Anatolian hunter-gatherer (AHG) is a distinct anatomically modern human archaeogenetic lineage, first identified in a 2019 study based on the remains of a single Epipaleolithic individual found in central Anatolia, radiocarbon dated to around 13,500 BCE. A population related to this individual was the main source of the ancestry of later Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (also known as Early European Farmers), who along with Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG) and Ancient North Eurasians (via Eastern Hunter Gatherers and or Western Steppe Herders) are one of the three currently known ancestral genetic contributors to present-day Europeans.[1]
Remains of the first anatolian hunter-gatherer discovered. Dated at 13,642-13,073 cal BCE.
The existence of this ancient population has been inferred through the genetic analysis of the remains of a man from the site of Pınarbaşı (37 ° 29'N, 33 ° 02'E), in central Anatolia, which has been dated at 13,642-13,073 cal BCE. This population is genetically differentiated from the rest of the known Pleistocene populations. [1]
It has been discovered that populations of the Anatolian Neolithic (Anatolian Neolithic Farmers) derive most of their ancestry from the AHG, with minor gene flow from Iranian/Caucasus and Levantine sources, suggesting that agriculture was adopted in situ by these hunter-gatherers and not spread by demic diffusion into the region. [1]
The Anatolian hunter gatherers began farming around 8300 BC,[2] at places such as Çayönü. Cows, sheep and goats may have been domesticated first in southern Turkey.[3]These farmers moved into Thrace (now European Turkey) around 7000 BC.[4]
Geneticsedit
Principal component analysis, location and datation of the individuals analyzed in Feldman et al. (2019). The PCA shows the genetic affinities of Anatolian hunter-gatherers with other ancient populations.
At the autosomal level, in the Principal component analysis (PCA) the analyzed AHG individual turns out to be close to two later Anatolian populations, the Anatolian Aceramic Farmers (AAF) dating from 8300-7800 BCE, and the Anatolian Ceramic Farmers (ACF) dating from 7000-6000 BCE. These early Anatolian farmers later replaced the European hunter-gatherer populations in Europe to a large extent, ultimately becoming the main genetic contribution to current European populations, especially those of the Mediterranean. In addition, their position in this analysis is intermediate between Natufian farmers and Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHG). This last point is confirmed by the ADMIXTURE and qp-Adm analysis and confirms the presence of hunter-gatherers of both European and Near-Eastern origins in Central Anatolia in the late Pleistocene. Mesolithic individuals from the Balkans, known as Iron Gates Hunter-Gatherers, are the most genetically similar group to the Anatolian Hunter-Gatherer lineage. Feldman et al. suggest that this affinity is not due to a genetic flow from the AHG to the ancestors of the Villabruna cluster, but on the contrary: there was a genetic flow from the ancestors of the Villabruna cluster to the ancestors of the AHG.[1]
The individual analyzed belongs to Y-chromosomal haplogroup C1a2 (C-V20), which has been found in some of the early WHGs, and mitochondrial haplogroup K2b. Both paternal and maternal lineages are rare in present-day Eurasian populations.[1]
^Feldman, Michal; Fernández-Domínguez, Eva; Reynolds, Luke; Baird, Douglas; Pearson, Jessica; Hershkovitz, Israel; May, Hila; Goring-Morris, Nigel; Benz, Marion; Gresky, Julia; Bianco, Raffaela A.; Fairbairn, Andrew; Mustafaoğlu, Gökhan; Stockhammer, Philipp W.; Posth, Cosimo (2019-03-31). "Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 1218. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1218F. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC6425003. PMID 30890703.
^"Where Did Agriculture Begin? In Turkey, 10,500 Years Ago". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
^Crow, Jim; Turner, Sam (December 2009). "Silivri and the Thracian hinterland of Istanbul: an historic landscape". Anatolian Studies. 59: 167–181. doi:10.1017/S0066154600000958. ISSN 2048-0849. S2CID 140654503.
Bibliographyedit
Feldman, Michal; Fernández-Domínguez, Eva; Reynolds, Luke; Baird, Douglas; Pearson, Jessica; Hershkovitz, Israel; May, Hila; Goring-Morris, Nigel; Benz, Marion; Gresky, Julia; Bianco, Raffaela A.; Fairbairn, Andrew; Mustafaoğlu, Gökhan; Stockhammer, Philipp W.; Posth, Cosimo (2019). "Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 1218. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC6425003. PMID 30890703.
December 15, 2023
anatolian, hunter, gatherers, anatolian, hunter, gatherer, distinct, anatomically, modern, human, archaeogenetic, lineage, first, identified, 2019, study, based, remains, single, epipaleolithic, individual, found, central, anatolia, radiocarbon, dated, around,. Anatolian hunter gatherer AHG is a distinct anatomically modern human archaeogenetic lineage first identified in a 2019 study based on the remains of a single Epipaleolithic individual found in central Anatolia radiocarbon dated to around 13 500 BCE A population related to this individual was the main source of the ancestry of later Anatolian Neolithic Farmers also known as Early European Farmers who along with Western Hunter Gatherers WHG and Ancient North Eurasians via Eastern Hunter Gatherers and or Western Steppe Herders are one of the three currently known ancestral genetic contributors to present day Europeans 1 Anatolian hunter gatherersPeriodUpper Paleolithic MesolithicDates15 000 8 000 BP Contents 1 Introduction 2 Genetics 2 1 Uniparental markers 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyIntroduction edit nbsp Remains of the first anatolian hunter gatherer discovered Dated at 13 642 13 073 cal BCE The existence of this ancient population has been inferred through the genetic analysis of the remains of a man from the site of Pinarbasi 37 29 N 33 02 E in central Anatolia which has been dated at 13 642 13 073 cal BCE This population is genetically differentiated from the rest of the known Pleistocene populations 1 It has been discovered that populations of the Anatolian Neolithic Anatolian Neolithic Farmers derive most of their ancestry from the AHG with minor gene flow from Iranian Caucasus and Levantine sources suggesting that agriculture was adopted in situ by these hunter gatherers and not spread by demic diffusion into the region 1 The Anatolian hunter gatherers began farming around 8300 BC 2 at places such as Cayonu Cows sheep and goats may have been domesticated first in southern Turkey 3 These farmers moved into Thrace now European Turkey around 7000 BC 4 Genetics edit nbsp Principal component analysis location and datation of the individuals analyzed in Feldman et al 2019 The PCA shows the genetic affinities of Anatolian hunter gatherers with other ancient populations At the autosomal level in the Principal component analysis PCA the analyzed AHG individual turns out to be close to two later Anatolian populations the Anatolian Aceramic Farmers AAF dating from 8300 7800 BCE and the Anatolian Ceramic Farmers ACF dating from 7000 6000 BCE These early Anatolian farmers later replaced the European hunter gatherer populations in Europe to a large extent ultimately becoming the main genetic contribution to current European populations especially those of the Mediterranean In addition their position in this analysis is intermediate between Natufian farmers and Western Hunter Gatherers WHG This last point is confirmed by the ADMIXTURE and qp Adm analysis and confirms the presence of hunter gatherers of both European and Near Eastern origins in Central Anatolia in the late Pleistocene Mesolithic individuals from the Balkans known as Iron Gates Hunter Gatherers are the most genetically similar group to the Anatolian Hunter Gatherer lineage Feldman et al suggest that this affinity is not due to a genetic flow from the AHG to the ancestors of the Villabruna cluster but on the contrary there was a genetic flow from the ancestors of the Villabruna cluster to the ancestors of the AHG 1 The AHG diverged from Caucasus hunter gatherer around 25 000 years ago citation needed Uniparental markers edit The individual analyzed belongs to Y chromosomal haplogroup C1a2 C V20 which has been found in some of the early WHGs and mitochondrial haplogroup K2b Both paternal and maternal lineages are rare in present day Eurasian populations 1 See also editEarly European FarmersReferences edit a b c d e Feldman et al 2019 Feldman Michal Fernandez Dominguez Eva Reynolds Luke Baird Douglas Pearson Jessica Hershkovitz Israel May Hila Goring Morris Nigel Benz Marion Gresky Julia Bianco Raffaela A Fairbairn Andrew Mustafaoglu Gokhan Stockhammer Philipp W Posth Cosimo 2019 03 31 Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia Nature Communications 10 1 1218 Bibcode 2019NatCo 10 1218F doi 10 1038 s41467 019 09209 7 ISSN 2041 1723 PMC 6425003 PMID 30890703 Where Did Agriculture Begin In Turkey 10 500 Years Ago Haaretz Retrieved 2023 04 14 Crow Jim Turner Sam December 2009 Silivri and the Thracian hinterland of Istanbul an historic landscape Anatolian Studies 59 167 181 doi 10 1017 S0066154600000958 ISSN 2048 0849 S2CID 140654503 Bibliography editFeldman Michal Fernandez Dominguez Eva Reynolds Luke Baird Douglas Pearson Jessica Hershkovitz Israel May Hila Goring Morris Nigel Benz Marion Gresky Julia Bianco Raffaela A Fairbairn Andrew Mustafaoglu Gokhan Stockhammer Philipp W Posth Cosimo 2019 Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia Nature Communications 10 1 1218 doi 10 1038 s41467 019 09209 7 ISSN 2041 1723 PMC 6425003 PMID 30890703 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anatolian hunter gatherers amp oldid 1176009527, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
