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Alliance Party (Malaysia)

March 15, 2023

This article is about Alliance Party, the ruling coalition party of Malaysia from 1955 to 1974. For the 2020s Malaysian ruling party (2020 - 2021), see Perikatan Nasional.

The Alliance Party (Malay: Parti Perikatan) was a political coalition in Malaysia. The Alliance Party, whose membership comprised United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), was formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957. It was the ruling coalition of Malaya from 1957 to 1963, and Malaysia from 1963 to 1973. The coalition became the Barisan Nasional in 1973.

Alliance Party
Chinese name联盟 Liánméng
Malay nameParti Perikatan
AbbreviationAlliance
FounderTunku Abdul Rahman
Tan Cheng Lock
Tun Sambanthan
Founded1952
Legalised30 October 1957 (as fully registered)
Dissolved1 July 1973
Succeeded byBarisan Nasional
HeadquartersKuala Lumpur
MembershipUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
IdeologySocial conservatism
National liberalism
Anti-communism
Multiracialism
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
ColoursRoyal blue and white

History

Origin

The Alliance Party had its origin in an ad hoc and temporary electoral arrangement set up between the local branches of UMNO and MCA to contest the Kuala Lumpur municipal election in 1952. The UMNO-MCA candidates won in 9 of the 12 seats contested, beating the non-communal Independence of Malaya Party (IMP) which won 2 seats and Selangor Labour Party which won none.[1] Their success in this election led to firmer association between the two parties and further successes in other municipal elections that the UMNO-MCA alliance contested (apart from Penang where UMNO was allied with the Muslim League). In 1954, the alliance was joined by MIC that previously supported IMP.[2] Although for a time other parties were also associated with the Alliance Party, the three parties (UMNO, MCA, MIC) remained the core of the coalition until 1971.

In 1955, in the first general election for the Federal Legislative Council in what was then the British protectorate of the Federation of Malaya, the UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance successfully gained the great majority of seats available for contest, winning 51 of the 52 seats contested with a vote of 81.7%. It formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957.[2][3]

1957–1972

The Alliance played an important role in negotiating the transition from British rule to independence, and facilitating the preparation of its constitution. After the Malaya had gained independence on 31 August 1957, the General Election was held in 1959. The Alliance won 51.5% of the popular vote and 74 of the 104 seats contested, defeating the Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PMIP, 21.2%) and the Socialist Front coalition (13%).[4]

The Alliance was also credited with securing the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. After Malaysia came into being, the Alliance Party of the Malay peninsula became closely associated with other alliance parties in Sabah and Sarawak.

In the 1964 general election, boosted by the formation of Malaysia and the subsequent confrontation with Indonesia, the Alliance Party was even more successful, winning a majority (58.4%) of the votes and securing 89 of the 104 seats contested. The Alliance had strong support among rural Malays (apart from the east coast of Malaysia where support for PMIP was still significant), while other opposition parties had support among the Chinese urban population.[5]

In the 1969 general election, although the Alliance Party won the most seats, it garnered less than half the popular vote due to strong challenges from the opposition parties, in particular the newly formed Democratic Action Party and Gerakan. PMIP also gained support at the expense of UMNO but the number of seats gained was smaller. The unease and anxiety after the election led to the May 13 riots, and the declaration of a state of emergency. After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations began with former opposition parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party, both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by PMIP. In 1973, the Alliance Party was formally replaced by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of 9 parties, and the Barisan Nasional was registered in June 1974 to contest the 1974 general election.[6][7]

Component parties

Alliance Party (Malaya)

Sabah Alliance

Sabah Alliance was a component party of Barisan Nasional from 1973 to several months before 1976 Sabah election. In that state election, Sabah Alliance clashed with federal BN-supported BERJAYA party. It disbanded after the election. USNO and BERJAYA joined Barisan Nasional after Double-Six Accident

Sarawak Alliance

Singapore Alliance (1963-1965)

Elected representatives

General election results

Election Total seats won Seats contested Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
1955
51 / 52
 52 818,013 81.7%  51 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman
1959
74 / 104
 104 800,944 51.8%  23 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman
1964
89 / 104
 104 1,204,340 58.4%  15 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman
1969
77 / 144
 144 1,063,238 48.4%  12 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman

State election results

State election State Legislative Assembly
Perlis State Legislative Assembly Kedah State Legislative Assembly Kelantan State Legislative Assembly Terengganu State Legislative Assembly Penang State Legislative Assembly Perak State Legislative Assembly Pahang State Legislative Assembly Selangor State Legislative Assembly Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly Malacca State Legislative Assembly Johor State Legislative Assembly Total won / Total contested
2/3 majority
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
1959
12 / 12
24 / 24
2 / 30
7 / 24
17 / 24
31 / 40
23 / 24
23 / 28
20 / 24
20 / 20
28 / 32
1964
11 / 12
24 / 24
9 / 30
21 / 24
18 / 24
35 / 40
24 / 24
24 / 28
24 / 24
18 / 20
32 / 32
1969
11 / 12
14 / 24
11 / 30
13 / 24
4 / 24
19 / 40
20 / 24
14 / 28
16 / 24
15 / 20
30 / 32

See also

References

  1. ^ Saravanamuttu, Johan (2017). Power Sharing in a Divided Nation. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. ISBN 9789814762939.
  2. ^ a b Keat Gin Ooi, ed. (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-1576077702.
  3. ^ Lee Hock Guan (30 July 2014). Ooi Kee Beng (ed.). ISEAS Perspective: Selections 2012-2013. ISEAS Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 978-9814519267.
  4. ^ Saravanamuttu, Johan (2017). Power Sharing in a Divided Nation. ISEAS. ISBN 9789814762939.
  5. ^ Saravanamuttu, Johan (2017). Power Sharing in a Divided Nation. ISEAS. ISBN 9789814762939.
  6. ^ Keat Gin Ooi (2010). The A to Z of Malaysia. Scarecrow Press. pp. ixvi–ixvii. ISBN 978-0810876415.
  7. ^ Joseph Liow, Michael Leifer (18 November 2014). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0415625326.

March 15, 2023
alliance, party, malaysia, this, article, about, alliance, party, ruling, coalition, party, malaysia, from, 1955, 1974, 2020s, malaysian, ruling, party, 2020, 2021, perikatan, nasional, alliance, party, malay, parti, perikatan, political, coalition, malaysia, . This article is about Alliance Party the ruling coalition party of Malaysia from 1955 to 1974 For the 2020s Malaysian ruling party 2020 2021 see Perikatan Nasional The Alliance Party Malay Parti Perikatan was a political coalition in Malaysia The Alliance Party whose membership comprised United Malays National Organisation UMNO Malaysian Chinese Association MCA and Malaysian Indian Congress MIC was formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957 It was the ruling coalition of Malaya from 1957 to 1963 and Malaysia from 1963 to 1973 The coalition became the Barisan Nasional in 1973 Alliance PartyChinese name联盟 LianmengMalay nameParti PerikatanAbbreviationAllianceFounderTunku Abdul RahmanTan Cheng LockTun SambanthanFounded1952Legalised30 October 1957 as fully registered Dissolved1 July 1973Succeeded byBarisan NasionalHeadquartersKuala LumpurMembershipUnited Malays National Organisation UMNO Malaysian Chinese Association MCA Malaysian Indian Congress MIC Sarawak National Party SNAP IdeologySocial conservatismNational liberalismAnti communismMultiracialismPolitical positionCentre right to right wingColoursRoyal blue and whitePolitics of MalaysiaPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 History 1 1 Origin 1 2 1957 1972 2 Component parties 3 Elected representatives 4 General election results 5 State election results 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory EditOrigin Edit The Alliance Party had its origin in an ad hoc and temporary electoral arrangement set up between the local branches of UMNO and MCA to contest the Kuala Lumpur municipal election in 1952 The UMNO MCA candidates won in 9 of the 12 seats contested beating the non communal Independence of Malaya Party IMP which won 2 seats and Selangor Labour Party which won none 1 Their success in this election led to firmer association between the two parties and further successes in other municipal elections that the UMNO MCA alliance contested apart from Penang where UMNO was allied with the Muslim League In 1954 the alliance was joined by MIC that previously supported IMP 2 Although for a time other parties were also associated with the Alliance Party the three parties UMNO MCA MIC remained the core of the coalition until 1971 In 1955 in the first general election for the Federal Legislative Council in what was then the British protectorate of the Federation of Malaya the UMNO MCA MIC Alliance successfully gained the great majority of seats available for contest winning 51 of the 52 seats contested with a vote of 81 7 It formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957 2 3 1957 1972 Edit The Alliance played an important role in negotiating the transition from British rule to independence and facilitating the preparation of its constitution After the Malaya had gained independence on 31 August 1957 the General Election was held in 1959 The Alliance won 51 5 of the popular vote and 74 of the 104 seats contested defeating the Pan Malaysian Islamic Party PMIP 21 2 and the Socialist Front coalition 13 4 The Alliance was also credited with securing the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963 After Malaysia came into being the Alliance Party of the Malay peninsula became closely associated with other alliance parties in Sabah and Sarawak In the 1964 general election boosted by the formation of Malaysia and the subsequent confrontation with Indonesia the Alliance Party was even more successful winning a majority 58 4 of the votes and securing 89 of the 104 seats contested The Alliance had strong support among rural Malays apart from the east coast of Malaysia where support for PMIP was still significant while other opposition parties had support among the Chinese urban population 5 In the 1969 general election although the Alliance Party won the most seats it garnered less than half the popular vote due to strong challenges from the opposition parties in particular the newly formed Democratic Action Party and Gerakan PMIP also gained support at the expense of UMNO but the number of seats gained was smaller The unease and anxiety after the election led to the May 13 riots and the declaration of a state of emergency After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971 negotiations began with former opposition parties such as Gerakan and People s Progressive Party both of which joined the Alliance in 1972 quickly followed by PMIP In 1973 the Alliance Party was formally replaced by Barisan Nasional a coalition of 9 parties and the Barisan Nasional was registered in June 1974 to contest the 1974 general election 6 7 Component parties EditAlliance Party Malaya United Malays National Organisation UMNO 1952 1973 Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 1952 1973 Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 1954 1973 People s Progressive Party PPP 1954 1955 1972 1973 Radical Party 1954 1959 Muslim League 1954 1963 Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Gerakan 1972 1973 Pan Malaysian Islamic Party PMIP 1972 1973 Sabah Alliance United National Kadazan Organisation UNKO 1963 1964 United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation UPKO 1964 1967 United Sabah National Organisation USNO 1963 1976 Sabah Chinese Association SCA 1963 1976 Sabah Indian Congress SIC 1963 1976 Sabah Alliance was a component party of Barisan Nasional from 1973 to several months before 1976 Sabah election In that state election Sabah Alliance clashed with federal BN supported BERJAYA party It disbanded after the election USNO and BERJAYA joined Barisan Nasional after Double Six AccidentSarawak Alliance Sarawak National Party SNAP 1962 1966 Sarawak Chinese Association SCA 1962 1973 Sarawak Nation Party PANAS 1962 1963 1965 1968 Sarawak Native People s Front BARJASA 1962 1968 Sarawak Native Heritage Party PESAKA 1962 1969 Native People s Party BUMIPUTERA 1968 1973 Sarawak United Peoples Party SUPP 1970 1973 allied party Singapore Alliance 1963 1965 United Malays National Organisation UMNO Malaysian Chinese Association MCA Malaysian Indian Congress MIC Singapore People s Alliance SPA Elected representatives EditList of Malayan State and Settlement Council Representatives 1954 59 Members of the Federal Legislative Council 1955 59 Members of the Dewan Rakyat 1st Malayan Parliament List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives 1959 64 Members of the Dewan Rakyat 2nd Malaysian Parliament List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives 1964 69 Members of the Dewan Rakyat 3rd Malaysian Parliament List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives 1969 74 General election results EditElection Total seats won Seats contested Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader1955 51 52 52 818 013 81 7 51 seats Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman1959 74 104 104 800 944 51 8 23 seats Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman1964 89 104 104 1 204 340 58 4 15 seats Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman1969 77 144 144 1 063 238 48 4 12 seats Governing coalition Tunku Abdul RahmanState election results EditState election State Legislative AssemblyPerlis State Legislative Assembly Kedah State Legislative Assembly Kelantan State Legislative Assembly Terengganu State Legislative Assembly Penang State Legislative Assembly Perak State Legislative Assembly Pahang State Legislative Assembly Selangor State Legislative Assembly Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly Malacca State Legislative Assembly Johor State Legislative Assembly Total won Total contested2 3 majority 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 31959 12 12 24 24 2 30 7 24 17 24 31 40 23 24 23 28 20 24 20 20 28 321964 11 12 24 24 9 30 21 24 18 24 35 40 24 24 24 28 24 24 18 20 32 321969 11 12 14 24 11 30 13 24 4 24 19 40 20 24 14 28 16 24 15 20 30 32See also EditBarisan NasionalReferences Edit Saravanamuttu Johan 2017 Power Sharing in a Divided Nation ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute ISBN 9789814762939 a b Keat Gin Ooi ed 2004 Southeast Asia A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor Volume 1 ABC CLIO pp 138 139 ISBN 978 1576077702 Lee Hock Guan 30 July 2014 Ooi Kee Beng ed ISEAS Perspective Selections 2012 2013 ISEAS Publishing p 57 ISBN 978 9814519267 Saravanamuttu Johan 2017 Power Sharing in a Divided Nation ISEAS ISBN 9789814762939 Saravanamuttu Johan 2017 Power Sharing in a Divided Nation ISEAS ISBN 9789814762939 Keat Gin Ooi 2010 The A to Z of Malaysia Scarecrow Press pp ixvi ixvii ISBN 978 0810876415 Joseph Liow Michael Leifer 18 November 2014 Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia 4th ed Routledge ISBN 978 0415625326 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alliance Party Malaysia amp oldid 1131555647, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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