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Alain Aspect

February 01, 2024

Alain Aspect (French: [aspɛ] ⓘ; born 15 June 1947[3]) is a French physicist noted for his experimental work on quantum entanglement.[4][5][6][7]

Alain Aspect
Born (1947-06-15) 15 June 1947 (age 76)
Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, France
Alma mater
Known forAspect's experiment
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysicist
Institutions
Theses
  • Contribution à l'étude de la spectrographie de Fourier par holographie (1971)
  • Trois tests expérimentaux des inégalités de Bell par mesure de corrélation de polarisation de photons (1983)
Doctoral advisorSerge Lowenthal
Websiteuniversite-paris-saclay.fr/alain-aspect

Aspect was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger, "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science".[8]

Education edit

Main article: Aspect's experiment

Aspect is a graduate of the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan (ENS Cachan, today part of Paris-Saclay University).[2] He passed the agrégation in physics in 1969 and received his PhD degree in 1971 from the École supérieure d'optique (later known as Institut d'Optique Graduate School) of Université d'Orsay (later known as Université Paris-Sud). He then taught for three years in Cameroon as a replacement for then compulsory military service.[9]

In the early 1980s, while working on his doctorat d'État (habilitation thesis),[10] he performed the Bell test experiments that showed that Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen's putative reductio ad absurdum of quantum mechanics, namely that it implied 'ghostly action at a distance', did in fact appear to be realized when two particles were separated by an arbitrarily large distance (see EPR paradox and Aspect's experiment). A correlation between the particles' wave functions remains, as long as they were once part of the same undisturbed wave function before one of the child particles was measured. He defended his doctorat d'État in 1983 at Université Paris-Sud (today part of Paris-Saclay University).[11]

Aspect received an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2008.[12]

Research edit

Aspect's experiments, following the first experiment of Stuart Freedman and John Clauser in 1972, were considered to provide further support to the thesis that Bell's inequalities are violated in its CHSH version, in particular by closing a form of the locality loophole. However, his results were not completely conclusive since there were loopholes that allowed for alternative explanations that comply with local realism.[13]

After his work on Bell's inequalities, Aspect turned toward studies of laser cooling of neutral atoms, and Bose–Einstein condensates at the Kastler-Brossel Laboratory.[14]

 
Aspect at the École Polytechnique (Polytechnic Institute of Paris).

Aspect was deputy director of the French "grande école" École supérieure d'optique until 1994. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and French Academy of Technologies, and a professor at the École Polytechnique.[2]

 
Alain Aspect at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2013.
 
Alain Aspect at Institut d'Optique, October 4, 2022.

Distinctions edit

Aspect was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2015.[15] His certificate of election reads

For his fundamental experiments in quantum optics and atomic physics. Alain Aspect was the first to exclude subluminal communication between the measurement stations in experimental demonstrations that quantum mechanics invalidates separable hidden-variable theories and the first to demonstrate experimentally the wave–particle duality of single photons. He co-invented the technique of velocity-selective coherent population trapping, was the first to compare the Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations of fermions and bosons under the same conditions, and the first to demonstrate Anderson localization in an ultra-cold atom system. His experiments illuminate fundamental aspects of the quantum-mechanical behaviour of single photons, photon pairs and atoms.[1]

In 2005 he was awarded the gold medal of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, where he is Research Director. The 2010 Wolf Prize in physics was awarded to Aspect, Anton Zeilinger and John Clauser. In 2013 Aspect was awarded both the Niels Bohr International Gold Medal and the UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal. In 2011, he was assigned the Medal of the City of Paris. In 2013, he was also awarded the Balzan Prize for Quantum Information Processing and Communication. In 2014, he was named Officer of the Legion of Honour.[16]

Asteroid 33163 Alainaspect, discovered by astronomers at Caussols in 1998, was named after him.[17] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 November 2019 (M.P.C. 118220).[18]

Aspect was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics alongside John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell's inequalities and pioneering quantum information science".[8]

Honours and awards edit

Accolades received by Aspect include the following:[19][20]

Honours edit

Awards edit

 
Alain Aspect at the Balzan Prize ceremony (Bern, November 15, 2013).

Acknowledgement edit

Honorary degrees edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b . London: The Royal Society. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d "Alain Aspect". Université Paris-Saclay. 17 February 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  4. ^ Aspect, Alain; Grangier, Philippe; Roger, Gérard (12 July 1982). "Experimental Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-BohmGedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell's Inequalities". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 49 (2): 91–94. Bibcode:1982PhRvL..49...91A. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.49.91. ISSN 0031-9007.
  5. ^ Aspect, Alain; Dalibard, Jean; Roger, Gérard (20 December 1982). "Experimental Test of Bell's Inequalities Using Time- Varying Analyzers". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 49 (25): 1804–1807. Bibcode:1982PhRvL..49.1804A. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.49.1804. ISSN 0031-9007.
  6. ^ Aspect, Alain (2007). "Quantum mechanics: To be or not to be local". Nature. 446 (7138): 866–867. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..866A. doi:10.1038/446866a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 17443174. S2CID 4397846.
  7. ^ "Alain Aspect's Curriculum Vitae, Updated March 2012" (PDF). Academia Europaea. 17 March 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  8. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022". Nobel Prize (Press release). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . 4 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  9. ^ "Alain Aspect, prix Nobel de physique 2022". cnrs.fr.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  11. ^ "Qui est Alain Aspect, ce chercheur français co-lauréat du prix Nobel de physique ?". radiofrance.fr. 4 October 2022.
  12. ^ . www1.hw.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  13. ^ J.-Å. Larsson (2014). "Loopholes in Bell inequality tests of local realism". J. Phys. A. 47 (42): 424003. arXiv:1407.0363. Bibcode:2014JPhA...47P4003L. doi:10.1088/1751-8113/47/42/424003. S2CID 40332044.
  14. ^ "Alain Aspect, prix Nobel de physique 2022". cnrs.fr.
  15. ^ "Alain Aspect | Royal Society".
  16. ^ "Alain Aspect nommé membre honoraire d'Optica". cnrs.fr. 4 March 2022.
  17. ^ "(33163) Alainaspect". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  18. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  19. ^ "Alain Aspect". ae-info.org.
  20. ^ "Alain Aspect's Curriculum Vitae" (PDF).

Publications edit

  • Bardou, François; Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe; Aspect, Alain; Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude (2002). Lévy Statistics and Laser Cooling. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00422-0.
  • Bell, J. S. (3 June 2004). Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81862-1.
  • Grynberg, Gilbert; Aspect, Alain; Fabre, Claude (2 September 2010). Introduction to Quantum Optics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55112-0.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alain Aspect.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Alain Aspect.
 
Scholia has a profile for Alain Aspect (Q364997).

February 01, 2024
alain, aspect, french, aspɛ, born, june, 1947, french, physicist, noted, experimental, work, quantum, entanglement, born, 1947, june, 1947, agen, garonne, francealma, materÉcole, normale, supérieure, cachanuniversité, orsayknown, foraspect, experimentawardshol. Alain Aspect French aspɛ born 15 June 1947 3 is a French physicist noted for his experimental work on quantum entanglement 4 5 6 7 Alain AspectBorn 1947 06 15 15 June 1947 age 76 Agen Lot et Garonne FranceAlma materEcole Normale Superieure de CachanUniversite d OrsayKnown forAspect s experimentAwardsHolweck Medal 1991 Wolf Prize in Physics 2010 Albert Einstein Medal 2012 ForMemRS 2015 1 Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 Scientific careerFieldsPhysicistInstitutionsInstitut d Optique Paris Saclay University 2 Ecole Polytechnique Polytechnic Institute of Paris 2 Centre national de la recherche scientifiqueHong Kong Institute for Advanced Study City University of Hong Kong ThesesContribution a l etude de la spectrographie de Fourier par holographie 1971 Trois tests experimentaux des inegalites de Bell par mesure de correlation de polarisation de photons 1983 Doctoral advisorSerge LowenthalWebsiteuniversite paris saclay fr alain aspectAspect was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science 8 Contents 1 Education 2 Research 3 Distinctions 4 Honours and awards 4 1 Honours 4 2 Awards 4 3 Acknowledgement 4 4 Honorary degrees 5 References 6 Publications 7 External linksEducation editMain article Aspect s experiment Aspect is a graduate of the Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan ENS Cachan today part of Paris Saclay University 2 He passed the agregation in physics in 1969 and received his PhD degree in 1971 from the Ecole superieure d optique later known as Institut d Optique Graduate School of Universite d Orsay later known as Universite Paris Sud He then taught for three years in Cameroon as a replacement for then compulsory military service 9 In the early 1980s while working on his doctorat d Etat habilitation thesis 10 he performed the Bell test experiments that showed that Albert Einstein Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen s putative reductio ad absurdum of quantum mechanics namely that it implied ghostly action at a distance did in fact appear to be realized when two particles were separated by an arbitrarily large distance see EPR paradox and Aspect s experiment A correlation between the particles wave functions remains as long as they were once part of the same undisturbed wave function before one of the child particles was measured He defended his doctorat d Etat in 1983 at Universite Paris Sud today part of Paris Saclay University 11 Aspect received an honorary doctorate from Heriot Watt University in 2008 12 Research editAspect s experiments following the first experiment of Stuart Freedman and John Clauser in 1972 were considered to provide further support to the thesis that Bell s inequalities are violated in its CHSH version in particular by closing a form of the locality loophole However his results were not completely conclusive since there were loopholes that allowed for alternative explanations that comply with local realism 13 After his work on Bell s inequalities Aspect turned toward studies of laser cooling of neutral atoms and Bose Einstein condensates at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory 14 nbsp Aspect at the Ecole Polytechnique Polytechnic Institute of Paris Aspect was deputy director of the French grande ecole Ecole superieure d optique until 1994 He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and French Academy of Technologies and a professor at the Ecole Polytechnique 2 nbsp Alain Aspect at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2013 nbsp Alain Aspect at Institut d Optique October 4 2022 Distinctions editAspect was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society ForMemRS in 2015 15 His certificate of election readsFor his fundamental experiments in quantum optics and atomic physics Alain Aspect was the first to exclude subluminal communication between the measurement stations in experimental demonstrations that quantum mechanics invalidates separable hidden variable theories and the first to demonstrate experimentally the wave particle duality of single photons He co invented the technique of velocity selective coherent population trapping was the first to compare the Hanbury Brown Twiss correlations of fermions and bosons under the same conditions and the first to demonstrate Anderson localization in an ultra cold atom system His experiments illuminate fundamental aspects of the quantum mechanical behaviour of single photons photon pairs and atoms 1 In 2005 he was awarded the gold medal of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique where he is Research Director The 2010 Wolf Prize in physics was awarded to Aspect Anton Zeilinger and John Clauser In 2013 Aspect was awarded both the Niels Bohr International Gold Medal and the UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal In 2011 he was assigned the Medal of the City of Paris In 2013 he was also awarded the Balzan Prize for Quantum Information Processing and Communication In 2014 he was named Officer of the Legion of Honour 16 Asteroid 33163 Alainaspect discovered by astronomers at Caussols in 1998 was named after him 17 The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 November 2019 M P C 118220 18 Aspect was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics alongside John F Clauser and Anton Zeilinger for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell s inequalities and pioneering quantum information science 8 Honours and awards editAccolades received by Aspect include the following 19 20 Honours edit 2022 Commander of the Legion of Honour 2014 Officier of the Legion of Honour 2011 Officier of the National Order of Merit 2011 Commander of the Palmes academiques 2011 Medal of the City of Paris 2005 Knight of the Legion of Honour Awards edit nbsp Alain Aspect at the Balzan Prize ceremony Bern November 15 2013 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger 2013 Balzan Prize 2013 Niels Bohr International Gold Medal 2013 UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal 2013 Frederic Ives Medal Quinn Prize Awards 2012 Albert Einstein Medal 2011 Herbert Walther award 2010 Wolf Prize 2005 CNRS Gold Medal 1999 Gay Lussac Humboldt Prize 1991 Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize 1987 International Commission for Optics Award 1985 Commonwealth Award for Science and Invention 1983 Prix ServantAcknowledgement edit Member of the Academia Europaea Member of the French Academy of Sciences Member of the French Academy of Technologies Foreign Member of the Royal Society Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences Associate Member of the Royal Academy of Science Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium Corresponding member abroad of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Fellow of OpticaHonorary degrees edit 2006 Universite de Montreal 2008 Australian National University 2008 Heriot Watt University 2010 University of Glasgow 2011 University of Haifa 2014 University of Waterloo 2018 City University of Hong KongReferences edit a b Certificate of Election EC 2015 48 Aspect Alain London The Royal Society Archived from the original on 8 July 2019 a b c d Alain Aspect Universite Paris Saclay 17 February 2020 Retrieved 4 October 2022 The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 NobelPrize org Retrieved 4 October 2022 Aspect Alain Grangier Philippe Roger Gerard 12 July 1982 Experimental Realization of Einstein Podolsky Rosen BohmGedankenexperiment A New Violation of Bell s Inequalities Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 49 2 91 94 Bibcode 1982PhRvL 49 91A doi 10 1103 physrevlett 49 91 ISSN 0031 9007 Aspect Alain Dalibard Jean Roger Gerard 20 December 1982 Experimental Test of Bell s Inequalities Using Time Varying Analyzers Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 49 25 1804 1807 Bibcode 1982PhRvL 49 1804A doi 10 1103 physrevlett 49 1804 ISSN 0031 9007 Aspect Alain 2007 Quantum mechanics To be or not to be local Nature 446 7138 866 867 Bibcode 2007Natur 446 866A doi 10 1038 446866a ISSN 0028 0836 PMID 17443174 S2CID 4397846 Alain Aspect s Curriculum Vitae Updated March 2012 PDF Academia Europaea 17 March 2012 Retrieved 4 October 2022 a b The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 Nobel Prize Press release The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 4 October 2022 Retrieved 6 October 2022 Alain Aspect prix Nobel de physique 2022 cnrs fr CV Archived from the original on 20 March 2012 Retrieved 5 March 2011 Qui est Alain Aspect ce chercheur francais co laureat du prix Nobel de physique radiofrance fr 4 October 2022 Annual Review 2008 Principal s Review www1 hw ac uk Archived from the original on 12 April 2016 Retrieved 29 March 2016 J A Larsson 2014 Loopholes in Bell inequality tests of local realism J Phys A 47 42 424003 arXiv 1407 0363 Bibcode 2014JPhA 47P4003L doi 10 1088 1751 8113 47 42 424003 S2CID 40332044 Alain Aspect prix Nobel de physique 2022 cnrs fr Alain Aspect Royal Society Alain Aspect nomme membre honoraire d Optica cnrs fr 4 March 2022 33163 Alainaspect Minor Planet Center Retrieved 20 November 2019 MPC MPO MPS Archive Minor Planet Center Retrieved 20 November 2019 Alain Aspect ae info org Alain Aspect s Curriculum Vitae PDF Publications editBardou Francois Bouchaud Jean Philippe Aspect Alain Cohen Tannoudji Claude 2002 Levy Statistics and Laser Cooling Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 00422 0 Bell J S 3 June 2004 Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 81862 1 Grynberg Gilbert Aspect Alain Fabre Claude 2 September 2010 Introduction to Quantum Optics Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 55112 0 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alain Aspect nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Alain Aspect nbsp Scholia has a profile for Alain Aspect Q364997 Aspect s homepage Biography at CNRS Alain Aspect International Balzan Prize Foundation Videos of Alain Aspect in the AV Portal of the German National Library of Science and Technology Alain Aspect on NobelPrize org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alain Aspect amp oldid 1196128174, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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