Alloteropsis semialata, known commonly as black seed grass, cockatoo grass, donkersaad gras, swartsaadgras, tweevingergras, and isi quinti, is a perennialgrass distributed across much of tropical and subtropicalAfrica, Asia and Australia, as well as Papuasia and Madagascar.[1][2][3] The genus name Allopteropsis comes from the Greek words "allotrios", meaning "belonging to another", and "opsis", meaning appearance. The specific epithet semialata comes from the Latin "semi" (half) and "ala" (wing), referring to the winged margins of the upper glume.[4]
This plant typically reaches 20–150 centimeters tall, growing from a short, white rhizome.[5] The leaf blades are typically 10–50 centimeters long and 1–10 millimeters wide. The plant produces 2-flowered fertile spikelets.[6]
Variationedit
The species has two subspecies including A. semialata subsp. semialata, which uses the C4 photosynthetic pathway, and A. semialata subsp. eckloniana, which uses the C3 photosynthetic pathway.[7] As the only plant species known to use both pathways, it is an important model for the study of the evolution of photosynthesis. There are a wide range of intermediate phenotypes, including that of C2 photosynthesis.[8]
The species has been found in a polyploid series with diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, octoploid and dodecaploid individuals. All members of the C3 subspecies are diploid and there are no diploid individuals outside of that subspecies.[9]
Ecologyedit
The seeds of this species are an important component of the wet-season diet of many granivorous finches and parrots. The rhizomes are part of the dry-season diet of some animals.[4]
Referencesedit
^ abKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 519 毛颖草 mao ying cao Alloteropsis semialata (R. Brown) Hitchcock, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 210. 1909.
^Hitchcock, A. S. 1909. Catalogue of the Grasses of Cuba. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 12(6): 183–258, vii–xi
^Gibbs Russell, G. E. (1983). "The taxonomic position of C3 and C4Alloteropsis semialata (Poaceae) in southern Africa". Bothalia. 14 (2): 205–213. doi:10.4102/abc.v14i2.1160.
^Lundgren, Marjorie R.; Dunning, Luke T.; Olofsson, Jill K.; Moreno-Villena, Jose J.; Bouvier, Jacques W.; Sage, Tammy L.; Khoshravesh, Roxana; Sultmanis, Stefanie; Stata, Matt; Ripley, Brad S.; Vorontsova, Maria S.; Besnard, Guillaume; Adams, Claire; Cuff, Nicholas; Mapaura, Anthony; Bianconi, Matheus E.; Long, Christine M.; Christin, Pascal-Antoine; Osborne, Colin P. (February 2019). "C4 anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change". Ecology Letters. 22 (2): 302–312. doi:10.1111/ele.13191. PMC6849723. PMID 30557904. S2CID 56174713.
^Liebenberg, E. J. L.; A. Fossey. (November 2001). "Comparative cytogenetic investigation of the two subspecies of the grass Alloteropsis semialata (Poaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 137 (3): 243–248. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01120.x. S2CID 84546752.
This Panicoideae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
alloteropsis, semialata, known, commonly, black, seed, grass, cockatoo, grass, donkersaad, gras, swartsaadgras, tweevingergras, quinti, perennial, grass, distributed, across, much, tropical, subtropical, africa, asia, australia, well, papuasia, madagascar, gen. Alloteropsis semialata known commonly as black seed grass cockatoo grass donkersaad gras swartsaadgras tweevingergras and isi quinti is a perennial grass distributed across much of tropical and subtropical Africa Asia and Australia as well as Papuasia and Madagascar 1 2 3 The genus name Allopteropsis comes from the Greek words allotrios meaning belonging to another and opsis meaning appearance The specific epithet semialata comes from the Latin semi half and ala wing referring to the winged margins of the upper glume 4 Black seed grassCockatoo grass Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Clade Commelinids Order Poales Family Poaceae Subfamily Panicoideae Genus Alloteropsis Species A semialata Binomial name Alloteropsis semialata R Br Hitchc Synonyms 1 Panicum semialatum R Br Urochloa semialata R Br Kunth Oplismenus semialatus R Br Desv Coridochloa semialata R Br Nees ex Benth Axonopus semialatus R Br Hook f Paspalum semialatum R Br Eyles Bluffia eckloniana Nees Alloteropsis eckloniana Nees Hitchc Alloteropsis distachya J Presl Aira viatica Griff Panicum viaticum Griff Holosetum philippicum Steud Arundinella schultzii Benth Panicum philippicum Steud Naves ex Fern Vill Pterochlaena catangensis Chiov Axonopus maidenianus Domin Alloteropsis homblei Robyns Alloteropsis gwebiensis Stent amp J M Rattray Contents 1 Description 2 Variation 3 Ecology 4 ReferencesDescription editThis plant typically reaches 20 150 centimeters tall growing from a short white rhizome 5 The leaf blades are typically 10 50 centimeters long and 1 10 millimeters wide The plant produces 2 flowered fertile spikelets 6 Variation editThe species has two subspecies including A semialata subsp semialata which uses the C4 photosynthetic pathway and A semialata subsp eckloniana which uses the C3 photosynthetic pathway 7 As the only plant species known to use both pathways it is an important model for the study of the evolution of photosynthesis There are a wide range of intermediate phenotypes including that of C2 photosynthesis 8 The species has been found in a polyploid series with diploid tetraploid hexaploid octoploid and dodecaploid individuals All members of the C3 subspecies are diploid and there are no diploid individuals outside of that subspecies 9 Ecology editThe seeds of this species are an important component of the wet season diet of many granivorous finches and parrots The rhizomes are part of the dry season diet of some animals 4 References edit a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Flora of China Vol 22 Page 519 毛颖草 mao ying cao Alloteropsis semialata R Brown Hitchcock Contr U S Natl Herb 12 210 1909 Hitchcock A S 1909 Catalogue of the Grasses of Cuba Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 12 6 183 258 vii xi a b Cockatoo Grass Alloteropsis semialata NQ Dry Tropics Retrieved 2021 05 07 Alloteropsis semialata Cape York Natural Resource Management Retrieved 2021 05 07 Alloteropsis semialata AusGrass2 ausgrass2 myspecies info Retrieved 2021 05 07 Gibbs Russell G E 1983 The taxonomic position of C3 and C4 Alloteropsis semialata Poaceae in southern Africa Bothalia 14 2 205 213 doi 10 4102 abc v14i2 1160 Lundgren Marjorie R Dunning Luke T Olofsson Jill K Moreno Villena Jose J Bouvier Jacques W Sage Tammy L Khoshravesh Roxana Sultmanis Stefanie Stata Matt Ripley Brad S Vorontsova Maria S Besnard Guillaume Adams Claire Cuff Nicholas Mapaura Anthony Bianconi Matheus E Long Christine M Christin Pascal Antoine Osborne Colin P February 2019 C4 anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change Ecology Letters 22 2 302 312 doi 10 1111 ele 13191 PMC 6849723 PMID 30557904 S2CID 56174713 Liebenberg E J L A Fossey November 2001 Comparative cytogenetic investigation of the two subspecies of the grass Alloteropsis semialata Poaceae Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 137 3 243 248 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2001 tb01120 x S2CID 84546752 nbsp This Panicoideae article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alloteropsis semialata amp oldid 1196301321, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
