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Seminal fluid protein

January 01, 1970

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) or accessory gland proteins (Acps) are one of the non-sperm components of semen. In many animals with internal fertilization, males transfer a complex cocktail of proteins in their semen to females during copulation. These seminal fluid proteins often have diverse, potent effects on female post-mating phenotypes.[2] SFPs are produced by the male accessory glands.

Heliconius erato, or the red postman, was among the first species of butterfly to have its seminal fluid proteome studied.[1]

Seminal fluid proteins frequently show evidence of elevated evolutionary rates and are often cited as an example of sexual conflict.[2]

Proteomics edit

SFPs are best studied in mammals and insects,[3] especially in the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Most species produce a wide variety of proteins that are transferred to females. For example, approximately 150 SFPs have been identified in D. melanogaster,[4][5] 46 in the mosquito Anopheles gambae,[6] and around 160 in humans.[7]

Elevated evolution edit

Even between closely related species, the seminal fluid proteome can vary greatly. SFPs show elevated rates of DNA sequence change compared to non-reproductive genes (measured by Ka/Ks ratio) in many orders, including Diptera (flies),[8][9] Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths),[1] Rodentia,[10] and Primates.[11][12][13]

Additionally, SFPs show high rates of gene turnover compared to non-reproductive genes.[9]

Function edit

 
Research on the function of SFPs has been conducted primarily in insect species, especially D. melanogaster.

The function of SFPs is best understood in D. melanogaster. SFPs play a role in male–male sperm competition. One study that manipulated the amount of SFPs male D. melanogaster produced found that when males were in competition, males that produced more SFPs sired a larger proportion of offspring.[14]

In many insect species, significant changes occur in female behavior and physiology following mating; the isolated receipt of SFPs has been shown to be responsible for many of these changes. In D. melanogaster females, over 160 genes show either up or down-regulation following isolated SFP receipt.[15] These transcriptomic changes are not limited to the female's reproductive tract.[16] SFPs lengthen the refractory period (when the female is disinterested in mating) and stimulate ovulation; additionally they can affect processes such as sperm storage, metabolism, and activity levels.[3]

Though SFPs seem to play a role in coordinating male and female reproductive efforts (e.g. in timing of ovulation), SFPs may also be a source of sexual conflict. Studies of D. melanogaster have revealed that females who received SFPs suffered decreased lifespan and fitness.[17] Frequent mating in D. melanogaster is associated with a reduction in female lifespan,[18] and this cost of mating in females has been shown to be primarily mediated by receipt of SFPs.[19]

As SFPs play an important role in reproductive processes in disease-carrying species of mosquito and additionally tend to be highly species-specific, manipulation of SFPs may hold potential for highly targeted control of these mosquito populations.[20]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Walters, J. R.; Harrison, R. G. (2010-04-07). "Combined EST and Proteomic Analysis Identifies Rapidly Evolving Seminal Fluid Proteins in Heliconius Butterflies". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27 (9): 2000–2013. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq092. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 20375075.
  2. ^ a b Sirot, Laura K.; Wong, Alex; Chapman, Tracey; Wolfner, Mariana F. (2014-12-11). "Sexual Conflict and Seminal Fluid Proteins: A Dynamic Landscape of Sexual Interactions". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 7 (2): a017533. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017533. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 4315932. PMID 25502515.
  3. ^ a b Avila, Frank W.; Sirot, Laura K.; LaFlamme, Brooke A.; Rubinstein, C. Dustin; Wolfner, Mariana F. (2011). "Insect Seminal Fluid Proteins: Identification and Function". Annual Review of Entomology. 56: 21–40. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144823. ISSN 0066-4170. PMC 3925971. PMID 20868282.
  4. ^ Findlay, Geoffrey D.; Yi, Xianhua; MacCoss, Michael J.; Swanson, Willie J. (2008-07-29). "Proteomics Reveals Novel Drosophila Seminal Fluid Proteins Transferred at Mating". PLOS Biology. 6 (7): e178. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060178. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 2486302. PMID 18666829.
  5. ^ Findlay, Geoffrey D.; MacCoss, Michael J.; Swanson, Willie J. (2009-05-01). "Proteomic discovery of previously unannotated, rapidly evolving seminal fluid genes in Drosophila". Genome Research. 19 (5): 886–896. doi:10.1101/gr.089391.108. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 2675977. PMID 19411605.
  6. ^ Dottorini, Tania; Nicolaides, Lietta; Ranson, Hilary; Rogers, David W.; Crisanti, Andrea; Catteruccia, Flaminia (2007-10-09). "A genome-wide analysis in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes reveals 46 male accessory gland genes, possible modulators of female behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (41): 16215–16220. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10416215D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703904104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2042187. PMID 17901209.
  7. ^ Schumacher, Julia; Rosenkranz, David; Herlyn, Holger (2014-01-22). "Mating systems and protein–protein interactions determine evolutionary rates of primate sperm proteins". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1775): 20132607. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2607. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3866406. PMID 24307672.
  8. ^ Kelleher, Erin S; Watts, Thomas D; Laflamme, Brooke A; Haynes, Paul A; Markow, Therese A (2009-05-01). "Proteomic analysis of Drosophila mojavensis male accessory glands suggests novel classes of seminal fluid proteins". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (5–6): 366–371. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.03.003. ISSN 0965-1748. PMID 19328853.
  9. ^ a b Mueller, J. L. (2005-06-18). "Cross-Species Comparison of Drosophila Male Accessory Gland Protein Genes". Genetics. 171 (1): 131–143. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.043844. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 1456506. PMID 15944345.
  10. ^ Ramm, S. A.; McDonald, L.; Hurst, J. L.; Beynon, R. J.; Stockley, P. (2008-10-06). "Comparative Proteomics Reveals Evidence for Evolutionary Diversification of Rodent Seminal Fluid and Its Functional Significance in Sperm Competition". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (1): 189–198. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn237. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 18931385.
  11. ^ Clark, Nathaniel L.; Swanson, Willie J. (2005). "Pervasive Adaptive Evolution in Primate Seminal Proteins". PLOS Genetics. 1 (3): e35. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010035. ISSN 1553-7390. PMC 1201370. PMID 16170411.
  12. ^ Good, Jeffrey M.; Wiebe, Victor; Albert, Frank W.; Burbano, Hernán A.; Kircher, Martin; Green, Richard E.; Halbwax, Michel; André, Claudine; Atencia, Rebeca (2013-01-16). "Comparative Population Genomics of the Ejaculate in Humans and the Great Apes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 30 (4): 964–976. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst005. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 23329688.
  13. ^ Meslin, Camille; Laurin, Michel; Callebaut, Isabelle; Druart, Xavier; Monget, Philippe (2015). "Evolution of species-specific major seminal fluid proteins in placental mammals by gene death and positive selection". Contributions to Zoology. 84 (3): 217–235. doi:10.1163/18759866-08403003.
  14. ^ Wigby, Stuart; Sirot, Laura K.; Linklater, Jon R.; Buehner, Norene; Calboli, Federico C.F.; Bretman, Amanda; Wolfner, Mariana F.; Chapman, Tracey (May 2009). "Seminal Fluid Protein Allocation and Male Reproductive Success". Current Biology. 19 (9): 751–757. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.036. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 2737339. PMID 19361995.
  15. ^ McGraw, Lisa A.; Gibson, Greg; Clark, Andrew G.; Wolfner, Mariana F. (August 2004). "Genes Regulated by Mating, Sperm, or Seminal Proteins in Mated Female Drosophila melanogaster". Current Biology. 14 (16): 1509–1514. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.028. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 15324670. S2CID 17056259.
  16. ^ McGraw, L. A.; Clark, A. G.; Wolfner, M. F. (2008-06-18). "Post-mating Gene Expression Profiles of Female Drosophila melanogaster in Response to Time and to Four Male Accessory Gland Proteins". Genetics. 179 (3): 1395–1408. doi:10.1534/genetics.108.086934. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 2475742. PMID 18562649.
  17. ^ Wigby, Stuart; Chapman, Tracey (February 2005). "Sex Peptide Causes Mating Costs in Female Drosophila melanogaster". Current Biology. 15 (4): 316–321. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.051. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 15723791. S2CID 15533396.
  18. ^ Fowler, Kevin; Partridge, Linda (April 1989). "A cost of mating in female fruitflies". Nature. 338 (6218): 760–761. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..760F. doi:10.1038/338760a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4283317.
  19. ^ Chapman, Tracey; Liddle, Lindsay F.; Kalb, John M.; Wolfner, Mariana F.; Partridge, Linda (January 1995). "Cost of mating in Drosophila melanogaster females is mediated by male accessory gland products". Nature. 373 (6511): 241–244. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..241C. doi:10.1038/373241a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 7816137. S2CID 4336339.
  20. ^ "Grant explores using seminal fluid proteins to control mosquitoes | Cornell Chronicle". news.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-14.

January 01, 1970
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Seminal fluid proteins SFPs or accessory gland proteins Acps are one of the non sperm components of semen In many animals with internal fertilization males transfer a complex cocktail of proteins in their semen to females during copulation These seminal fluid proteins often have diverse potent effects on female post mating phenotypes 2 SFPs are produced by the male accessory glands Heliconius erato or the red postman was among the first species of butterfly to have its seminal fluid proteome studied 1 Seminal fluid proteins frequently show evidence of elevated evolutionary rates and are often cited as an example of sexual conflict 2 Contents 1 Proteomics 2 Elevated evolution 3 Function 4 ReferencesProteomics editSFPs are best studied in mammals and insects 3 especially in the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Most species produce a wide variety of proteins that are transferred to females For example approximately 150 SFPs have been identified in D melanogaster 4 5 46 in the mosquito Anopheles gambae 6 and around 160 in humans 7 Elevated evolution editEven between closely related species the seminal fluid proteome can vary greatly SFPs show elevated rates of DNA sequence change compared to non reproductive genes measured by Ka Ks ratio in many orders including Diptera flies 8 9 Lepidoptera butterflies and moths 1 Rodentia 10 and Primates 11 12 13 Additionally SFPs show high rates of gene turnover compared to non reproductive genes 9 Function edit nbsp Research on the function of SFPs has been conducted primarily in insect species especially D melanogaster The function of SFPs is best understood in D melanogaster SFPs play a role in male male sperm competition One study that manipulated the amount of SFPs male D melanogaster produced found that when males were in competition males that produced more SFPs sired a larger proportion of offspring 14 In many insect species significant changes occur in female behavior and physiology following mating the isolated receipt of SFPs has been shown to be responsible for many of these changes In D melanogaster females over 160 genes show either up or down regulation following isolated SFP receipt 15 These transcriptomic changes are not limited to the female s reproductive tract 16 SFPs lengthen the refractory period when the female is disinterested in mating and stimulate ovulation additionally they can affect processes such as sperm storage metabolism and activity levels 3 Though SFPs seem to play a role in coordinating male and female reproductive efforts e g in timing of ovulation SFPs may also be a source of sexual conflict Studies of D melanogaster have revealed that females who received SFPs suffered decreased lifespan and fitness 17 Frequent mating in D melanogaster is associated with a reduction in female lifespan 18 and this cost of mating in females has been shown to be primarily mediated by receipt of SFPs 19 As SFPs play an important role in reproductive processes in disease carrying species of mosquito and additionally tend to be highly species specific manipulation of SFPs may hold potential for highly targeted control of these mosquito populations 20 References edit a b Walters J R Harrison R G 2010 04 07 Combined EST and Proteomic Analysis Identifies Rapidly Evolving Seminal Fluid Proteins in Heliconius Butterflies Molecular Biology and Evolution 27 9 2000 2013 doi 10 1093 molbev msq092 ISSN 0737 4038 PMID 20375075 a b Sirot Laura K Wong Alex Chapman Tracey Wolfner Mariana F 2014 12 11 Sexual Conflict and Seminal Fluid Proteins A Dynamic Landscape of Sexual Interactions Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 7 2 a017533 doi 10 1101 cshperspect a017533 ISSN 1943 0264 PMC 4315932 PMID 25502515 a b Avila Frank W Sirot Laura K LaFlamme Brooke A Rubinstein C Dustin Wolfner Mariana F 2011 Insect Seminal Fluid Proteins Identification and Function Annual Review of Entomology 56 21 40 doi 10 1146 annurev ento 120709 144823 ISSN 0066 4170 PMC 3925971 PMID 20868282 Findlay Geoffrey D Yi Xianhua MacCoss Michael J Swanson Willie J 2008 07 29 Proteomics Reveals Novel Drosophila Seminal Fluid Proteins Transferred at Mating PLOS Biology 6 7 e178 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 0060178 ISSN 1545 7885 PMC 2486302 PMID 18666829 Findlay Geoffrey D MacCoss Michael J Swanson Willie J 2009 05 01 Proteomic discovery of previously unannotated rapidly evolving seminal fluid genes in Drosophila Genome Research 19 5 886 896 doi 10 1101 gr 089391 108 ISSN 1088 9051 PMC 2675977 PMID 19411605 Dottorini Tania Nicolaides Lietta Ranson Hilary Rogers David W Crisanti Andrea Catteruccia Flaminia 2007 10 09 A genome wide analysis in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes reveals 46 male accessory gland genes possible modulators of female behavior Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 41 16215 16220 Bibcode 2007PNAS 10416215D doi 10 1073 pnas 0703904104 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 2042187 PMID 17901209 Schumacher Julia Rosenkranz David Herlyn Holger 2014 01 22 Mating systems and protein protein interactions determine evolutionary rates of primate sperm proteins Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 281 1775 20132607 doi 10 1098 rspb 2013 2607 ISSN 0962 8452 PMC 3866406 PMID 24307672 Kelleher Erin S Watts Thomas D Laflamme Brooke A Haynes Paul A Markow Therese A 2009 05 01 Proteomic analysis of Drosophila mojavensis male accessory glands suggests novel classes of seminal fluid proteins Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 39 5 6 366 371 doi 10 1016 j ibmb 2009 03 003 ISSN 0965 1748 PMID 19328853 a b Mueller J L 2005 06 18 Cross Species Comparison of Drosophila Male Accessory Gland Protein Genes Genetics 171 1 131 143 doi 10 1534 genetics 105 043844 ISSN 0016 6731 PMC 1456506 PMID 15944345 Ramm S A McDonald L Hurst J L Beynon R J Stockley P 2008 10 06 Comparative Proteomics Reveals Evidence for Evolutionary Diversification of Rodent Seminal Fluid and Its Functional Significance in Sperm Competition Molecular Biology and Evolution 26 1 189 198 doi 10 1093 molbev msn237 ISSN 0737 4038 PMID 18931385 Clark Nathaniel L Swanson Willie J 2005 Pervasive Adaptive Evolution in Primate Seminal Proteins PLOS Genetics 1 3 e35 doi 10 1371 journal pgen 0010035 ISSN 1553 7390 PMC 1201370 PMID 16170411 Good Jeffrey M Wiebe Victor Albert Frank W Burbano Hernan A Kircher Martin Green Richard E Halbwax Michel Andre Claudine Atencia Rebeca 2013 01 16 Comparative Population Genomics of the Ejaculate in Humans and the Great Apes Molecular Biology and Evolution 30 4 964 976 doi 10 1093 molbev mst005 ISSN 1537 1719 PMID 23329688 Meslin Camille Laurin Michel Callebaut Isabelle Druart Xavier Monget Philippe 2015 Evolution of species specific major seminal fluid proteins in placental mammals by gene death and positive selection Contributions to Zoology 84 3 217 235 doi 10 1163 18759866 08403003 Wigby Stuart Sirot Laura K Linklater Jon R Buehner Norene Calboli Federico C F Bretman Amanda Wolfner Mariana F Chapman Tracey May 2009 Seminal Fluid Protein Allocation and Male Reproductive Success Current Biology 19 9 751 757 doi 10 1016 j cub 2009 03 036 ISSN 0960 9822 PMC 2737339 PMID 19361995 McGraw Lisa A Gibson Greg Clark Andrew G Wolfner Mariana F August 2004 Genes Regulated by Mating Sperm or Seminal Proteins in Mated Female Drosophila melanogaster Current Biology 14 16 1509 1514 doi 10 1016 j cub 2004 08 028 ISSN 0960 9822 PMID 15324670 S2CID 17056259 McGraw L A Clark A G Wolfner M F 2008 06 18 Post mating Gene Expression Profiles of Female Drosophila melanogaster in Response to Time and to Four Male Accessory Gland Proteins Genetics 179 3 1395 1408 doi 10 1534 genetics 108 086934 ISSN 0016 6731 PMC 2475742 PMID 18562649 Wigby Stuart Chapman Tracey February 2005 Sex Peptide Causes Mating Costs in Female Drosophila melanogaster Current Biology 15 4 316 321 doi 10 1016 j cub 2005 01 051 ISSN 0960 9822 PMID 15723791 S2CID 15533396 Fowler Kevin Partridge Linda April 1989 A cost of mating in female fruitflies Nature 338 6218 760 761 Bibcode 1989Natur 338 760F doi 10 1038 338760a0 ISSN 0028 0836 S2CID 4283317 Chapman Tracey Liddle Lindsay F Kalb John M Wolfner Mariana F Partridge Linda January 1995 Cost of mating in Drosophila melanogaster females is mediated by male accessory gland products Nature 373 6511 241 244 Bibcode 1995Natur 373 241C doi 10 1038 373241a0 ISSN 0028 0836 PMID 7816137 S2CID 4336339 Grant explores using seminal fluid proteins to control mosquitoes Cornell Chronicle news cornell edu Retrieved 2018 08 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Seminal fluid protein amp oldid 1188087441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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