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Amarna letter EA 290

January 01, 1970

Amarna letter EA 290, titled: "Three Against One",[1] is one of the two shorter letters, of six, from Abdi-Heba the governing man of Jerusalem. In the Jerusalem letters, Jerusalem is "Uru-Salem" ("City-Peace").

Amarna letter EA 288, from Abdi-Heba, letter 4 of 6 from Jerusalem.
(very high-resolution expandable photo)
(See EA 290 here-(Obverse & Reverse, and All the Sides !!): [1]),

Amarna letter EA 290, like Amarna letter EA 285 (The Soldier-Ruler of Jerusalem) are short "texts" compared to the long involved letters of EA 286, EA 287, EA 288, & EA 289.

The short letter of EA 290, summarizes the local discord of neighboring city-states and their rulers, and the problem with the warring Habiru ('Apiru). The letter is wider than it is tall, approximately 6.1 cm tall x 7.3 cm wide. It has some damage (lacunae), but not enough to obscure the short letter's story/

The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

Letter EA 290 (also see here-(Obverse & Reverse): [2]), is numbered VAT 1646, from the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin.

The letter edit

EA 290: "Three Against One" edit

EA 290, letter six of six. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation, and English from French.)[2] (Obverse & Reverse):

Obverse: (See here: [3])

(Lines 1-4)—[Sa]y [t]o the king, my lord: Message of 'Abdi-Heba, your servant. I fall at the feet [of the kin]g, my lord, 7 times and 7 times. (i.e. "Over-and-over again")
(5-13)—Here is the deed against the land1 that Milkilu and Shuardata did: against the land of the king, my lord, they ordered2 troops from Gazru, troops from Gimtu, and troops from Qiltu. They seized Rubutu. The land of the king deserted to the Hapiru.

Reverse & Left Side: (See here: [4]) (Or here: [5])

(14)
(15-21)—And now, besides this, a town belonging to Jerusalem, BitdNIN-URTA by name, a city of the king, has gone over to the side of the men of Qiltu. May the king give heed to 'Abdi-Heba, your servant, and send archers to restore the land of the king to the king.
(22-30)—If there are no archers, the land of the king will desert to the Hapiru. This deed against the land3 was [a]t the order of Milki[lu and a]t the order4 of [Shuard]atu, [together w]ith Gint[i] .5 So may the king provide for [his] land.—(complete, EA 290, with restored minor lacunae, lines 1-30)


The Habiru/'Apiru edit

 

The mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time, as the takeover of city-states or regions by the Habiru. The map shows various cities and regions, and their respective dealings with the Habiru. (There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Šakmu/Shechem.) The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi-Heba, directly south at Jerusalem, letters EA 286, 287, 288, 289, and EA 290.

Spellings for Habiru in the Amarna letters edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 290, "Benign Neglect", pp. 333-334.
  2. ^ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 290, "Three Against One", p. 333-334.
  • Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)

Ext links edit

  • [6] Line drawing of EA 290, CDLI
  • CDLI entry of EA 290 ( Chicago Digital Library Initiative )
  • CDLI listing of all EA Amarna letters, 1-382
  • VAT, Vorderasiatische Museum (Berlin) entry for EA 290; Views of Obverse, Reverse, & 2 sides, & with dimension rulers. (4 photos)

January 01, 1970
amarna, letter, titled, three, against, shorter, letters, from, abdi, heba, governing, jerusalem, jerusalem, letters, jerusalem, salem, city, peace, amarna, letter, from, abdi, heba, letter, from, jerusalem, very, high, resolution, expandable, photo, here, obv. Amarna letter EA 290 titled Three Against One 1 is one of the two shorter letters of six from Abdi Heba the governing man of Jerusalem In the Jerusalem letters Jerusalem is Uru Salem City Peace Amarna letter EA 288 from Abdi Heba letter 4 of 6 from Jerusalem very high resolution expandable photo See EA 290 here Obverse amp Reverse and All the Sides 1 Amarna letter EA 290 like Amarna letter EA 285 The Soldier Ruler of Jerusalem are short texts compared to the long involved letters of EA 286 EA 287 EA 288 amp EA 289 The short letter of EA 290 summarizes the local discord of neighboring city states and their rulers and the problem with the warring Habiru Apiru The letter is wider than it is tall approximately 6 1 cm tall x 7 3 cm wide It has some damage lacunae but not enough to obscure the short letter s story The Amarna letters about 300 numbered up to EA 382 are a mid 14th century BC about 1350 BC and 20 25 years later correspondence The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten s city Akhetaten in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh others were later found adding to the body of letters Letter EA 290 also see here Obverse amp Reverse 2 is numbered VAT 1646 from the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin Contents 1 The letter 1 1 EA 290 Three Against One 2 The Habiru Apiru 2 1 Spellings for Habiru in the Amarna letters 3 See also 4 References 5 Ext linksThe letter editEA 290 Three Against One edit EA 290 letter six of six Not a linear line by line translation and English from French 2 Obverse amp Reverse Obverse See here 3 Lines 1 4 Sa y t o the king my lord Message of Abdi Heba your servant I fall at the feet of the kin g my lord 7 times and 7 times i e Over and over again 5 13 Here is the deed against the land1 that Milkilu and Shuardata did against the land of the king my lord they ordered2 troops from Gazru troops from Gimtu and troops from Qiltu They seized Rubutu The land of the king deserted to the Hapiru Reverse amp Left Side See here 4 Or here 5 14 15 21 And now besides this a town belonging to Jerusalem BitdNIN URTA by name a city of the king has gone over to the side of the men of Qiltu May the king give heed to Abdi Heba your servant and send archers to restore the land of the king to the king 22 30 If there are no archers the land of the king will desert to the Hapiru This deed against the land3 was a t the order of Milki lu and a t the order4 of Shuard atu together w ith Gint i 5 So may the king provide for his land complete EA 290 with restored minor lacunae lines 1 30 The Habiru Apiru edit nbsp The mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time as the takeover of city states or regions by the Habiru The map shows various cities and regions and their respective dealings with the Habiru There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Sakmu Shechem The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi Heba directly south at Jerusalem letters EA 286 287 288 289 and EA 290 Spellings for Habiru in the Amarna letters edit EA 100 l 26 KUR sa il qu LU MES GAZ istu LU MES GAZ EA 271 l 16 lu mes Sa GaZ mes Men pl SA GAZMES pl EA 290 l 24 Ha Pi Ri Hapiru Apiru EA 299 l 18 da an nu LU SA GAZ mes Strengthening LU SA GAZ MES Strengthening Habiru EA 366 l 21 LU SA GAZ LUSA GAZ Habiru See also editAbdi Heba Amarna letters phrases and quotations List of Amarna letters by size Jerusalem letter EA 288 References edit Moran William L 1987 1992 The Amarna Letters EA 290 Benign Neglect pp 333 334 Moran William L 1987 1992 The Amarna Letters EA 290 Three Against One p 333 334 Moran William L The Amarna Letters Johns Hopkins University Press 1987 1992 softcover ISBN 0 8018 6715 0 Ext links edit 6 Line drawing of EA 290 CDLI CDLI entry of EA 290 Chicago Digital Library Initiative CDLI listing of all EA Amarna letters 1 382 VAT Vorderasiatische Museum Berlin entry for EA 290 Views of Obverse Reverse amp 2 sides amp with dimension rulers 4 photos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amarna letter EA 290 amp oldid 1164092968, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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