Aluminium phosphate is a chemical compound. In nature it occurs as the mineral berlinite.[3] Many synthetic forms of aluminium phosphate are known. They have framework structures similar to zeolites and some are used as catalysts, ion-exchangers or molecular sieves.[4] Commercial aluminium phosphate gel is available.
Aluminium phosphate
Names
Other names
Aluminum phosphate Aluminium monophosphate Phosphoric acid, aluminium salt (1:1)
AlPO4 is isoelectronic with Si2O4, silicon dioxide. Berlinite looks like quartz and has a structure that is similar to quartz with silicon replaced by Al and P. The AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra alternate. Like quartz, AlPO4 exhibits chirality[5] and piezoelectric properties.[6] When heated, crystalline AlPO4 (berlinite) converts to tridymite and cristobalite forms, and this mirrors the behaviour of silicon dioxide.[7]
Usesedit
Molecular sievesedit
There are many types of aluminium phosphate molecular sieves, generically known as "ALPOs". The first ones were reported in 1982.[8] They all share the same chemical composition of AlPO4 and have framework structures with microporous cavities. The frameworks are made up of alternating AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra. The denser cavity-less crystalline berlinite, shares the same alternating AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra.[7] The aluminophosphate framework structures vary one from another in the orientation of the AlO4 tetrahedra and PO4 tetrahedra to form different-sized cavities, and in this respect they are similar to the aluminosilicatezeolites, which differ in having electrically charged frameworks. A typical preparation of an aluminophosphate involves the hydrothermal reaction of phosphoric acid and aluminium in the form of hydroxide, an aluminium salt such as aluminium nitrate salt or alkoxide under controlled pH in the presence of organic amines.[9] These organic molecules act as templates (now termed structure directing agents, SDAs) to direct the growth of the porous framework.[10]
Otheredit
Along with aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate is one of the most common immunologic adjuvants (efficiency enhancers) in vaccinations. Aluminium adjuvant use is widespread due to their cheap price, long history of use, safety and efficiency with most antigens.
Similar to aluminium hydroxide, AlPO4 is used as an antacid. It neutralizes stomach acid (HCl) by forming AlCl3 with it. Up to 20% of aluminium from ingested antacid salts can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract – despite some unverified concerns about the neurological effects of aluminium,[11] aluminium phosphate and hydroxide salts are thought to be safe as antacids in normal use, even during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[12][11]
Additional uses for AlPO4 in combination with or without other compounds are white colorants for pigments, corrosion inhibitors, cements and dental cements. Related compounds have also similar uses. For example, Al(H2PO4)3 is used in dental cements, metal coatings, glaze compositions and refractory binders; and Al(H2PO4)(HPO4) is used cement and refractory binders and adhesives.[13]
Related compoundsedit
AlPO4·2H2O dihydrate is found as the minerals variscite and meta-variscite.[14] Aluminium phosphate dihydrate (variscite and meta-variscite) has a structure that can be regarded as an assembly of tetra- and octahedral units of phosphate anions, aluminium cations and water. Al3+ ions are 6-coordinate and PO43- ions are 4-coordinate.[3]
A synthetic hydrated form, AlPO4·1.5H2O is also known.[15]
^Tanaka, Y; et al. (2010). "Determination of structural chirality of berlinite and quartz using resonant x-ray diffraction with circularly polarized x-rays". Physical Review B. 81 (14): 144104. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..81n4104T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144104. ISSN 1098-0121.
^Crystal growth of an α-quartz like piezoelectric material, berlinite, Motchany A. I., Chvanski P. P., Annales de Chimie Science des Materiaux properties, 2001, 26, 199
^Wilson, ST; et al. (1982). "Aluminophosphate molecular sieves: a new class of microporous crystalline inorganic solids". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 104 (4): 1146–1147. doi:10.1021/ja00368a062. ISSN 0002-7863.
^Kulprathipanja, S, ed. (2010-02-17). Zeolites in Industrial Separation and Catalysis. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9783527629565. ISBN9783527325054.
^Xu, R; et al. (2007). Chemistry of zeolites and related porous materials: synthesis and structure. John Wiley & Sons. p. 39. ISBN9780470822333.
^ abSchaefer, Christof; Peters, Paul W. J.; Miller, Richard K. (2015). Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: treatment options and risk assessment. C Schaefer, P Peters, RK Miller (3. ed.). Elsevier Science. p. 94. ISBN9780124080782.
^Roncal-Herrero, T; et al. (2009-12-02). "Precipitation of Iron and Aluminum Phosphates Directly from Aqueous Solution as a Function of Temperature from 50 to 200 °C". Crystal Growth & Design. 9 (12): 5197–5205. CiteSeerX10.1.1.722.3917. doi:10.1021/cg900654m. ISSN 1528-7483.
^Lagno, F; et al. (2005). "Synthesis of Hydrated Aluminium Phosphate, AlPO4·1.5H2O (AlPO4−H3), by Controlled Reactive Crystallization in Sulfate Media". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 44 (21): 8033–8038. doi:10.1021/ie0505559. ISSN 0888-5885.
External linksedit
April 26, 2024
aluminium, phosphate, confused, with, aluminium, phosphide, chemical, compound, nature, occurs, mineral, berlinite, many, synthetic, forms, aluminium, phosphate, known, they, have, framework, structures, similar, zeolites, some, used, catalysts, exchangers, mo. Not to be confused with Aluminium phosphide Aluminium phosphate is a chemical compound In nature it occurs as the mineral berlinite 3 Many synthetic forms of aluminium phosphate are known They have framework structures similar to zeolites and some are used as catalysts ion exchangers or molecular sieves 4 Commercial aluminium phosphate gel is available Aluminium phosphate NamesOther names Aluminum phosphateAluminium monophosphatePhosphoric acid aluminium salt 1 1 IdentifiersCAS Number 7784 30 7 Y 22784 12 9 trihydrate 3D model JSmol Interactive imageInteractive imageChEMBL ChEMBL3833315ChemSpider 58204 YDrugBank DB14517ECHA InfoCard 100 029 142EC Number 232 056 9PubChem CID 64655RTECS number TB6450000UNII F92V3S521O YUN number 1760CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID5064839InChI InChI 1S Al H3O4P c 1 5 2 3 4 h H3 1 2 3 4 q 3 p 3 YKey ILRRQNADMUWWFW UHFFFAOYSA K YInChI 1 Al H3O4P c 1 5 2 3 4 h H3 1 2 3 4 q 3 p 3 rAlO4P c2 6 3 1 4 6 5 6Key ILRRQNADMUWWFW ITXURHEJAWInChI 1 Al H3O4P c 1 5 2 3 4 h H3 1 2 3 4 q 3 p 3Key ILRRQNADMUWWFW DFZHHIFOAZSMILES O P12O Al O1 O2 Al 3 O P O O OPropertiesChemical formula AlPO4Molar mass 121 9529 g molAppearance White crystalline powderDensity 2 566 g cm3 solidMelting point 1 800 C 3 270 F 2 070 K Boiling point DecomposesSolubility in water 1 89 10 9 g 100 ml 1 Solubility product Ksp 9 84 10 21 1 Solubility Very slightly soluble in HCl and HNO3Refractive index nD 1 546 2 PharmacologyATC code A02AB03 WHO HazardsGHS labelling PictogramsSignal word WarningHazard statements H314 H315 H319 H332 H335Precautionary statements P260 P261 P264 P271 P280 P301 P330 P331 P302 P352 P303 P361 P353 P304 P312 P304 P340 P305 P351 P338 P310 P312 P321 P332 P313 P337 P313 P362 P363 P403 P233 P405 P501NFPA 704 fire diamond 200Lethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose 4640 mg kg rat oral gt 4640 mg kg rabbit dermal Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Y verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Berlinite 2 Uses 2 1 Molecular sieves 2 2 Other 3 Related compounds 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Citations 6 External linksBerlinite editAlPO4 is isoelectronic with Si2O4 silicon dioxide Berlinite looks like quartz and has a structure that is similar to quartz with silicon replaced by Al and P The AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra alternate Like quartz AlPO4 exhibits chirality 5 and piezoelectric properties 6 When heated crystalline AlPO4 berlinite converts to tridymite and cristobalite forms and this mirrors the behaviour of silicon dioxide 7 Uses editMolecular sieves edit There are many types of aluminium phosphate molecular sieves generically known as ALPOs The first ones were reported in 1982 8 They all share the same chemical composition of AlPO4 and have framework structures with microporous cavities The frameworks are made up of alternating AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra The denser cavity less crystalline berlinite shares the same alternating AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra 7 The aluminophosphate framework structures vary one from another in the orientation of the AlO4 tetrahedra and PO4 tetrahedra to form different sized cavities and in this respect they are similar to the aluminosilicate zeolites which differ in having electrically charged frameworks A typical preparation of an aluminophosphate involves the hydrothermal reaction of phosphoric acid and aluminium in the form of hydroxide an aluminium salt such as aluminium nitrate salt or alkoxide under controlled pH in the presence of organic amines 9 These organic molecules act as templates now termed structure directing agents SDAs to direct the growth of the porous framework 10 Other edit Along with aluminium hydroxide aluminium phosphate is one of the most common immunologic adjuvants efficiency enhancers in vaccinations Aluminium adjuvant use is widespread due to their cheap price long history of use safety and efficiency with most antigens Similar to aluminium hydroxide AlPO4 is used as an antacid It neutralizes stomach acid HCl by forming AlCl3 with it Up to 20 of aluminium from ingested antacid salts can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract despite some unverified concerns about the neurological effects of aluminium 11 aluminium phosphate and hydroxide salts are thought to be safe as antacids in normal use even during pregnancy and breastfeeding 12 11 Additional uses for AlPO4 in combination with or without other compounds are white colorants for pigments corrosion inhibitors cements and dental cements Related compounds have also similar uses For example Al H2PO4 3 is used in dental cements metal coatings glaze compositions and refractory binders and Al H2PO4 HPO4 is used cement and refractory binders and adhesives 13 Related compounds editAlPO4 2H2O dihydrate is found as the minerals variscite and meta variscite 14 Aluminium phosphate dihydrate variscite and meta variscite has a structure that can be regarded as an assembly of tetra and octahedral units of phosphate anions aluminium cations and water Al3 ions are 6 coordinate and PO43 ions are 4 coordinate 3 A synthetic hydrated form AlPO4 1 5H2O is also known 15 See also editPhosphate mineralsReferences editDEC Corbridge 2013 Phosphorus chemistry biochemistry and technology 6th ed CRC Press ISBN 9781439840894 Citations edit a b John Rumble June 18 2018 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 99 ed CRC Press pp 4 47 ISBN 978 1138561632 Pradyot Patnaik Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals McGraw Hill 2002 ISBN 0 07 049439 8 a b Corbridge p 207 208 Corbridge p 310 Tanaka Y et al 2010 Determination of structural chirality of berlinite and quartz using resonant x ray diffraction with circularly polarized x rays Physical Review B 81 14 144104 Bibcode 2010PhRvB 81n4104T doi 10 1103 PhysRevB 81 144104 ISSN 1098 0121 Crystal growth of an a quartz like piezoelectric material berlinite Motchany A I Chvanski P P Annales de Chimie Science des Materiaux properties 2001 26 199 a b Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann p 527 ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 Wilson ST et al 1982 Aluminophosphate molecular sieves a new class of microporous crystalline inorganic solids Journal of the American Chemical Society 104 4 1146 1147 doi 10 1021 ja00368a062 ISSN 0002 7863 Kulprathipanja S ed 2010 02 17 Zeolites in Industrial Separation and Catalysis John Wiley amp Sons doi 10 1002 9783527629565 ISBN 9783527325054 Xu R et al 2007 Chemistry of zeolites and related porous materials synthesis and structure John Wiley amp Sons p 39 ISBN 9780470822333 a b Schaefer Christof Peters Paul W J Miller Richard K 2015 Drugs during pregnancy and lactation treatment options and risk assessment C Schaefer P Peters RK Miller 3 ed Elsevier Science p 94 ISBN 9780124080782 S Pratiksha TM Jamie 2018 Antacids StatPearls StatPearls Publishing PMID 30252305 retrieved 2019 02 28 Corbridge p 1025 Roncal Herrero T et al 2009 12 02 Precipitation of Iron and Aluminum Phosphates Directly from Aqueous Solution as a Function of Temperature from 50 to 200 C Crystal Growth amp Design 9 12 5197 5205 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 722 3917 doi 10 1021 cg900654m ISSN 1528 7483 Lagno F et al 2005 Synthesis of Hydrated Aluminium Phosphate AlPO4 1 5H2O AlPO4 H3 by Controlled Reactive Crystallization in Sulfate Media Industrial amp Engineering Chemistry Research 44 21 8033 8038 doi 10 1021 ie0505559 ISSN 0888 5885 External links editMSDS PDF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aluminium phosphate amp oldid 1194884224, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
