most intractable problems of number theory. His finest achievement to date has been his proof, in joint work with Mazur, of the "main conjecture" of Iwasawa theory for cyclotomic extensions of the rational field. This work settles many of the basic problems on cyclotomic fields which go back to Kummer, and is unquestionably one of the major advances in number theory in our times. Earlier he did deep work on the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer for elliptic curves with complex multiplication – one offshoot of this was his proof of an unexpected and beautiful generalization of the classical explicit reciprocity laws of Artin–Hasse–Iwasawa. Most recently, he has made new progress on the construction of ℓ-adic representations attached to Hilbert modular forms, and has applied these to prove the "main conjecture" for cyclotomic extensions of totally real fields – again a remarkable result since none of the classical tools of cyclotomic fields applied to these problems.[23]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Anon (2017). "Wiles, Sir Andrew (John)". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.39819. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b Castelvecchi, Davide (2016). "Fermat's last theorem earns Andrew Wiles the Abel Prize". Nature. 531 (7594): 287. Bibcode:2016Natur.531..287C. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.19552. PMID 26983518.
  3. ^ a b c "Mathematician Sir Andrew Wiles FRS wins the Royal Society's prestigious Copley Medal". The Royal Society. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Andrew Wiles at the Mathematics Genealogy Project  
  5. ^ a b Wiles, Andrew John (1978). Reciprocity laws and the conjecture of birch and swinnerton-dyer. lib.cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 500589130. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.477263.
  6. ^ "2016: Sir Andrew J. Wiles". www.abelprize.no. Retrieved 22 July 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ a b "Sir Andrew Wiles appointed first Regius Professor of Mathematics at Oxford". News & Events. University of Oxford. 31 May 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  8. ^ "Andrew Wiles". famous-mathematicians.com. 20 January 2012.
  9. ^ "Alumni". King's College School, Cambridge. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  10. ^ "Old Leysian Prof Sir Andrew Wiles wins the Copley Medal". The Leys & St Faith's Schools Foundation. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  11. ^ a b "Andrew Wiles on Solving Fermat". WGBH. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  12. ^ Chang, Sooyoung (2011). Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians. p. 207. ISBN 9789814282291.
  13. ^ a b "Andrew Wiles". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  14. ^ a b c d e O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (September 2009). "Andrew John Wiles Biography". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  15. ^ Brown, Peter (28 May 2015). "How Math's Most Famous Proof Nearly Broke". Nautilus. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  16. ^ Broad, William J. (31 January 2022). "Profiles in Science - The Texas Oil Heir Who Took On Math's Impossible Dare - James M. Vaughn Jr., wielding a fortune, argues that he brought about the Fermat breakthrough after the best and brightest had failed for centuries to solve the puzzle". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  17. ^ a b c d e Simon Singh (1997). Fermat's Last Theorem. ISBN 1-85702-521-0
  18. ^ Kolata, Gina (24 June 1993). "At Last, Shout of 'Eureka!' In Age-Old Math Mystery". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  19. ^ Wiles, Andrew (May 1995). "Issue 3". Annals of Mathematics. 141: 1–551. JSTOR i310703.
  20. ^ "Are mathematicians finally satisfied with Andrew Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem? Why has this theorem been so difficult to prove?". Scientific American. 21 October 1999. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  21. ^ "BBC TWO, Horizon Fermat's Last Theorem". BBC. 16 December 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  22. ^ . London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2022. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  23. ^ a b "EC/1989/39: Wiles, Sir Andrew John". The Royal Society. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  24. ^ "Andrew J. Wiles". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  25. ^ a b c Wiles Receives 2005 Shaw Prize. American Mathematical Society. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  26. ^ . National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  27. ^ Wiles Receives Ostrowski Prize. American Mathematical Society. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  28. ^ "1997 Cole Prize, Notices of the AMS" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
  29. ^ Paul Wolfskehl and the Wolfskehl Prize. American Mathematical Society. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  30. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  31. ^ "Andrew J. Wiles Awarded the "IMU Silver Plaque"". American Mathematical Society. 11 April 1953. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  32. ^ "Andrew Wiles Receives Faisal Prize" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  33. ^ (in Italian). University of Calabria. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  34. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". NASA. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
  35. ^ "No. 55710". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1999. p. 34.
  36. ^ . University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  37. ^ . The Washington Post. Associated Press. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016.
  38. ^ Sheena McKenzie, CNN (16 March 2016). "300-year-old math question solved, professor wins $700k – CNN". CNN. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  39. ^ "A British mathematician just won a $700,000 prize for solving this fascinating centuries-old math problem 22 years ago". Business Insider. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  40. ^ Iyengar, Rishi. "Andrew Wiles Wins 2016 Abel Prize for Fermat's Last Theorem". Time. Retrieved 19 March 2016.

External links

  • Profile from Oxford
  • Profile from Princeton

January 20, 2023
andrew, wiles, andrew, john, wiles, born, april, 1953, english, mathematician, royal, society, research, professor, university, oxford, specializing, number, theory, best, known, proving, fermat, last, theorem, which, awarded, 2016, abel, prize, 2017, copley, . Sir Andrew John Wiles KBE FRS born 11 April 1953 1 is an English mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Oxford specializing in number theory He is best known for proving Fermat s Last Theorem for which he was awarded the 2016 Abel Prize 6 and the 2017 Copley Medal by the Royal Society 3 He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2000 and in 2018 was appointed the first Regius Professor of Mathematics at Oxford 7 Wiles is also a 1997 MacArthur Fellow SirAndrew WilesKBE FRSWiles at the 61st birthday conference for Pierre Deligne at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2005BornAndrew John Wiles 1953 04 11 11 April 1953 age 69 1 Cambridge UKNationalityBritishEducationKing s College School CambridgeThe Leys School 1 Alma materUniversity of Oxford MA University of Cambridge PhD Known forProving the Taniyama Shimura conjecture for semistable elliptic curves thereby proving Fermat s Last TheoremProving the main conjecture of Iwasawa theoryAwardsWhitehead Prize 1988 Rolf Schock Prize 1995 Ostrowski Prize 1995 Fermat Prize 1995 Wolf Prize 1995 6 Royal Medal 1996 NAS Award in Mathematics 1996 Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences 1996 Cole Prize 1997 MacArthur Fellowship 1997 Wolfskehl Prize 1997 IMU Silver Plaque 1998 King Faisal International Prize in Science 1998 Shaw Prize 2005 Abel Prize 2016 2 Copley Medal 2017 3 De Morgan Medal 2019 Scientific careerFieldsMathematicsInstitutionsUniversity of Oxford Princeton UniversityThesisReciprocity Laws and the Conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton Dyer 1979 Doctoral advisorJohn Coates 4 5 Doctoral studentsManjul Bhargava Brian Conrad Ehud de Shalit Fred Diamond Ritabrata Munshi Karl Rubin Christopher Skinner Richard Taylor 4 Vinayak Vatsal Ravi Ramakrishna 4 Contents 1 Education and early life 2 Career and research 2 1 Proof of Fermat s Last Theorem 3 Awards and honours 4 References 5 External linksEducation and early life EditWiles was born on 11 April 1953 8 in Cambridge England the son of Maurice Frank Wiles 1923 2005 and Patricia Wiles nee Mowll From 1952 1955 his father worked as the chaplain at Ridley Hall Cambridge and later became the Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford 1 Wiles attended King s College School Cambridge 9 and The Leys School Cambridge 10 Wiles states that he came across Fermat s Last Theorem on his way home from school when he was 10 years old He stopped at his local library where he found a book The Last Problem by Eric Temple Bell about the theorem 11 Fascinated by the existence of a theorem that was so easy to state that he a ten year old could understand it but that no one had proven he decided to be the first person to prove it However he soon realised that his knowledge was too limited so he abandoned his childhood dream until it was brought back to his attention at the age of 33 by Ken Ribet s 1986 proof of the epsilon conjecture which Gerhard Frey had previously linked to Fermat s famous equation 12 Career and research EditIn 1974 Wiles earned his bachelor s degree in mathematics at Merton College Oxford 1 Wiles s graduate research was guided by John Coates beginning in the summer of 1975 Together they worked on the arithmetic of elliptic curves with complex multiplication by the methods of Iwasawa theory He further worked with Barry Mazur on the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory over the rational numbers and soon afterward he generalized this result to totally real fields 13 In 1980 Wiles earned a PhD while at Clare College Cambridge 5 After a stay at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton New Jersey in 1981 Wiles became a Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University 14 In 1985 86 Wiles was a Guggenheim Fellow at the Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques near Paris and at the Ecole Normale Superieure From 1988 to 1990 Wiles was a Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Oxford and then he returned to Princeton From 1994 to 2009 Wiles was a Eugene Higgins Professor at Princeton He rejoined Oxford in 2011 as Royal Society Research Professor 14 In May 2018 Wiles was appointed Regius Professor of Mathematics at Oxford the first in the university s history 7 Proof of Fermat s Last Theorem Edit Main article Wiles s proof of Fermat s Last Theorem Starting in mid 1986 based on successive progress of the previous few years of Gerhard Frey Jean Pierre Serre and Ken Ribet it became clear that Fermat s Last Theorem could be proven as a corollary of a limited form of the modularity theorem unproven at the time and then known as the Taniyama Shimura Weil conjecture The modularity theorem involved elliptic curves which was also Wiles s own specialist area 15 16 The conjecture was seen by contemporary mathematicians as important but extraordinarily difficult or perhaps impossible to prove 17 203 205 223 226 For example Wiles s ex supervisor John Coates stated that it seemed impossible to actually prove 17 226 and Ken Ribet considered himself one of the vast majority of people who believed it was completely inaccessible adding that Andrew Wiles was probably one of the few people on earth who had the audacity to dream that you can actually go and prove it 17 223 Despite this Wiles with his from childhood fascination with Fermat s Last Theorem decided to undertake the challenge of proving the conjecture at least to the extent needed for Frey s curve 17 226 He dedicated all of his research time to this problem for over six years in near total secrecy covering up his efforts by releasing prior work in small segments as separate papers and confiding only in his wife 17 229 230 In June 1993 he presented his proof to the public for the first time at a conference in Cambridge He gave a lecture a day on Monday Tuesday and Wednesday with the title Modular Forms Elliptic Curves and Galois Representations There was no hint in the title that Fermat s last theorem would be discussed Dr Ribet said Finally at the end of his third lecture Dr Wiles concluded that he had proved a general case of the Taniyama conjecture Then seemingly as an afterthought he noted that that meant that Fermat s last theorem was true Q E D 18 In August 1993 it was discovered that the proof contained a flaw in one area Wiles tried and failed for over a year to repair his proof According to Wiles the crucial idea for circumventing rather than closing this area came to him on 19 September 1994 when he was on the verge of giving up Together with his former student Richard Taylor he published a second paper which circumvented the problem and thus completed the proof Both papers were published in May 1995 in a dedicated issue of the Annals of Mathematics 19 20 Awards and honours Edit Andrew Wiles in front of the statue of Pierre de Fermat in Beaumont de Lomagne in 1995 Fermat s birthplace in southern France Wiles s proof of Fermat s Last Theorem has stood up to the scrutiny of the world s other mathematical experts Wiles was interviewed for an episode of the BBC documentary series Horizon 21 about Fermat s Last Theorem This was broadcast as an episode of the PBS science television series Nova with the title The Proof 11 His work and life are also described in great detail in Simon Singh s popular book Fermat s Last Theorem Wiles has been awarded a number of major prizes in mathematics and science Junior Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society 1988 1 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society FRS in 1989 22 23 Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1994 24 Schock Prize 1995 14 Fermat Prize 1995 25 Wolf Prize in Mathematics 1995 6 14 Elected a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences 1996 13 NAS Award in Mathematics from the National Academy of Sciences 1996 26 Royal Medal 1996 25 Ostrowski Prize 1996 27 Cole Prize 1997 28 MacArthur Fellowship 1997 Wolfskehl Prize 1997 29 see Paul Wolfskehl Elected member of the American Philosophical Society 1997 30 A silver plaque from the International Mathematical Union 1998 recognising his achievements in place of the Fields Medal which is restricted to those under 40 Wiles was 41 when he proved the theorem in 1994 31 King Faisal Prize 1998 32 Clay Research Award 1999 14 Premio Pitagora Croton 2004 33 Shaw Prize 2005 25 The asteroid 9999 Wiles was named after Wiles in 1999 34 Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire 2000 35 The building at the University of Oxford housing the Mathematical Institute is named after Wiles 36 Abel Prize 2016 2 37 38 39 40 Copley Medal 2017 3 Wiles s 1987 certificate of election to the Royal Society reads Andrew Wiles is almost unique amongst number theorists in his ability to bring to bear new tools and new ideas on some of the most intractable problems of number theory His finest achievement to date has been his proof in joint work with Mazur of the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory for cyclotomic extensions of the rational field This work settles many of the basic problems on cyclotomic fields which go back to Kummer and is unquestionably one of the major advances in number theory in our times Earlier he did deep work on the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton Dyer for elliptic curves with complex multiplication one offshoot of this was his proof of an unexpected and beautiful generalization of the classical explicit reciprocity laws of Artin Hasse Iwasawa Most recently he has made new progress on the construction of ℓ adic representations attached to Hilbert modular forms and has applied these to prove the main conjecture for cyclotomic extensions of totally real fields again a remarkable result since none of the classical tools of cyclotomic fields applied to these problems 23 References Edit a b c d e f Anon 2017 Wiles Sir Andrew John Who s Who ukwhoswho com online Oxford University Press ed A amp C Black an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc doi 10 1093 ww 9780199540884 013 39819 Subscription or UK public library membership required subscription required a b Castelvecchi Davide 2016 Fermat s last theorem earns Andrew Wiles the Abel Prize Nature 531 7594 287 Bibcode 2016Natur 531 287C doi 10 1038 nature 2016 19552 PMID 26983518 a b c Mathematician Sir Andrew Wiles FRS wins the Royal Society s prestigious Copley Medal The Royal Society Retrieved 27 May 2017 a b c Andrew Wiles at the Mathematics Genealogy Project a b Wiles Andrew John 1978 Reciprocity laws and the conjecture of birch and swinnerton dyer lib cam ac uk PhD thesis University of Cambridge OCLC 500589130 EThOS uk bl ethos 477263 2016 Sir Andrew J Wiles www abelprize no Retrieved 22 July 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Sir Andrew Wiles appointed first Regius Professor of Mathematics at Oxford News amp Events University of Oxford 31 May 2018 Retrieved 1 June 2018 Andrew Wiles famous mathematicians com 20 January 2012 Alumni King s College School Cambridge Retrieved 1 February 2022 Old Leysian Prof Sir Andrew Wiles wins the Copley Medal The Leys amp St Faith s Schools Foundation 2 November 2017 Retrieved 1 February 2022 a b Andrew Wiles on Solving Fermat WGBH Retrieved 16 March 2016 Chang Sooyoung 2011 Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians p 207 ISBN 9789814282291 a b Andrew Wiles National Academy of Sciences Retrieved 16 March 2016 a b c d e O Connor John J Robertson Edmund F September 2009 Andrew John Wiles Biography MacTutor History of Mathematics archive Retrieved 1 February 2022 Brown Peter 28 May 2015 How Math s Most Famous Proof Nearly Broke Nautilus Retrieved 16 March 2016 Broad William J 31 January 2022 Profiles in Science The Texas Oil Heir Who Took On Math s Impossible Dare James M Vaughn Jr wielding a fortune argues that he brought about the Fermat breakthrough after the best and brightest had failed for centuries to solve the puzzle The New York Times Retrieved 2 February 2022 a b c d e Simon Singh 1997 Fermat s Last Theorem ISBN 1 85702 521 0 Kolata Gina 24 June 1993 At Last Shout of Eureka In Age Old Math Mystery The New York Times Retrieved 21 January 2013 Wiles Andrew May 1995 Issue 3 Annals of Mathematics 141 1 551 JSTOR i310703 Are mathematicians finally satisfied with Andrew Wiles s proof of Fermat s Last Theorem Why has this theorem been so difficult to prove Scientific American 21 October 1999 Retrieved 16 March 2016 BBC TWO Horizon Fermat s Last Theorem BBC 16 December 2010 Retrieved 12 June 2014 Sir Andrew Wiles KBE FRS London Royal Society Archived from the original on 17 November 2015 Retrieved 1 February 2022 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety org website where All text published under the heading Biography on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License a b EC 1989 39 Wiles Sir Andrew John The Royal Society Retrieved 16 March 2016 Andrew J Wiles American Academy of Arts amp Sciences Retrieved 10 December 2021 a b c Wiles Receives 2005 Shaw Prize American Mathematical Society Retrieved 16 March 2016 NAS Award in Mathematics National Academy of Sciences Archived from the original on 29 December 2010 Retrieved 13 February 2011 Wiles Receives Ostrowski Prize American Mathematical Society Retrieved 16 March 2016 1997 Cole Prize Notices of the AMS PDF American Mathematical Society Archived PDF from the original on 9 October 2022 Retrieved 13 April 2008 Paul Wolfskehl and the Wolfskehl Prize American Mathematical Society Retrieved 16 March 2016 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 10 December 2021 Andrew J Wiles Awarded the IMU Silver Plaque American Mathematical Society 11 April 1953 Retrieved 12 June 2014 Andrew Wiles Receives Faisal Prize PDF American Mathematical Society Archived PDF from the original on 9 October 2022 Retrieved 12 June 2014 Premio Pitagora in Italian University of Calabria Archived from the original on 15 January 2014 Retrieved 16 March 2016 JPL Small Body Database Browser NASA Retrieved 11 May 2009 No 55710 The London Gazette Supplement 31 December 1999 p 34 Mathematical Institute University of Oxford Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 Retrieved 16 March 2016 British mathematician Sir Andrew Wiles gets Abel math prize The Washington Post Associated Press 15 March 2016 Archived from the original on 15 March 2016 Sheena McKenzie CNN 16 March 2016 300 year old math question solved professor wins 700k CNN CNN a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a author has generic name help A British mathematician just won a 700 000 prize for solving this fascinating centuries old math problem 22 years ago Business Insider Retrieved 19 March 2016 Iyengar Rishi Andrew Wiles Wins 2016 Abel Prize for Fermat s Last Theorem Time Retrieved 19 March 2016 External links EditAndrew Wiles at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Profile from Oxford Profile from Princeton Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Andrew Wiles amp oldid 1133735475, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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