The use of the word "atlas" in a geographical context dates from 1595 when the German-Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator published Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura ("Atlas or cosmographical meditations upon the creation of the universe and the universe as created"). This title provides Mercator's definition of the word as a description of the creation and form of the whole universe, not simply as a collection of maps. The volume that was published posthumously one year after his death is a wide-ranging text but, as the editions evolved, it became simply a collection of maps and it is in that sense that the word was used from the middle of the 17th century. The neologism coined by Mercator was a mark of his respect for the Titan Atlas, the "King of Mauretania", whom he considered to be the first great geographer.[1]
The first work that contained systematically arranged maps of uniform size representing the first modern atlas was prepared by Italian cartographer Pietro Coppo in the early 16th century; however, it was not published at that time, so it is conventionally not considered the first atlas. Rather, that title is awarded to the collection of maps Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by the Brabantian cartographer Abraham Ortelius printed in 1570.[citation needed]
Atlases published nowadays are quite different from those published in the 16th–19th centuries. Unlike today, most atlases were not bound and ready for the customer to buy, but their possible components were shelved separately. The client could select the contents to their liking, and have the maps coloured/gilded or not. The atlas was then bound. Thus, early printed atlases with the same title page can be different in contents.[3]
States began producing national atlases in the 19th century.[4]
Types of atlasesedit
A travel atlas is made for easy use during travel, and often has spiral bindings, so it may be folded flat. National atlases in Europe are typically printed at a scale of 1:250,000 to 1:500,000;[a] city atlases are 1:20,000 to 1:25,000,[b] doubling for the central area (for example, Geographers' A-Z Map Company's A–Z atlas of London is 1:22,000 for Greater London and 1:11,000 for Central London).[c][5] A travel atlas may also be referred to as a road map.[6]
A desk atlas is made similar to a reference book. It may be in hardback or paperback form.
There are atlases of the other planets (and their satellites) in the Solar System.[7]
Atlases of anatomy exist, mapping out organs of the human body or other organisms.[8]
^Mercator's own account of the reasons for choosing King Atlas are given in the preface of the 1595 atlas. A translation by David Sullivan is available in a digital version of the atlas published by . The text is freely available at the New York Society Library March 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, pdf page 104 (corresponding to p. 34 of Sullivan's text).
^Idrīsī, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Šarīf Abū ʿAbd Allâh al- (1100?-1165?) Auteur du texte; texte, محمد بن محمد الإديسي Auteur du; texte, AL-IDRĪSĪ Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Auteur du (1250–1325). Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Idrīsī. Nuzhat al-muštāq fī iḫtirāq al-āfāq.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Jan Smits, Todd Fell (2011). Early printed atlases: shaping Plato's 'Forms' into bibliographic descriptions. In: Journal of map & geography libraries : advances in geospatial information, collections & archives, (ISSN 1542-0353), 7(2011)2, p. 184-210.
^Short, John Rennie (2022). The Rise and Fall of the National Atlas in the Twentieth Century: Power, State and Territory. Anthem Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2s2pp1m. ISBN978-1-83998-304-7. JSTOR j.ctv2s2pp1m. S2CID 250944397.
^Greeley, Ronald; Batson, Raymond. The NASA Atlas of the Solar System. ISBN978-0521561273.
^Schwartz, John (2008-04-22). "The Body in Depth". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-05-07.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atlas.
Sources
On the origin of the term "Atlas" 2020-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
Online atlases
World Atlas
ÖROK-Atlas Online: Atlas on spatial development in Austria
MapChart EarthAtlas, free online atlas with interactive maps about topics like demography, economy, health and environment.
History of atlases
Atlases, at the US Library of Congress site - a discussion of many significant atlases, with some illustrations. Part of Geography and Maps, an Illustrated Guide.
Historical atlases online
Centennia Historical Atlas required reading at the US Naval Academy for over a decade.
Historical map web sites list, Perry–Castañeda Library, University of Texas
Composite atlas with maps, plans and views from the 16th-18th centuries, covering the globe, with about 16,000 images in total.
Manuscript Atlases held by the University of Pennsylvania Libraries 2022-07-06 at the Wayback Machine - fully digitized with descriptions.
Wikimapia a wikiproject designed to describe the entire world.
January 01, 1970
atlas, titan, condemned, hold, heavens, shoulders, mythology, atlas, experiment, large, hadron, collider, atlas, experiment, other, uses, disambiguation, atlas, collection, maps, typically, bundle, maps, earth, continent, region, earth, frontispiece, 1595, mer. For the Titan condemned to hold the heavens on his shoulders see Atlas mythology For the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider see ATLAS experiment For other uses see Atlas disambiguation An atlas is a collection of maps it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a continent or region of Earth Frontispiece of the 1595 Atlas of Mercator Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form but today many atlases are in multimedia formats In addition to presenting geographical features and political boundaries many atlases often feature geopolitical social religious and economic statistics They also have information about the map and places in it Contents 1 Etymology 2 History of atlases 3 Types of atlases 4 Selected atlases 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksEtymology editThe use of the word atlas in a geographical context dates from 1595 when the German Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator published Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura Atlas or cosmographical meditations upon the creation of the universe and the universe as created This title provides Mercator s definition of the word as a description of the creation and form of the whole universe not simply as a collection of maps The volume that was published posthumously one year after his death is a wide ranging text but as the editions evolved it became simply a collection of maps and it is in that sense that the word was used from the middle of the 17th century The neologism coined by Mercator was a mark of his respect for the Titan Atlas the King of Mauretania whom he considered to be the first great geographer 1 History of atlases edit nbsp The Maghreb south up in Muhammad al Idrisi s Nuzhat al Mushtaq نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق also known as the Tabula Rogeriana 12th century 2 nbsp World map Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Theatre of the Orb of the World by Abraham Ortelius 1570 nbsp Joan Blaeu s world map originally prepared by Blaeu for his Atlas Maior published in the first book of the Atlas van Loon 1664 nbsp Imperii Orientalis et Circumjacentium Regionum by Guillaume Delisle 1742 The first work that contained systematically arranged maps of uniform size representing the first modern atlas was prepared by Italian cartographer Pietro Coppo in the early 16th century however it was not published at that time so it is conventionally not considered the first atlas Rather that title is awarded to the collection of maps Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by the Brabantian cartographer Abraham Ortelius printed in 1570 citation needed Atlases published nowadays are quite different from those published in the 16th 19th centuries Unlike today most atlases were not bound and ready for the customer to buy but their possible components were shelved separately The client could select the contents to their liking and have the maps coloured gilded or not The atlas was then bound Thus early printed atlases with the same title page can be different in contents 3 States began producing national atlases in the 19th century 4 Types of atlases editA travel atlas is made for easy use during travel and often has spiral bindings so it may be folded flat National atlases in Europe are typically printed at a scale of 1 250 000 to 1 500 000 a city atlases are 1 20 000 to 1 25 000 b doubling for the central area for example Geographers A Z Map Company s A Z atlas of London is 1 22 000 for Greater London and 1 11 000 for Central London c 5 A travel atlas may also be referred to as a road map 6 A desk atlas is made similar to a reference book It may be in hardback or paperback form There are atlases of the other planets and their satellites in the Solar System 7 Atlases of anatomy exist mapping out organs of the human body or other organisms 8 Selected atlases editMain article List of atlases Some cartographically or commercially important atlases are 17th century and earlier Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 1570 atlas by Abraham Ortelius Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura Mercator Duisburg in present day Germany 1595 Atlas Novus Joan Blaeu Netherlands 1635 1658 Atlas Maior Blaeu Netherlands 1662 1667 Cartes generales de toutes les parties du monde France 1658 1676 Dell Arcano del Mare Robert Dudley England Italy 1645 1661 Piri Reis map Piri Reis Ottoman Empire 1570 1612 Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ortelius Netherlands 1570 1612 Klencke Atlas 1660 one of the world s largest books Britannia 1675 John Ogilby 1600 1676 first to be printed at a specific scale 1 63 360 or one inch to one mile 18th century Atlas Nouveau Amsterdam 1742 Britannia Depicta London 1720 Cary s New and Correct English Atlas London 1787 19th century Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas Germany 1881 1939 in the UK as Times Atlas of the World 1895 Rand McNally Atlas United States 1881 present Stielers Handatlas Germany 1817 1944 Times Atlas of the World United Kingdom 1895 present 20th century Atlante Internazionale del Touring Club Italiano Italy 1927 1978 Atlas Linguisticus Austria 1934 Atlas Mira Soviet Union Russia 1937 present Geographers A Z Street Atlas United Kingdom 1938 present Gran Atlas Aguilar Spain 1969 1970 The Historical Atlas of China China National Geographic Atlas of the World United States 1963 present Pergamon World Atlas 1962 1968 21st century North American Environmental AtlasSee also editAtlas of Our Changing Environment Bird atlas Ornithological data in map form Cartography Study and practice of making maps Cartopedia Atlas computer program Cloud atlas Compendium of cloud types European Atlas of the Seas Web based atlas Fictitious entry Deliberately incorrect entry in a reference work Geography Study of lands and inhabitants of Earth Google Maps Google s web mapping service launched 2005 Manifold Topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space NASA World Wind Open source virtual globePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets National Atlas of the United States Atlas published by the United States Department of the Interior from 1874 1997 Star atlas Part of astronomy concerned with mapping of starsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets TerraServer USA Online repository of US aerial imageryPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targetsNotes edit about 4 miles to the inch to about 71 2 miles inch about 3 inches mile to 21 2 inches mile About 4 inches mile and 8 inches mile References edit Mercator s own account of the reasons for choosing King Atlas are given in the preface of the 1595 atlas A translation by David Sullivan is available in a digital version of the atlas published by Octavo The text is freely available at the New York Society Library Archived March 10 2016 at the Wayback Machine pdf page 104 corresponding to p 34 of Sullivan s text Idrisi Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al Sarif Abu ʿAbd Allah al 1100 1165 Auteur du texte texte محمد بن محمد الإديسي Auteur du texte AL IDRiSi Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Auteur du 1250 1325 Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al Idrisi Nuzhat al mustaq fi iḫtiraq al afaq a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Jan Smits Todd Fell 2011 Early printed atlases shaping Plato s Forms into bibliographic descriptions In Journal of map amp geography libraries advances in geospatial information collections amp archives ISSN 1542 0353 7 2011 2 p 184 210 Short John Rennie 2022 The Rise and Fall of the National Atlas in the Twentieth Century Power State and Territory Anthem Press doi 10 2307 j ctv2s2pp1m ISBN 978 1 83998 304 7 JSTOR j ctv2s2pp1m S2CID 250944397 A Z London Geographers A Z Map Company ISBN 9780850394900 Road map Merriam Webster Retrieved 2012 05 31 Greeley Ronald Batson Raymond The NASA Atlas of the Solar System ISBN 978 0521561273 Schwartz John 2008 04 22 The Body in Depth The New York Times Retrieved 2015 05 07 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atlas Sources On the origin of the term Atlas Archived 2020 07 26 at the Wayback Machine Online atlases World Atlas OROK Atlas Online Atlas on spatial development in Austria Geography Network MapChart EarthAtlas free online atlas with interactive maps about topics like demography economy health and environment National Geographic MapMachine History of atlases Atlases at the US Library of Congress site a discussion of many significant atlases with some illustrations Part of Geography and Maps an Illustrated Guide Historical atlases online Centennia Historical Atlas required reading at the US Naval Academy for over a decade Historical map web sites list Perry Castaneda Library University of Texas Ryhiner Collection Composite atlas with maps plans and views from the 16th 18th centuries covering the globe with about 16 000 images in total Manuscript Atlases held by the University of Pennsylvania Libraries Archived 2022 07 06 at the Wayback Machine fully digitized with descriptions Historical Atlas in Persuasive Cartography The PJ Mode Collection Cornell University Library Other links Google Earth a visual 3D interactive atlas NASA s World Wind software Wikimapia a wikiproject designed to describe the entire world Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Atlas amp oldid 1222789170 Types of atlases, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
