The African thrush or West African thrush (Turdus pelios) is a passerinebird in the thrush family Turdidae. It is common in well-wooded areas over much of the western part of sub-SaharanAfrica, it was once considered to be conspecific with the olive thrush but that species has now been split further. Populations are resident (non-migratory).
The African Thrush has dark olive-grey upperparts. The underparts show a whitish evenly brown- streaked side throat, the breast is greyish brown and the flanks are pale buff-orange with this colour not extending on to the lower breast, the belly and vent are white. It has a yellow-orange bill.[3] It weighs 46–78 g (1.6–2.8 oz) and measures 21–23 cm (8.3–9.1 in) in length.[4]
Voiceedit
The song of the African thrush is a sustained, clear warbling made up of different phrases repeated rather randomly in a sequence. Also a high-pitched squealing flight call.[5]
The African thrush can be found in all sorts of wooded habitats including forest edge, riparian woodland, scrub cultivation, parks and gardens.[4]
Habitsedit
The African thrush is normally encountered either singly or in pairs and is shy and retiring, preferring to remain in cover, but will come out and gather at fruiting trees. Usually forages in the ground, flicking leaf litter and searching through vegetation. Where undisturbed or habituated to people will feed out in the open in a similar fashion to the song thrush in Europe, and it is also reported to crack open snails on an anvil stone like a song thrush. Foraging is crepuscular and fruit, especially that of the nim Azadarichta indica, as well as figs, papaya, berries and seeds, makes up most of the diet supplemented with invertebrates and the occasional small fish.[7]
African Thrush
Breeding is recorded in all months, but breeding activity peaks in the wet season, which is March to September or October in West Africa, April–July in Ethiopia and November to March in the rest of its range. The nest is cup shaped and bulky and is constructed using plant fibres and mud lined with fine grasses, leaves and roots. This nest is placed on a horizontal branch, in a tree fork or among vines, usually at a height lower than 10 m from the ground. It may re-use the abandoned nest of another species. The female is responsible for incubating the normal clutch of 2–3 eggs; both sexes feed the young. It is double brooded.[7]
The currently recognised subspecies and their distributions are:[2][4]
Turdus pelios chiguancoides Seebohm, 1881: Senegal east to northern Ghana.
Turdus pelios saturatus (Cabanis, 1882): west Ghana east to central Cameroon, western Congo and Gabon.
Turdus pelios nigrilorum Reichenow, 1892: Mount Cameroon.
Turdus pelios poensis Alexander, 1903: Bioko (formerly Fernando Póo).
Turdus pelios pelios Bonaparte, 1850: eastern Cameroon east to South Sudan, western Eritrea and western, central and eastern Ethiopia.
Turdus pelios centralis Reichenow, 1905: eastern Congo and southern Central African Republic east to southern Ethiopia, western Kenya and north-western Tanzania.
Turdus pelios bocagei (Cabanis, 1882): western Democratic Republic of Congo and north-western and western Angola.
Turdus pelios graueri Neumann, 1908: eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda and western Tanzania.
Turdus pelios stormsi Hartlaub, 1886: south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, eastern Angola and northern Zambia.
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turdus pelios.
^BirdLife International (2016). "Turdus pelios". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22708702A94172703. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22708702A94172703.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ ab"Turdus pelios Bonaparte 1850". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (https://www.itis.gov). Retrieved 2016-11-08.
^ abcClement, Peter; Hathway, Ren; Byers, Clive; Wiczur, Jan (2000). Thrushes. Christopher Helm. pp. 326–329. ISBN0713639407.
January 01, 1970
african, thrush, west, turdus, pelios, passerine, bird, thrush, family, turdidae, common, well, wooded, areas, over, much, western, part, saharan, africa, once, considered, conspecific, with, olive, thrush, that, species, been, split, further, populations, res. The African thrush or West African thrush Turdus pelios is a passerine bird in the thrush family Turdidae It is common in well wooded areas over much of the western part of sub Saharan Africa it was once considered to be conspecific with the olive thrush but that species has now been split further Populations are resident non migratory African thrush source source Song recorded near Kitale Kenya Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Turdidae Genus Turdus Species T pelios Binomial name Turdus peliosBonaparte 1850 2 Contents 1 Description 1 1 Voice 2 Distribution 3 Habitat 4 Habits 5 Taxonomy 6 ReferencesDescription editThe African Thrush has dark olive grey upperparts The underparts show a whitish evenly brown streaked side throat the breast is greyish brown and the flanks are pale buff orange with this colour not extending on to the lower breast the belly and vent are white It has a yellow orange bill 3 It weighs 46 78 g 1 6 2 8 oz and measures 21 23 cm 8 3 9 1 in in length 4 Voice edit The song of the African thrush is a sustained clear warbling made up of different phrases repeated rather randomly in a sequence Also a high pitched squealing flight call 5 Distribution editThe African thrush is distributed from Senegal and Gambia in the west to South Sudan Ethiopia and Eritrea south to northwestern Zambia and western Angola 6 Habitat editThe African thrush can be found in all sorts of wooded habitats including forest edge riparian woodland scrub cultivation parks and gardens 4 Habits editThe African thrush is normally encountered either singly or in pairs and is shy and retiring preferring to remain in cover but will come out and gather at fruiting trees Usually forages in the ground flicking leaf litter and searching through vegetation Where undisturbed or habituated to people will feed out in the open in a similar fashion to the song thrush in Europe and it is also reported to crack open snails on an anvil stone like a song thrush Foraging is crepuscular and fruit especially that of the nim Azadarichta indica as well as figs papaya berries and seeds makes up most of the diet supplemented with invertebrates and the occasional small fish 7 nbsp African Thrush Breeding is recorded in all months but breeding activity peaks in the wet season which is March to September or October in West Africa April July in Ethiopia and November to March in the rest of its range The nest is cup shaped and bulky and is constructed using plant fibres and mud lined with fine grasses leaves and roots This nest is placed on a horizontal branch in a tree fork or among vines usually at a height lower than 10 m from the ground It may re use the abandoned nest of another species The female is responsible for incubating the normal clutch of 2 3 eggs both sexes feed the young It is double brooded 7 Taxonomy editThe African thrush may be part of a superspecies with the Kurrichane thrush and the bare eyed thrush 4 and some subspecies of African thrush T p poensis T p nigrilorum T p centralis and T p chinguanicoides have been considered subspecies of olive thrush 7 The currently recognised subspecies and their distributions are 2 4 Turdus pelios chiguancoides Seebohm 1881 Senegal east to northern Ghana Turdus pelios saturatus Cabanis 1882 west Ghana east to central Cameroon western Congo and Gabon Turdus pelios nigrilorum Reichenow 1892 Mount Cameroon Turdus pelios poensis Alexander 1903 Bioko formerly Fernando Poo Turdus pelios pelios Bonaparte 1850 eastern Cameroon east to South Sudan western Eritrea and western central and eastern Ethiopia Turdus pelios centralis Reichenow 1905 eastern Congo and southern Central African Republic east to southern Ethiopia western Kenya and north western Tanzania Turdus pelios bocagei Cabanis 1882 western Democratic Republic of Congo and north western and western Angola Turdus pelios graueri Neumann 1908 eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Burundi Rwanda and western Tanzania Turdus pelios stormsi Hartlaub 1886 south eastern Democratic Republic of Congo eastern Angola and northern Zambia References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turdus pelios BirdLife International 2016 Turdus pelios IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22708702A94172703 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22708702A94172703 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 a b Turdus pelios Bonaparte 1850 Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS https www itis gov Retrieved 2016 11 08 The African Thrush Uganda Birding Safari Guide Africa Uganda Business Travel Guide com Retrieved 2016 11 08 a b c d African Thrush Turdus pelios Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive Lynx Edicions Retrieved 2016 11 08 Barlow Clive Wacher Tim Disley Tony 1997 A Field Guide to the Birds of The Gambia and Senegal Pica Press p 297 ISBN 1 873403 32 1 African Thrush Turdus pelios Bonaparte 1850 Avibase Denis Lepage Retrieved 2016 11 08 a b c Clement Peter Hathway Ren Byers Clive Wiczur Jan 2000 Thrushes Christopher Helm pp 326 329 ISBN 0713639407 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title African thrush amp oldid 1191128553, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
