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Alfred Jarry

December 07, 2023

Alfred Jarry (French: [al.fʁɛd ʒa.ʁi]; 8 September 1873 – 1 November 1907) was a French symbolist writer who is best known for his play Ubu Roi (1896), often cited as a forerunner of Dada and the Surrealist and Futurist movements of the 1920s and 1930s.[1][2] He also coined the term and philosophical concept of 'pataphysics.[3]

Alfred Jarry
Jarry in 1896
Born(1873-09-08)8 September 1873
Laval, Mayenne, France
Died1 November 1907(1907-11-01) (aged 34)
Paris, France
OccupationWriter and dramatist
NationalityFrench
Genre'Pataphysics

Jarry was born in Laval, Mayenne, France, and his mother was from Brittany.[4] He wrote in a variety of hybrid genres and styles, prefiguring the postmodern, including novels, poems, short plays and opéras bouffes, absurdist essays and speculative journalism. His texts are considered examples of absurdist literature and postmodern philosophy.

Biography and works edit

 
Alfred Jarry, Deux aspects de la marionnette original d'Ubu Roi, premiered at the Théâtre de l'Œuvre on 10 December 1896.

His father Anselme Jarry (1837–1895) was a salesman who descended into alcoholism; his mother Caroline, née Quernest (1842–1893), was interested in music and literature, but her family had a streak of insanity, and her mother and brother were institutionalized. The couple had two surviving children, a daughter Caroline-Marie, called Charlotte (1865–1925), and Alfred. In 1879 Caroline left Anselme and took the children to Saint-Brieuc in Brittany.[5]

In 1888 the family moved to Rennes, where Jarry entered the lycée at 15. There he led a group of boys who enjoyed poking fun at their well-meaning, but obese and incompetent physics teacher, a man named Hébert. Jarry and his classmate, Henri Morin, wrote a play they called Les Polonais and performed it with marionettes in the home of one of their friends. The main character, Père Heb, was a blunderer with a huge belly, three teeth (one of stone, one of iron and one of wood), a single, retractable ear and a misshapen body. In Jarry's later work Ubu Roi, Père Heb would develop into Ubu, one of the most monstrous and astonishing characters in French literature.

At 17 Jarry passed his baccalauréat and moved to Paris to prepare for admission to the École Normale Supérieure. Though he was not admitted, he soon gained attention for his original poems and prose-poems. A collection of his work, Les minutes de sable mémorial, was published in 1893.

That same year, Jarry contracted influenza. His mother and sister tended him, but once he recovered his mother fell ill of the disease and died; two years later his father perished from influenza as well, leaving Jarry a small inheritance which he quickly spent.[6]

Jarry had meantime discovered the pleasures of alcohol, which he called "my sacred herb" or, when referring to absinthe, the "green goddess". A story is told that he once painted his face green and rode through town on his bicycle in its honour (and possibly under its influence).

When he was drafted into the army in 1894, his gift for turning notions upside down defeated attempts to instill military discipline. The sight of the diminutive Jarry in a uniform much too large for his less than 5-foot frame – the army did not issue uniforms small enough – was so disruptively funny that he was excused from parades and marching drills. Eventually the army discharged him for medical reasons. His military experience eventually inspired his novel Days and Nights.

In his youth, Jarry was homosexually inclined,[7] although like many bohemians he disavowed sexual categorization. A brief but passionate relationship with future poet Léon-Paul Fargue inspired his semi-autobiographical play Haldernablou (1894).[8]

 
Père Ubu (later: Ubu Roi), from a woodcut by Alfred Jarry.

Jarry returned to Paris and applied himself to writing, drinking and the company of friends who appreciated his witty, sweet-tempered and unpredictable conversation. This period is marked by his intense involvement with Remy de Gourmont in the publication of L'Ymagier , a luxuriously produced "art" magazine devoted to the symbolic analysis of medieval and popular prints. Symbolism as an art movement was in full swing at this time, and L'Ymagier provided a nexus for many of its key contributors. Jarry's play Caesar Antichrist (1895) drew on this movement for material. This is a work that bridges the gap between serious symbolic meaning and the type of critical absurdity with which Jarry would soon become associated. Using the biblical Book of Revelation as a point of departure, Caesar Antichrist presents a parallel world of extreme formal symbolism in which Christ is resurrected not as an agent of spirituality but as an agent of the Roman Empire that seeks to dominate spirituality. It is a unique narrative that effectively links the domination of the soul to contemporaneous advances in the field of Egyptology such as the 1894 excavation of the Narmer Palette, an ancient artifact used for situating the rebus within hermeneutics. The character Ubu Roi first appears in this play.[9]

 
Jarry (left) and Alfred Vallette, editor of the literary magazine, Mercure de France. Vallette, in 1894, in his own home, hosted a presentation of Ubu Roi.

The spring of 1896 saw the publication, in Paul Fort's review Le Livre d'art, of Jarry's 5-act play Ubu Roi, the rewritten and expanded Les Polonais of his school days. Ubu Roi's savage humour and monstrous absurdity, unlike anything thus far performed in French theatre, seemed unlikely to ever actually be performed on stage. However, impetuous theatre director Aurélien-Marie Lugné-Poe took the risk, producing the play at his Théâtre de l'Œuvre.

On opening night (10 December 1896), with traditionalists and the avant-garde in the audience, King Ubu (played by Firmin Gémier) stepped forward and intoned the opening word, "Merdre!" (often translated as "Pshit" or "Shittr!" in English). A quarter of an hour of pandemonium ensued: outraged cries, booing, and whistling by the offended parties, countered by cheers and applause by the more bohemian contingent. Such interruptions continued through the evening. At the time, only the dress rehearsal and opening night performance were held, and the play was not revived until after Jarry's death.

The play brought fame to the 23-year-old Jarry, and he immersed himself in the fiction he had created. Gémier had modelled his portrayal of Ubu on Jarry's own staccato, nasal vocal delivery, which emphasized each syllable (even the silent ones). From then on, Jarry would always speak in this style. He adopted Ubu's ridiculous and pedantic figures of speech; for example, he referred to himself using the royal we, and called the wind "that which blows" and the bicycle he rode everywhere "that which rolls."

Jarry moved into a flat which the landlord had created through the unusual expedient of subdividing a larger flat by means of a horizontal rather than a vertical partition. The diminutive Jarry could just manage to stand up in the place, but guests had to bend or crouch. Jarry also took to carrying a loaded revolver. In response to a neighbour's complaint that his target shooting endangered her children, he replied, "If that should ever happen, ma-da-me, we should ourselves be happy to get new ones with you."

 
Jarry cycling in Corbeil in 1898.

With Franc-Nohain and Claude Terrasse he co-founded the Théâtre des Pantins, which in 1898 was the site of marionette performances of Ubu Roi.[10]

Living in worsening poverty, neglecting his health and drinking excessively, Jarry went on to write the novel Le Surmâle (The Supermale), which is partly a satire on the Symbolist ideal of self-transcendence.

Unpublished until after his death, his fiction Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician (Gestes et opinions du docteur Faustroll, pataphysicien) describes the exploits and teachings of a sort of antiphilosopher who, born at age 63, travels through a hallucinatory Paris in a sieve and subscribes to the tenets of 'pataphysics. 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one." In 'pataphysics, every event in the universe is accepted as an extraordinary event.

Jarry once wrote, expressing some of the bizarre logic of 'pataphysics, "If you let a coin fall and it falls, the next time it is just by an infinite coincidence that it will fall again the same way; hundreds of other coins on other hands will follow this pattern in an infinitely unimaginable fashion."

In his final years, he was a legendary and heroic figure to some of the young writers and artists in Paris. Guillaume Apollinaire, André Salmon and Max Jacob sought him out in his truncated apartment. Pablo Picasso was fascinated with Jarry.[11] After Jarry's death Picasso acquired his revolver and wore it on his nocturnal expeditions in Paris. He later bought many of his manuscripts as well as executing a fine drawing of him.

Jarry died in Paris on 1 November 1907 of tuberculosis, aggravated by drug and alcohol misuse. When he could not afford alcohol, he drank ether.[12] It is recorded that his last request was for a toothpick. He was interred in the Cimetière de Bagneux, near Paris.

The complete works of Alfred Jarry are published in three volumes by Gallimard in the collection Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.

Selected works edit

Plays edit

  • César-Antéchrist (1895) – (Caesar Antichrist) – which introduces Père Ubu and his symbolic meaning.
  • Ubu Roi (1896, revised from 1888) – (Ubu Rex) – which portrays the ambition of Père Ubu.
  • Ubu Cocu, ou l'Archeopteryx (1897) – (Ubu Cuckolded) – which portrays the inconstancy of Ubu's closest.
  • Ubu Enchaíné (1899) – (Ubu in Chains) – which portrays Père Ubu in service.
  • Ubu Sur La Butte (1906)

Novels edit

  • Les Jours et Les Nuits, roman d'un déserteur (1897) – (Days and Nights, novel of a deserter). The first part of a fictional (or pataphysical) autobiography of life in the army.
  • L'Amour en Visites (1897) – (Love in Visits). The second part of a fictional (or pataphysical) autobiography of life and the theatre.
  • L'Amour Absolu (1899) – (Absolute Love). The third and final part of this autobiography.
  • Messaline (1901) – (Messalina in English translation) – set in ancient Rome.
  • Le Surmâle (1902) – (The Supermale) – features a superhuman bicycle race in which the hero is propelled by perpetual motion food (alcohol).
  • Gestes et Opinions du Docteur Faustroll, Pataphysicien (Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician) – published posthumously in 1911. This novel's symbolism defines the symbolic meaning of pataphysique.
  • La Dragonne – assembled and published posthumously in 1943.

Other notable works edit

  • Short story La Passion considérée comme course de côte (The Passion Considered as an Uphill Bicycle Race) has been widely circulated and imitated, notably by J. G. Ballard and Robert Anton Wilson.
  • Comic operetta The Pope's Mustard-Maker (Le Moutardier du pape) First English translation (2019) by Doug Skinner.
  • Speculative essays Speculations (Spéculations) English translation (2022) by R J Dent.
  • Les Minutes de Sable Memorial (1894) – (Minutes of Memorial Sand) – a collection of short early works including the symbolist play Haldernablou.
  • La Chandelle Verte: Lumières sur les Choses de ce Temps – (The Green Candle) – a collection of absurdist essays which revert his pataphysique the other way round. They address contemporary issues in an absurd manner. Originally published in reviews and collected in 1969.
  • Illustrated Almanac of Père Ubu (1899).
  • Illustrated Almanac of Père Ubu – 2nd edition (1901). Both the 1899 and 1901 almanacs are downloadable (in French) at http://alfredjarry.fr/jarry/

References edit

  1. ^ Fenstermaker, Will (8 June 2020). "The Twisted Legacy of Alfred Jarry's Monsters". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  2. ^ Jarry, Alfred. "Ubu Roi". Dover (2003).
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  4. ^ Brotchie, Alastair. Alfred Jarry, a Pataphysical Life. MIT Press (2013). ISBN 978 0 262 01619 3.
  5. ^ Lennon, Nigey. Alfred Jarry: The Man with the Axe. San Francisco: Last Gasp, 1984, pp. 16–18. ISBN 0-86719-382-4.
  6. ^ Lennon, Nigey. Alfred Jarry: The Man with the Axe, pp. 34, 61.
  7. ^ Alastair Brotchie Alfred Jarry: A Pataphysical Life MIT Press, 2015, p. 117.
  8. ^ Gabriele Griffin Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay Writing Routledge, London 2002.
  9. ^ Cody, Gabriele. Sprinchorn, Everet. The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama, Volume 1. Columbia University Press (2007) ISBN 9780231144223 page 53.
  10. ^ "PADA, Schubertiade Music Online".
  11. ^ "5 Things You Didn't Know About Pablo Picasso". HuffPost. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  12. ^ Ford, Mark (10 May 2012). "The King of Charisma". The New York Review of Books.

Further reading edit

  • Beaumont, Keith (1984). Alfred Jarry: A Critical and Biographical Study. U.S.: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-01712-X.
  • Fell, Jill (2005). Alfred Jarry. An Imagination in Revolt. U.S.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 0-8386-4007-9.
  • Fell, Jill (2010). Alfred Jarry. London, Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-755-8.
  • Brotchie, Alastair (2011). Alfred Jarry: A Pataphysical Life. U.S.: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01619-3.
  • Lennon, Nigey (1984). Alfred Jarry: The Man with the Axe. U.S.: Last Gasp. ISBN 0-86719-382-4.
  • Tomkins, Calvin (1996). Duchamp: A Biography. U.S.: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-5789-7.
  • Shattuck, Roger (1958). The Banquet Years: The Arts in France, 1885–1918: Alfred Jarry, Henri Rousseau, Erik Satie, Guillaume Apollinaire. U.S.: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-394-70415-0.
  • Shattuck, Roger (1968). The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant-Garde in France, 1885 to World War I. U.S.: Freeport, N.Y., Books for Libraries Press. ISBN 0836928261. Revised edition of 1958 book.
  • Dubbelboer, Marieke (2012). The Subversive Poetics of Alfred Jarry: Ubusing Culture in the Almanachs du Pére Ubu. Maney. ISBN 978-1907747984.
  • Stillman, Linda Klieger (1980). La Theatralité dans l'Œuvre d'Alfred Jarry. U.S.: French Literature Publications Company. ISBN 0-917786-12-2
  • Stillman, Linda Klieger (1983). Alfred Jarry. U.S.: Twayne Publishers, ISBN 0-8057-6528-X.

External links edit

  •   Quotations related to Alfred Jarry at Wikiquote
  •   Media related to Alfred Jarry at Wikimedia Commons
  •   French Wikisource has original text related to this article: Alfred Jarry
  • Works by Alfred Jarry at Project Gutenberg
  • Works by or about Alfred Jarry at Internet Archive
  • Works by Alfred Jarry at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)  
  • Alfred Jarry at Find a Grave
  • (in French)

December 07, 2023
alfred, jarry, french, fʁɛd, september, 1873, november, 1907, french, symbolist, writer, best, known, play, 1896, often, cited, forerunner, dada, surrealist, futurist, movements, 1920s, 1930s, also, coined, term, philosophical, concept, pataphysics, jarry, 189. Alfred Jarry French al fʁɛd ʒa ʁi 8 September 1873 1 November 1907 was a French symbolist writer who is best known for his play Ubu Roi 1896 often cited as a forerunner of Dada and the Surrealist and Futurist movements of the 1920s and 1930s 1 2 He also coined the term and philosophical concept of pataphysics 3 Alfred JarryJarry in 1896Born 1873 09 08 8 September 1873Laval Mayenne FranceDied1 November 1907 1907 11 01 aged 34 Paris FranceOccupationWriter and dramatistNationalityFrenchGenre PataphysicsJarry was born in Laval Mayenne France and his mother was from Brittany 4 He wrote in a variety of hybrid genres and styles prefiguring the postmodern including novels poems short plays and operas bouffes absurdist essays and speculative journalism His texts are considered examples of absurdist literature and postmodern philosophy Contents 1 Biography and works 2 Selected works 2 1 Plays 2 2 Novels 2 3 Other notable works 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBiography and works edit nbsp Alfred Jarry Deux aspects de la marionnette original d Ubu Roi premiered at the Theatre de l Œuvre on 10 December 1896 His father Anselme Jarry 1837 1895 was a salesman who descended into alcoholism his mother Caroline nee Quernest 1842 1893 was interested in music and literature but her family had a streak of insanity and her mother and brother were institutionalized The couple had two surviving children a daughter Caroline Marie called Charlotte 1865 1925 and Alfred In 1879 Caroline left Anselme and took the children to Saint Brieuc in Brittany 5 In 1888 the family moved to Rennes where Jarry entered the lycee at 15 There he led a group of boys who enjoyed poking fun at their well meaning but obese and incompetent physics teacher a man named Hebert Jarry and his classmate Henri Morin wrote a play they called Les Polonais and performed it with marionettes in the home of one of their friends The main character Pere Heb was a blunderer with a huge belly three teeth one of stone one of iron and one of wood a single retractable ear and a misshapen body In Jarry s later work Ubu Roi Pere Heb would develop into Ubu one of the most monstrous and astonishing characters in French literature At 17 Jarry passed his baccalaureat and moved to Paris to prepare for admission to the Ecole Normale Superieure Though he was not admitted he soon gained attention for his original poems and prose poems A collection of his work Les minutes de sable memorial was published in 1893 That same year Jarry contracted influenza His mother and sister tended him but once he recovered his mother fell ill of the disease and died two years later his father perished from influenza as well leaving Jarry a small inheritance which he quickly spent 6 Jarry had meantime discovered the pleasures of alcohol which he called my sacred herb or when referring to absinthe the green goddess A story is told that he once painted his face green and rode through town on his bicycle in its honour and possibly under its influence When he was drafted into the army in 1894 his gift for turning notions upside down defeated attempts to instill military discipline The sight of the diminutive Jarry in a uniform much too large for his less than 5 foot frame the army did not issue uniforms small enough was so disruptively funny that he was excused from parades and marching drills Eventually the army discharged him for medical reasons His military experience eventually inspired his novel Days and Nights In his youth Jarry was homosexually inclined 7 although like many bohemians he disavowed sexual categorization A brief but passionate relationship with future poet Leon Paul Fargue inspired his semi autobiographical play Haldernablou 1894 8 nbsp Pere Ubu later Ubu Roi from a woodcut by Alfred Jarry Jarry returned to Paris and applied himself to writing drinking and the company of friends who appreciated his witty sweet tempered and unpredictable conversation This period is marked by his intense involvement with Remy de Gourmont in the publication of L Ymagier a luxuriously produced art magazine devoted to the symbolic analysis of medieval and popular prints Symbolism as an art movement was in full swing at this time and L Ymagier provided a nexus for many of its key contributors Jarry s play Caesar Antichrist 1895 drew on this movement for material This is a work that bridges the gap between serious symbolic meaning and the type of critical absurdity with which Jarry would soon become associated Using the biblical Book of Revelation as a point of departure Caesar Antichrist presents a parallel world of extreme formal symbolism in which Christ is resurrected not as an agent of spirituality but as an agent of the Roman Empire that seeks to dominate spirituality It is a unique narrative that effectively links the domination of the soul to contemporaneous advances in the field of Egyptology such as the 1894 excavation of the Narmer Palette an ancient artifact used for situating the rebus within hermeneutics The character Ubu Roi first appears in this play 9 nbsp Jarry left and Alfred Vallette editor of the literary magazine Mercure de France Vallette in 1894 in his own home hosted a presentation of Ubu Roi The spring of 1896 saw the publication in Paul Fort s review Le Livre d art of Jarry s 5 act play Ubu Roi the rewritten and expanded Les Polonais of his school days Ubu Roi s savage humour and monstrous absurdity unlike anything thus far performed in French theatre seemed unlikely to ever actually be performed on stage However impetuous theatre director Aurelien Marie Lugne Poe took the risk producing the play at his Theatre de l Œuvre On opening night 10 December 1896 with traditionalists and the avant garde in the audience King Ubu played by Firmin Gemier stepped forward and intoned the opening word Merdre often translated as Pshit or Shittr in English A quarter of an hour of pandemonium ensued outraged cries booing and whistling by the offended parties countered by cheers and applause by the more bohemian contingent Such interruptions continued through the evening At the time only the dress rehearsal and opening night performance were held and the play was not revived until after Jarry s death The play brought fame to the 23 year old Jarry and he immersed himself in the fiction he had created Gemier had modelled his portrayal of Ubu on Jarry s own staccato nasal vocal delivery which emphasized each syllable even the silent ones From then on Jarry would always speak in this style He adopted Ubu s ridiculous and pedantic figures of speech for example he referred to himself using the royal we and called the wind that which blows and the bicycle he rode everywhere that which rolls Jarry moved into a flat which the landlord had created through the unusual expedient of subdividing a larger flat by means of a horizontal rather than a vertical partition The diminutive Jarry could just manage to stand up in the place but guests had to bend or crouch Jarry also took to carrying a loaded revolver In response to a neighbour s complaint that his target shooting endangered her children he replied If that should ever happen ma da me we should ourselves be happy to get new ones with you nbsp Jarry cycling in Corbeil in 1898 With Franc Nohain and Claude Terrasse he co founded the Theatre des Pantins which in 1898 was the site of marionette performances of Ubu Roi 10 Living in worsening poverty neglecting his health and drinking excessively Jarry went on to write the novel Le Surmale The Supermale which is partly a satire on the Symbolist ideal of self transcendence Unpublished until after his death his fiction Exploits and Opinions of Dr Faustroll Pataphysician Gestes et opinions du docteur Faustroll pataphysicien describes the exploits and teachings of a sort of antiphilosopher who born at age 63 travels through a hallucinatory Paris in a sieve and subscribes to the tenets of pataphysics Pataphysics deals with the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one In pataphysics every event in the universe is accepted as an extraordinary event Jarry once wrote expressing some of the bizarre logic of pataphysics If you let a coin fall and it falls the next time it is just by an infinite coincidence that it will fall again the same way hundreds of other coins on other hands will follow this pattern in an infinitely unimaginable fashion In his final years he was a legendary and heroic figure to some of the young writers and artists in Paris Guillaume Apollinaire Andre Salmon and Max Jacob sought him out in his truncated apartment Pablo Picasso was fascinated with Jarry 11 After Jarry s death Picasso acquired his revolver and wore it on his nocturnal expeditions in Paris He later bought many of his manuscripts as well as executing a fine drawing of him Jarry died in Paris on 1 November 1907 of tuberculosis aggravated by drug and alcohol misuse When he could not afford alcohol he drank ether 12 It is recorded that his last request was for a toothpick He was interred in the Cimetiere de Bagneux near Paris The complete works of Alfred Jarry are published in three volumes by Gallimard in the collection Bibliotheque de la Pleiade Selected works editPlays edit Cesar Antechrist 1895 Caesar Antichrist which introduces Pere Ubu and his symbolic meaning Ubu Roi 1896 revised from 1888 Ubu Rex which portrays the ambition of Pere Ubu Ubu Cocu ou l Archeopteryx 1897 Ubu Cuckolded which portrays the inconstancy of Ubu s closest Ubu Enchaine 1899 Ubu in Chains which portrays Pere Ubu in service Ubu Sur La Butte 1906 Novels edit Les Jours et Les Nuits roman d un deserteur 1897 Days and Nights novel of a deserter The first part of a fictional or pataphysical autobiography of life in the army L Amour en Visites 1897 Love in Visits The second part of a fictional or pataphysical autobiography of life and the theatre L Amour Absolu 1899 Absolute Love The third and final part of this autobiography Messaline 1901 Messalina in English translation set in ancient Rome Le Surmale 1902 The Supermale features a superhuman bicycle race in which the hero is propelled by perpetual motion food alcohol Gestes et Opinions du Docteur Faustroll Pataphysicien Exploits and Opinions of Dr Faustroll Pataphysician published posthumously in 1911 This novel s symbolism defines the symbolic meaning of pataphysique La Dragonne assembled and published posthumously in 1943 Other notable works edit Short story La Passion consideree comme course de cote The Passion Considered as an Uphill Bicycle Race has been widely circulated and imitated notably by J G Ballard and Robert Anton Wilson Comic operetta The Pope s Mustard Maker Le Moutardier du pape First English translation 2019 by Doug Skinner Speculative essays Speculations Speculations English translation 2022 by R J Dent Les Minutes de Sable Memorial 1894 Minutes of Memorial Sand a collection of short early works including the symbolist play Haldernablou La Chandelle Verte Lumieres sur les Choses de ce Temps The Green Candle a collection of absurdist essays which revert his pataphysique the other way round They address contemporary issues in an absurd manner Originally published in reviews and collected in 1969 Illustrated Almanac of Pere Ubu 1899 Illustrated Almanac of Pere Ubu 2nd edition 1901 Both the 1899 and 1901 almanacs are downloadable in French at http alfredjarry fr jarry References edit Fenstermaker Will 8 June 2020 The Twisted Legacy of Alfred Jarry s Monsters ISSN 0027 8378 Retrieved 18 March 2023 Jarry Alfred Ubu Roi Dover 2003 Pataphysics 01 edition Archived from the original on 16 March 2016 Retrieved 11 November 2015 Brotchie Alastair Alfred Jarry a Pataphysical Life MIT Press 2013 ISBN 978 0 262 01619 3 Lennon Nigey Alfred Jarry The Man with the Axe San Francisco Last Gasp 1984 pp 16 18 ISBN 0 86719 382 4 Lennon Nigey Alfred Jarry The Man with the Axe pp 34 61 Alastair Brotchie Alfred Jarry A Pataphysical Life MIT Press 2015 p 117 Gabriele Griffin Who s Who in Lesbian and Gay Writing Routledge London 2002 Cody Gabriele Sprinchorn Everet The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama Volume 1 Columbia University Press 2007 ISBN 9780231144223 page 53 PADA Schubertiade Music Online 5 Things You Didn t Know About Pablo Picasso HuffPost 8 April 2015 Retrieved 3 May 2016 Ford Mark 10 May 2012 The King of Charisma The New York Review of Books Further reading editBeaumont Keith 1984 Alfred Jarry A Critical and Biographical Study U S St Martin s Press ISBN 0 312 01712 X Fell Jill 2005 Alfred Jarry An Imagination in Revolt U S Fairleigh Dickinson University Press ISBN 0 8386 4007 9 Fell Jill 2010 Alfred Jarry London Reaktion Books ISBN 978 1 86189 755 8 Brotchie Alastair 2011 Alfred Jarry A Pataphysical Life U S The MIT Press ISBN 978 0 262 01619 3 Lennon Nigey 1984 Alfred Jarry The Man with the Axe U S Last Gasp ISBN 0 86719 382 4 Tomkins Calvin 1996 Duchamp A Biography U S Henry Holt and Company ISBN 0 8050 5789 7 Shattuck Roger 1958 The Banquet Years The Arts in France 1885 1918 Alfred Jarry Henri Rousseau Erik Satie Guillaume Apollinaire U S Henry Holt and Company ISBN 0 394 70415 0 Shattuck Roger 1968 The Banquet Years The Origins of the Avant Garde in France 1885 to World War I U S Freeport N Y Books for Libraries Press ISBN 0836928261 Revised edition of 1958 book Dubbelboer Marieke 2012 The Subversive Poetics of Alfred Jarry Ubusing Culture in the Almanachs du Pere Ubu Maney ISBN 978 1907747984 Stillman Linda Klieger 1980 La Theatralite dans l Œuvre d Alfred Jarry U S French Literature Publications Company ISBN 0 917786 12 2 Stillman Linda Klieger 1983 Alfred Jarry U S Twayne Publishers ISBN 0 8057 6528 X External links edit nbsp Quotations related to Alfred Jarry at Wikiquote nbsp Media related to Alfred Jarry at Wikimedia Commons nbsp French Wikisource has original text related to this article Alfred Jarry Works by Alfred Jarry at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Alfred Jarry at Internet Archive Works by Alfred Jarry at LibriVox public domain audiobooks nbsp Alfred Jarry at Find a Grave Ubu Roi ou Les Polonais at athena unige ch in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alfred Jarry amp oldid 1186898663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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