Alberto Alesina

Alberto Francesco Alesina (29 April 1957 – 23 May 2020) was an Italian political economist. Considered one of the most cited supporters of austerity policies^[1] in the 2000s,^[2] he wrote about economics and political science.^[3]

Alberto Alesina
Alesina in 2013
Born	(1957-04-29)29 April 1957 Broni, Lombardy, Italy
Died	23 May 2020(2020-05-23) (aged 63)
Academic career
Institution	Harvard University
Field	Political economics
Alma mater	Harvard University Bocconi University
Doctoral advisor	Jeffrey Sachs
Doctoral students	Silvana Tenreyro
Information at IDEAS / RePEc

Background and professional life

Alesina was born in Broni, Lombardy, Italy.^{[citation needed]} He obtained his undergraduate degree in economics from Bocconi University.^[4]

From 2003 to 2006, Alesina served as Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University. He was the Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard. He visited several institutions including Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Tel Aviv University, University of Stockholm, The World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In 2006, Alesina participated in the Stock Exchange of Visions project.^{[citation needed]}

He published five books and edited more. His two last books were The Future of Europe: Reform or Decline (2006, MIT Press), and Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe: A World of Difference (2004, Oxford). He was a co-editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics for eight years and associate editor of academic journals. He published columns in newspapers around the world. He was a founding contributor of the online economic policy and research journal Voxeu.org and of Lavoce.info.^{[citation needed]}

Alesina's work covered a variety of topics, including:

• Political business cycles
• The political economy of fiscal policy and budget deficits
• The process of European integration
• Stabilization policies in high inflation countries
• Currency unions
• The political economic determinants of re-distributive policies
• Differences in the welfare state in the US and Europe
• Differences in the economic system in the US and Europe
• The effect of alternative electoral systems on economic policies
• The determination of the choice of different electoral systems^{[citation needed]}

Alesina was a member of the National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, Massachusetts), the Centre for Economic Policy Research in London, and the Econometric Society.^[5] He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006.^[6]

Death

Alesina died from a suspected heart attack on 23 May 2020, while hiking with his wife, Susan.^[7][8] In 2021, Harvard University renamed its political economy workshop in Alesina's honor.^[9]

Austerity

Alesina was an influential proponent of austerity during the Great Recession.^[4][10] He argued that austerity can be expansionary in situations where government reduction in spending is offset by greater increases in aggregate demand (private consumption, private investment and exports).^[11] A credible fiscal consolidation would reduce private actors' uncertainty and lower the risk premium. Assuming that Ricardian equivalence and the Permanent income hypothesis hold, actors' expected future wealth would increase and induce them to consume more.^[12]

In October 2009 Alesina and Silvia Ardagna published "Large Changes in Fiscal Policy: Taxes Versus Spending",^[13] a much-cited academic paper aimed at showing that fiscal austerity measures did not hurt economies, and actually helped their recovery. On 6 June 2013, U.S. economist and 2008 Nobel laureate Paul Krugman published "How the Case for Austerity Has Crumbled"^[14] in The New York Review of Books, noting how influential these articles have been with policymakers, describing the paper by the 'Bocconi Boys' Alesina and Ardagna (from the name of their Italian alma mater) as "a full frontal assault on the Keynesian proposition that cutting spending in a weak economy produces further weakness", arguing the reverse.^{[citation needed]}

More recently, studies by the IMF and others have cast doubt on the methodological underpinning of Alesina's work, and conclude that the evidence is more likely to suggest a contractionary effect of fiscal consolidation.^[15][16]

Selected publications

Books

• 1995. Partisan Politics, Divided Government and the Economy (with Howard Rosenthal). Cambridge. Description & TOC and preview.
• 1997a. Political Cycles and the Macroeconomy (with Nouriel Roubini & Gerald D. Cohen). MIT Press. and chapter-preview links.
• 1997b. Designing Macroeconomic Policy for Europe (with Olivier Blanchard et al.), CEPR, London.
• 2003. The Size of Nations (with Enrico Spolaore). MIT Press. and chapter-preview links.
• 2004. Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe: A World of Difference (with Edward Glaeser). Oxford. Description, and "slide-show" summary, and chapter-preview links via "select" click.
• 2006. The Future of Europe: Reform or Decline (with Francesco Giavazzi), MIT Press. , Introduction^{[permanent dead link]}, preview.

Articles

Press + to enlarge small-font links below.

• 1987. "Macroeconomic Policy in a Two-Party System as a Repeated Game," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 102(3), p pp. 651–678.
• 1988b. "Macroeconomics and Politics," NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1988, Volume 3, pp. 13–62.
• 1991. "Why Are Stabilizations Delayed?" (with Allan Drazen), American Economic Review, 81(5), pp.
• 1993. "Central Bank Independence and Macroeconomic Performance: Some Comparative Evidence" (with Lawrence H. Summers), Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 25(2), p pp. 151–162.
• 1994. "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth" (with Dani Rodrik), Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), p pp. 465–490.
• 1995. "The Political Economy of Budget Deficits" (with Roberto Perotti), IMF Staff Papers, 42(1), pp. pp. 1–31.
• 1996a. "Political Instability and Economic Growth" (with Sule Özler et al.), Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), p pp. 189–211
• 1996b. "Income Distribution, Political Instability, and Investment," (with Roberto Perotti), European Economic Review, 40(6), pp. 1203–1228. Abstract.
• 1997. "On the Number and Size of Nations" (with Enrico Spolaore), Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4), p pp. 1027–1056.
• 1999. "Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions" (with Reza Baqir & William Easterly), Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(4), pp. 1243–1284.^{[permanent dead link]}
• 2000a. "Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?" (with David Dollar), Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), p pp. 33–63.
• 2000b. "Participation in Heterogeneous Communities" (with Eliana La Ferrara), Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), p pp. 847–904.
• 2002a. "Who Trusts Others?" Journal of Public Economics, 85(2), pp. (close Pages tab).
• 2002b. "Fiscal Policy, Profits, and Investment" (with Silvia Ardagna et al.), American Economic Review, 92(3), pp. 571–589. 7 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
• 2003. "Fractionalization" (with Arnaud Devleeschauwer et al.), Journal of Economic Growth, 8(2), p pp. 155–194.
• 2004. "Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?" (with Rafael Di Tellab and Robert MacCulloch), Journal of Public Economics, 88(9–10), pp. (close Bookmarks tab).
• 2005a. "International Unions" (with Ignazio Angeloni and Federico Etro), American Economic Review, 95(3), p pp. 602–615.
• 2005b. "Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance" (with Eliana La Ferrara), Journal of Economic Literature, 43(3), pp.
• 2007:3. "Political Economy," NBER Reporter, pp. 1–5 (press +).
• 2010. "Large Changes in Fiscal Policy: Taxes versus Spending" (with Silvia Ardagna), in J. R. Brown, ed., Tax Policy and the Economy, v. 24, ch. 2, pp. 35–68. doi:10.1086/649828
• 2013. "On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough" (with Paola Giuliano and Nathan Nunn), Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2013; 128 (2) : 469–530.
• 2015. "The Output Effect of Fiscal Consolidations" (with Carlo Favero and Francesco Giavazzi), Journal of International Economics, vol 96, pages S19-S42. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.11.003
• 2016. "Ethnic Inequality" (with Stelios Michalopoulos and Elias Papaioannou), Journal of Political Economy, vol. 124(2), pages 428-488 doi:10.1086/685300
• 2016. "Birthplace Diversity and Economic Prosperity" (with Johann Harnoss and Hillel Rapoport), Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 21(2), pages 101-138 doi:10.1007/s10887-016-9127-6

References

1. [9783319504384 Austerity vs stimulus: the political future of economic recovery]. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. n.d. ISBN 978-3-319-50438-4 – via K10plus ISBN. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
2. Paul Krugman. "The austerity delusion". the Guardian. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
3. Summers, Lawrence (24 May 2020). "It is hard to imagine the field of political economy without Alberto Alesina". Washington Post.
4. Helgadóttir, Oddný (15 March 2016). "The Bocconi boys go to Brussels: Italian economic ideas, professional networks and European austerity". Journal of European Public Policy. 23 (3): 392–409. doi:10.1080/13501763.2015.1106573. ISSN 1350-1763. S2CID 155917559.
5. *Harvard Faculty page. 20 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
6. "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
7. È morto Alberto Alesina, economista italiano che ha conquistato Harward (in Italian)
8. Mineo, Liz (27 May 2020). "Recalling a pioneer of modern political economy". The Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
9. "Seminar Series: Alberto Alesina Seminar on Political Economy". www.iq.harvard.edu. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
10. Farrell, Henry; Quiggin, John (2017). "Consensus, Dissensus, and Economic Ideas: Economic Crisis and the Rise and Fall of Keynesianism". International Studies Quarterly. 61 (2): 269–283. doi:10.1093/isq/sqx010. ISSN 0020-8833.
11. Alesina, Alberto; Favero, Carlo; Giavazzi, Francesco (2019). Austerity: When It Works and When It Doesn't. Princeton University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-691-17221-7. JSTOR j.ctvc77f4b.
12. Carlin, Wendy; Soskice, David (2014). Macroeconomics:Institutions, instability, and the financial system. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 528–530.
13. Alesina, Alberto F.; Ardagna, Silvia (October 2009). "Large Changes in Fiscal Policy: Taxes Versus Spending". NBER Working Paper No. 15438. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.362.7482. doi:10.3386/w15438.
14. How the Case for Austerity Has Crumbled, Paul Krugman, The New York Review of Books, June 6, 2013
15. Devries, Pete; Guajardo, Jaime; Leigh, Daniel; Pescatori, Andrea (2011). "A New Action-Based Dataset of Fiscal Consolidation". IMF Working Paper. 128 (11). SSRN 1861798.
16. Imported flagship issuesIMF 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine

External links

• Web site of LaVoce.info
• Alberto Alesina talks about his new book, "The Future of Europe" with Jenny Attiyeh on the interview program ThoughtCast!