Based on various Eastern Christian traditions, (which Holweck calls "apocryphal")[3] Thaddaeus was a Jew born in Edessa, at the time a Syriac city, (now Şanlıurfa, Turkey). He came to Jerusalem for a festival where he heard the preaching of John the Baptist (St. John the Forerunner). After being baptized in the Jordan River, he remained in Palestine and became a follower of Jesus. He was chosen as one of the seventy disciples sent in pairs to preach in the cities and places.[4]
After Pentecost and the ascension of Jesus, Thaddeus started preaching the gospel in Mesopotamia, Syria and Persia.[4] Thaddaeus ordained priests in Edessa, converted many to Christianity and built up the church there. He also went to Beirut to preach, and many believe that he founded a church there.[5]
The story of how King Abgarus V[10][11][12] and Jesus had corresponded was first recounted in the 4th century by the church historian Eusebius of Caesarea.[13] In the origin of the legend, Eusebius had been shown documents purporting to contain the official correspondence that passed between Abgar and Jesus, and he was well enough convinced by their authenticity to quote them extensively in his Ecclesiastical History. According to Eusebius:
Thomas, one of the twelve apostles, under divine impulse sent Thaddeus, who was also numbered among the seventy disciples of Christ, to Edessa, as a preacher and evangelist of the teaching of Christ. (Historia Ecclesiastica, I, xiii)
The story of the healing and Thaddeus' evangelizing efforts resulted in the growing of Christian communities in southern Armenia, northern Mesopotamia and in Syria east of Antioch. Thaddeus' story is embodied in the Syriac document, Doctrine of Addai,[14] which recounts the role of Addai and makes him one of the 72 Apostles sent out to spread the Christian faith.[15] By the time the legend had returned to Syria, the purported site of the miraculous image, it had been embroidered into a tissue of miraculous happenings.[16]
^ abc"Saint Who? Saints Addai and Mari". Magnificat. 20 (12). Magnificat USA: 76. January 2019.
^Charles George Herbermann, The Catholic Encyclopedia (Universal Knowledge Foundation, 1913), p. 136.
^Holweck, Frederick George. A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints, B. Herder, 1924, p. 15
^ ab"Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy", Orthodox Church in America
^CNA. "St. Jude Thaddeus and St. Simon the Zealot, Apostles". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
^Brown, Leslie W. (1956). The Indian Christians of St Thomas: An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 281.
^Sengstock, Mary C. (1982). Chaldean-Americans: Changing Conceptions of Ethnic Identity. Center for Migration Studies. ISBN9780913256428.
^Herbermann, Charles George (1913). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Press. p. 282.
^Neale, John Mason (2008). A History of the Holy Eastern Church: The Patriarchate of Antioch: The Patriarchate of Antioch. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 38. ISBN978-1-60608-330-7.
^Bowman, Alan; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. Cambridge University Press. ISBN9780521301992.
^Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN9780028659435.
^Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013). The History of the World. Oxford University Press. ISBN9780199936762.
^Walter Bauer, Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, 1934, (in English 1971) (On-line text)
^Robert Eisenman, James the Brother of Jesus : The key to Unlocking the Secrets of Early Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls, 1997 (Viking Penguin). Especially the section "Thaddeus, Judas Thomas and the conversion of the Osrhoeans", pp 189ff.
External linksedit
Catholic Encyclopedia: The Legend of Abgar
Catholic Encyclopedia: The Liturgy of Sts. Addeus and Maris
addai, edessa, addai, redirects, here, other, uses, addai, given, name, addai, surname, addai, redirects, here, diocese, chaldean, catholic, eparchy, addai, toronto, according, eastern, christian, tradition, syriac, ܡܪܝ, ܐܕܝ, addai, aday, sometimes, latinized,. Addai redirects here For other uses see Addai given name and Addai surname Mar Addai redirects here For the diocese see Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Mar Addai of Toronto According to Eastern Christian tradition Addai of Edessa Syriac ܡܪܝ ܐܕܝ Mar Addai or Mor Aday sometimes Latinized Addeus or Thaddeus of Edessa 2 was one of the seventy disciples of Jesus Thaddeus of Edessa Saint Addai ܡܪܝ ܐܕܝIcon of St Thaddeus 10th century Saint Catherine s Monastery Mount Sinai Bornc 1st century ADEdessa Osroene Roman EmpireDiedc 2nd century ADVenerated inChurch of the EastRoman Catholic ChurchEastern Orthodox ChurchOriental Orthodox ChurchChurch of Caucasian AlbaniaFeastAugust 5PatronageAssyrians 1 Contents 1 Life 2 Addai and the healing of King Abgar 3 Various traditions 4 References 5 External linksLife edit nbsp Abgar receiving the Mandylion from Thaddeus encaustic icon Saint Catherine s Monastery Mount Sinai Based on various Eastern Christian traditions which Holweck calls apocryphal 3 Thaddaeus was a Jew born in Edessa at the time a Syriac city now Sanliurfa Turkey He came to Jerusalem for a festival where he heard the preaching of John the Baptist St John the Forerunner After being baptized in the Jordan River he remained in Palestine and became a follower of Jesus He was chosen as one of the seventy disciples sent in pairs to preach in the cities and places 4 After Pentecost and the ascension of Jesus Thaddeus started preaching the gospel in Mesopotamia Syria and Persia 4 Thaddaeus ordained priests in Edessa converted many to Christianity and built up the church there He also went to Beirut to preach and many believe that he founded a church there 5 The Syriac liturgy referred to as the Liturgy of Addai and Mari originated around the year 200 AD and is used by the Assyrian Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church both of which are based in Iraq it is also used by the Eastern Syriac Churches in India which trace their origins to Thomas the Apostle namely the Chaldean Syrian Church 6 and Syro Malabar Catholic Church His feast is celebrated on August 5 in the Christian calendar 1 Addai and the healing of King Abgar editAmong the Eastern Orthodox faithful Saint Addai was a disciple of Christ 7 sent by St Thomas the Apostle to Edessa in order to heal King Abgar V of Osroene who had fallen ill He stayed to evangelize and so converted 8 Abgar or Agbar or in one Latin version Acbar and his people including Saint Aggai and Saint Mari 9 The story of how King Abgarus V 10 11 12 and Jesus had corresponded was first recounted in the 4th century by the church historian Eusebius of Caesarea 13 In the origin of the legend Eusebius had been shown documents purporting to contain the official correspondence that passed between Abgar and Jesus and he was well enough convinced by their authenticity to quote them extensively in his Ecclesiastical History According to Eusebius Thomas one of the twelve apostles under divine impulse sent Thaddeus who was also numbered among the seventy disciples of Christ to Edessa as a preacher and evangelist of the teaching of Christ Historia Ecclesiastica I xiii The story of the healing and Thaddeus evangelizing efforts resulted in the growing of Christian communities in southern Armenia northern Mesopotamia and in Syria east of Antioch Thaddeus story is embodied in the Syriac document Doctrine of Addai 14 which recounts the role of Addai and makes him one of the 72 Apostles sent out to spread the Christian faith 15 By the time the legend had returned to Syria the purported site of the miraculous image it had been embroidered into a tissue of miraculous happenings 16 Various traditions editSt Addai also appears in the First Apocalypse of James and the Second Apocalypse of James 17 In Roman Catholic tradition he and Saint Mari are considered patrons of Persian and Assyrian people 1 References edit a b c Saint Who Saints Addai and Mari Magnificat 20 12 Magnificat USA 76 January 2019 Charles George Herbermann The Catholic Encyclopedia Universal Knowledge Foundation 1913 p 136 Holweck Frederick George A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints B Herder 1924 p 15 a b Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy Orthodox Church in America CNA St Jude Thaddeus and St Simon the Zealot Apostles Catholic News Agency Retrieved 2022 05 29 Brown Leslie W 1956 The Indian Christians of St Thomas An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 281 Sengstock Mary C 1982 Chaldean Americans Changing Conceptions of Ethnic Identity Center for Migration Studies ISBN 9780913256428 Herbermann Charles George 1913 The Catholic Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Press p 282 Neale John Mason 2008 A History of the Holy Eastern Church The Patriarchate of Antioch The Patriarchate of Antioch Wipf and Stock Publishers p 38 ISBN 978 1 60608 330 7 Bowman Alan Garnsey Peter Cameron Averil 2005 The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12 The Crisis of Empire AD 193 337 Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521301992 Skolnik Fred Berenbaum Michael 2007 Encyclopaedia Judaica Macmillan Reference USA ISBN 9780028659435 Roberts John Morris Westad Odd Arne 2013 The History of the World Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199936762 Eusebius Church History 1 13 and 3 1 Noegel Scott B Wheeler Brannon M 2010 04 01 The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism Scarecrow Press p 89 ISBN 9781461718956 Luke 10 1 20 Walter Bauer Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity 1934 in English 1971 On line text Robert Eisenman James the Brother of Jesus The key to Unlocking the Secrets of Early Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls 1997 Viking Penguin Especially the section Thaddeus Judas Thomas and the conversion of the Osrhoeans pp 189ff External links editThomasine Church Patriarchs Saints Index Sts Addai amp Mari Catholic Encyclopedia The Legend of Abgar Catholic Encyclopedia The Liturgy of Sts Addeus and Maris Catholic Encyclopedia Doctrine of St AddaiChurch of the East titlesPreceded byMar Thoma c 34 c 50 Patriarch of the EastBishop of Edessa c 50 c 66 Succeeded byMar Aggai c 66 c 81 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Addai of Edessa amp oldid 1206879448, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
