"Bur-Sin" redirects here. For the 7th king of the 1st Dynasty of Isin, see Bur-Suen.
Amar-Sin (Akkadian: 𒀭𒀫𒀭𒂗𒍪: DAmarDSîn, "calf of Sîn", the "𒀭" being a silent honorific for "Divine"), initially misread as Bur-Sin (c. 2046–2037 BC middle chronology, or possibly ca. 1982–1973 BC short chronology) was the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. He succeeded his father Shulgi (c. 2030–1982 BC). His name translates to 'bull calf of the moon-god'.
An architectural foundation-nail figurine depicting king Amar-Sin himself carrying the builder's wicker traybasket, and a cuneiform dedication tablet of Amar-Sin
Year-names are known for all nine years of his reign. These record campaigns conducted against Urbilum, and several other regions with obscure names: Shashrum, Shurudhum, Bitum-Rabium, Jabru, and Huhnuri.[1] Amar-Sin is otherwise known to have campaigned against Elamite rulers such as Arwilukpi of Marhashi, and the Ur Empire under his reign extended as far as the northern provinces of Lullubi and Hamazi, with their own governors. He also ruled over Assur through the Akkadian governor Zariqum, as confirmed by his monumental inscription.[a]
Amar-Sin's reign is notable for his attempt at regenerating the ancient sites of Sumer. He apparently worked on the unfinished ziggurat at Eridu.[3]
The Babylonian Weidner Chronicle records the following: "Amar-Sin ... changed the offerings of large oxen and sheep of the Akitu festival in Esagila. It was foretold that he would die from goring by an ox, but he died from the [scorpion?] 'bite' of his shoe."
Attempted Coupedit
The administrative documentation from Amar-Sin's reign suggests that in his final years, he was confronted with some internal strife, and it is likely that his brother, Shu-Sin, was behind an effort to ovethrow him. The imperial guard, the agà-ús, were replaced in Amar-Sin's seventh year with a unit called the gàr-du, often the gàr-du of Amar-Sin.[4] This unit disappears from the record in his ninth year shortly after his death. Also in his seventh year, the king hosted military officials from throughout the empire at a banquet in Ur, where they were required to swear an oath of loyalty.[5] Cylinder seals bearing dedications to the king Shu-Sin appear towards the end of Amar-Suen's reign, but certainly before his death.[6] The provincial governors also see some unusual transitions during this time, including being ousted during the middle of Amar-Sin's reign, only to return to their post after his death.[7] Taken together, it seems likely that Shu-Sin attempted to take power during his brother's reign. It is unclear if Amar-Sin was assassinated during this period, or if he died of natural causes.
Year names of Amar-Sinedit
All the year names of Amar-Sin are known, and, as was standard for the time, document events during that king's reign. While some events are military conquests, most of Amar-Sin's years record cultic activities. Some examples include:
1a. Year: "Amar-Suen is king" 1b. Year: "Harshi and Kimaš were destroyed" 2a. Year: "Amar-Suen, the king, destroyed Urbilum" 5a. Year: "Enunugalanna was installed as en-priest of Inanna in Uruk" 6b. Year: "Amar-Suen, the king, destroyed Shashrum for the second time and Shurudhum" 7b: Year: "Amar-Suen, the king, destroyed Bitum-rabium, Jabru, their territories and Huhnuri"
^Zariqum does not appear on the Assyrian King List tablets, but is usually placed by archaeologists between Akkiya and Puzur-Ashur I. He is well known from contemporary documents as a career governor who was also appointed over Susa at various times between Shulgi year 40 and Shu-Sin year 4.[2]
^ abSpar, Ira (1988). Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Volume I Tablets Cones and Bricks of the Third Ur Dynasty(PDF). The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 38, Nb 35.
amar, redirects, here, king, dynasty, isin, suen, akkadian, 𒀭𒀫𒀭𒂗𒍪, damardsîn, calf, sîn, 𒀭, being, silent, honorific, divine, initially, misread, 2046, 2037, middle, chronology, possibly, 1982, 1973, short, chronology, third, ruler, dynasty, succeeded, father,. Bur Sin redirects here For the 7th king of the 1st Dynasty of Isin see Bur Suen Amar Sin Akkadian 𒀭𒀫𒀭𒂗𒍪 DAmarDSin calf of Sin the 𒀭 being a silent honorific for Divine initially misread as Bur Sin c 2046 2037 BC middle chronology or possibly ca 1982 1973 BC short chronology was the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty He succeeded his father Shulgi c 2030 1982 BC His name translates to bull calf of the moon god Amar Sin𒀭𒀫𒀭𒂗𒍪King of UrKing of Sumer and AkkadKing of the Four Corners of the WorldAn architectural foundation nail figurine depicting king Amar Sin himself carrying the builder s wicker traybasket and a cuneiform dedication tablet of Amar SinKing of the Neo Sumerian EmpireReignc 2046 BC 2037 BC Middle Chronology c 1982 BC 1973 BC Short Chronology PredecessorShulgiSuccessorShu SinDynasty3rd Dynasty of UrFatherShulgi Contents 1 Reign 1 1 Attempted Coup 2 Year names of Amar Sin 3 Artifacts 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesReign editYear names are known for all nine years of his reign These record campaigns conducted against Urbilum and several other regions with obscure names Shashrum Shurudhum Bitum Rabium Jabru and Huhnuri 1 Amar Sin is otherwise known to have campaigned against Elamite rulers such as Arwilukpi of Marhashi and the Ur Empire under his reign extended as far as the northern provinces of Lullubi and Hamazi with their own governors He also ruled over Assur through the Akkadian governor Zariqum as confirmed by his monumental inscription a Amar Sin s reign is notable for his attempt at regenerating the ancient sites of Sumer He apparently worked on the unfinished ziggurat at Eridu 3 The Babylonian Weidner Chronicle records the following Amar Sin changed the offerings of large oxen and sheep of the Akitu festival in Esagila It was foretold that he would die from goring by an ox but he died from the scorpion bite of his shoe Attempted Coup edit The administrative documentation from Amar Sin s reign suggests that in his final years he was confronted with some internal strife and it is likely that his brother Shu Sin was behind an effort to ovethrow him The imperial guard the aga us were replaced in Amar Sin s seventh year with a unit called the gar du often the gar du of Amar Sin 4 This unit disappears from the record in his ninth year shortly after his death Also in his seventh year the king hosted military officials from throughout the empire at a banquet in Ur where they were required to swear an oath of loyalty 5 Cylinder seals bearing dedications to the king Shu Sin appear towards the end of Amar Suen s reign but certainly before his death 6 The provincial governors also see some unusual transitions during this time including being ousted during the middle of Amar Sin s reign only to return to their post after his death 7 Taken together it seems likely that Shu Sin attempted to take power during his brother s reign It is unclear if Amar Sin was assassinated during this period or if he died of natural causes Year names of Amar Sin editAll the year names of Amar Sin are known and as was standard for the time document events during that king s reign While some events are military conquests most of Amar Sin s years record cultic activities Some examples include 1a Year Amar Suen is king 1b Year Harshi and Kimas were destroyed 2a Year Amar Suen the king destroyed Urbilum 5a Year Enunugalanna was installed as en priest of Inanna in Uruk 6b Year Amar Suen the king destroyed Shashrum for the second time and Shurudhum 7b Year Amar Suen the king destroyed Bitum rabium Jabru their territories and Huhnuri Some year names of Amar Sin 8 Artifacts edit nbsp Statue fragment bearing incised cuneiform inscription of Amar Sin ca 2046 2038 B C Neo Sumerian nbsp Stamped mud brick of Amar Sin nbsp Fired clay brick stamped with the name of Amar Sin Ur III from Eridu British Museum nbsp Cuneiform tablet impressed with cylinder seal Receipt of goats ca 2040 BC year 7 of Amar Sin Neo Sumerian 9 nbsp Cuneiform tablet impressed with cylinder seal Receipt of goats ca 2040 BC Neo Sumerian drawing 9 nbsp Inscription with the name Amar Sin nbsp Dedication tablet of Amar SinSee also edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Amar Sin Correspondence of the Kings of Ur Mashkan shapirNotes edit Zariqum does not appear on the Assyrian King List tablets but is usually placed by archaeologists between Akkiya and Puzur Ashur I He is well known from contemporary documents as a career governor who was also appointed over Susa at various times between Shulgi year 40 and Shu Sin year 4 2 References edit Year names for Amar Sin Potts The Archaeology of Elam p 132 Mallowan Max The Development of Cities from Al U baid to the end of Uruk 5 Cambridge Ancient History CDLI Archival View cdli ucla edu Retrieved 2022 12 04 Steinkeller Piotr Joys of Cooking in Ur III Babylonia a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Allred Lance 2010 06 01 More Su Suen Seals During the Reign of Amar Suen Cuneiform Digital Library Notes 2010 3 ISSN 1546 6566 Allred Lance 2013 The Tenure of Provincial Governors Some Observations From the 21st Century B C To the 21st Century A D 115 Amar Sin year names a b Spar Ira 1988 Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Volume I Tablets Cones and Bricks of the Third Ur Dynasty PDF The Metropolitan Museum of Art p 38 Nb 35 Regnal titlesPreceded byShulgi King of Ur Sumer and Akkadca 21st century BCE Succeeded byShu Sin Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amar Sin amp oldid 1213348835, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
