Acanthomorpha (meaning "thorn-shaped") is an extraordinarily diverse taxon of teleost fishes with spiny fin rays. The clade contains about one-third of the world's modern species of vertebrates: over 14,000 species.[3]
A key anatomical innovation in acanthomorphs is hollow and unsegmented spines at the anterior edge of the dorsal and anal fins.[4] A fish can extend these sharp bony spines to protect itself from predators, but can also retract them to decrease drag when swimming.[5] Another shared feature is a particular rostral cartilage, associated with ligaments attached to the rostrum and premaxilla, that enables the fish to protrude its jaws considerably to catch food.[6]
Rosen coined the name in 1973 to describe a clade comprising Acanthopterygii, Paracanthopterygii, and also ctenothrissiform fossils from the Cretaceous period, such as Aulolepis and Ctenothrissa. Those fossils share several details of the skeleton, and especially of the skull, with modern acanthomorphs.[2] Originally based on anatomy, Acanthomorpha has been borne out by more recent molecular analyses.[7]
The oldest acanthomorphs were initially reported by Louis Agassiz from the CenomanianSannine Formation of Lebanon, and were considered as such for over a century until slightly older remains were identified from the end-Albian of Mexico. Early acanthomorph fossils are diverse and well-preserved in formations from the early part of the Late Cretaceous from the Cenomanian to the Campanian, but become exceedingly rare throughout the Maastrichtian and the Paleocene (spanning the likely origins of a number of modern taxa) before a second explosion in fossil abundance and diversity in the Eocene. This mysterious gap is known as "Patterson's Gap" after paleontologist Colin Patterson, who first identified it in 1993.[1]
Some otoliths, calcium carbonate structures that form the ears of fishes, have been found from the Jurassic Period that may belong to acanthomorphs, but the oldest body fossils from this taxon are only known from the middle of the Cretaceous Period, about 100 million years ago. Acanthomorphs from the early Late Cretaceous were small, typically about 4 centimeters long, and fairly rare.[12] Toward the beginning of the Cenozoic era, they exploded in an adaptive radiation, so by the time their fossils begin appear more frequently in Eocene-aged strata, they had reached their modern diversity of 300 families.[5]
Recently discovered fish scales from Poland suggest that the oldest acanthomorphs occurred in the Late Triassic.[13]
Referencesedit
Notes
^ abFriedman, Matt; Andrews, James V.; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2023.002. ISSN 1374-8505.
^ ab Rosen, Donn Eric (1973), "Interrelationships of higher euteleostean fishes", in Greenwood, P.H.; Miles, R.S.; Patterson, Colin (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes, Academic Press, pp. 397–513, ISBN0-12-300850-6
^ Chen, Wei-Jen; Bonillo, Céline; Lecointre, Guillaume (2003). "Repeatability of clades as a criterion of reliability: a case study for molecular phylogeny of Acanthomorpha (Teleostei) with larger number of taxa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 26 (2): 262–288. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00371-8. PMID 12565036.
^ acanthomorphs group, of the phylogeny team, "What are the acanthomorphs?", AcanthoWeb, UPMC, Paris – UMR 7138, Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution, retrieved October 24, 2012
^ ab Maisey, John G. (1996), Discovering fossil fishes, Henry Holt & Company
^ Johnson, G. David; Wiley, E.O. (2007), "Acanthomorpha", Tree of Life Web Project, retrieved October 24, 2012
^ Near, Thomas J.; Eytan, Ron I.; Dornburg, Alex; Kuhn, Kristen L.; Moore, Jon A.; Davis, Matthew P.; Wainwright, Peter C.; Friedman, Matt; Smith, W. Leo (2012). "Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification". PNAS. 109 (34): 13698–13703. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913698N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206625109. PMC3427055. PMID 22869754.
^Betancur-R; et al. (2013). "The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes". PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 5 (Edition 1). doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288. hdl:2027.42/150563. PMC3644299. PMID 23653398.
^Betancur-R; et al. (2013). (PDF). PLOS Currents Tree of Life (Edition 1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-21.
^Betancur-R; et al. (2013). "Appendix 2 – Revised Classification for Bony Fishes" (PDF). PLOS Currents Tree of Life (Edition 1).
^Betancur-Rodriguez; et al. (2016). . Deepfin. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^ Stewart, J.D. (1996), "Cretaceous acanthomorphs of North America", in Arratia, Gloria; Viohl, Günter (eds.), Mesozoic Fishes – Systematics and Paleoecology, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, pp. 383–394, ISBN3-923871-90-2
^Antczak, Mateusz; Bodzioch, Adam (January 2018). "Diversity of Fish Scales in Late Triassic Deposits of Krasiejów (SW Poland)". Paleontological Research. 22 (1): 91–100. doi:10.2517/2017pr012. ISSN 1342-8144. S2CID 133634757.
Sources
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). . Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
TJ Near; A Dornburg; RI Eytan; et al. (2013). "Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (31): 12738–12743. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11012738N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1304661110. PMC3732986. PMID 23858462.
May 10, 2024
acanthomorpha, this, article, about, group, finned, fish, acanthomorph, also, descriptive, name, subgroup, microscopic, fossils, called, acritarchs, been, suggested, that, portions, phylogenetic, classification, bony, fishes, split, from, merged, into, this, a. This article is about a group of ray finned fish Acanthomorph is also a descriptive name for a subgroup of the microscopic fossils called acritarchs It has been suggested that portions of Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes be split from it and merged into this article Discuss January 2020 Acanthomorpha meaning thorn shaped is an extraordinarily diverse taxon of teleost fishes with spiny fin rays The clade contains about one third of the world s modern species of vertebrates over 14 000 species 3 AcanthomorphaTemporal range Albian present 1 PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Trout perch P omiscomaycus Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Clade Ctenosquamata unranked AcanthomorphaRosen 1973 2 Subdivisions Family Asineopidae Order Ctenothrissiformes Superorder Lamprimorpha Superorder Paracanthopterygii Superorder Polymixiipterygii Superorder Acanthopterygii A key anatomical innovation in acanthomorphs is hollow and unsegmented spines at the anterior edge of the dorsal and anal fins 4 A fish can extend these sharp bony spines to protect itself from predators but can also retract them to decrease drag when swimming 5 Another shared feature is a particular rostral cartilage associated with ligaments attached to the rostrum and premaxilla that enables the fish to protrude its jaws considerably to catch food 6 Rosen coined the name in 1973 to describe a clade comprising Acanthopterygii Paracanthopterygii and also ctenothrissiform fossils from the Cretaceous period such as Aulolepis and Ctenothrissa Those fossils share several details of the skeleton and especially of the skull with modern acanthomorphs 2 Originally based on anatomy Acanthomorpha has been borne out by more recent molecular analyses 7 The oldest acanthomorphs were initially reported by Louis Agassiz from the Cenomanian Sannine Formation of Lebanon and were considered as such for over a century until slightly older remains were identified from the end Albian of Mexico Early acanthomorph fossils are diverse and well preserved in formations from the early part of the Late Cretaceous from the Cenomanian to the Campanian but become exceedingly rare throughout the Maastrichtian and the Paleocene spanning the likely origins of a number of modern taxa before a second explosion in fossil abundance and diversity in the Eocene This mysterious gap is known as Patterson s Gap after paleontologist Colin Patterson who first identified it in 1993 1 Phylogeny editThe phylogeny of living bony fishes 8 9 10 11 Acanthomorpha Lampripterygii Lampridiformes oarfish opah ribbonfish nbsp Paracanthopterygii Percopsaria Percopsiformes troutperches nbsp Zeiogadaria Zeiariae Zeiformes dories nbsp Gadariae Stylephoriformes tube eyes thread fins Gadiformes cods nbsp Polymixiipterygii Polymixiiformes beardfish nbsp Acanthopterygii Berycimorphaceae Beryciformes alfonsinos whalefishes nbsp Trachichthyiformes pinecone fishes slimeheads nbsp Holocentrimorphaceae Holocentriformes squirrelfish soldier fishes nbsp Percomorpha nbsp Fossil record and evolutionary history editSome otoliths calcium carbonate structures that form the ears of fishes have been found from the Jurassic Period that may belong to acanthomorphs but the oldest body fossils from this taxon are only known from the middle of the Cretaceous Period about 100 million years ago Acanthomorphs from the early Late Cretaceous were small typically about 4 centimeters long and fairly rare 12 Toward the beginning of the Cenozoic era they exploded in an adaptive radiation so by the time their fossils begin appear more frequently in Eocene aged strata they had reached their modern diversity of 300 families 5 Recently discovered fish scales from Poland suggest that the oldest acanthomorphs occurred in the Late Triassic 13 References editNotes a b Friedman Matt Andrews James V Saad Hadeel El Sayed Sanaa 2023 06 16 The Cretaceous Paleogene transition in spiny rayed fishes surveying Patterson s Gap in the acanthomorph skeletal record Andre Dumont medalist lecture 2018 Geologica Belgica doi 10 20341 gb 2023 002 ISSN 1374 8505 a b Rosen Donn Eric 1973 Interrelationships of higher euteleostean fishes in Greenwood P H Miles R S Patterson Colin eds Interrelationships of Fishes Academic Press pp 397 513 ISBN 0 12 300850 6 Chen Wei Jen Bonillo Celine Lecointre Guillaume 2003 Repeatability of clades as a criterion of reliability a case study for molecular phylogeny of Acanthomorpha Teleostei with larger number of taxa Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26 2 262 288 doi 10 1016 s1055 7903 02 00371 8 PMID 12565036 acanthomorphs group of the phylogeny team What are the acanthomorphs AcanthoWeb UPMC Paris UMR 7138 Systematique Adaptation Evolution retrieved October 24 2012 a b Maisey John G 1996 Discovering fossil fishes Henry Holt amp Company Johnson G David Wiley E O 2007 Acanthomorpha Tree of Life Web Project retrieved October 24 2012 Near Thomas J Eytan Ron I Dornburg Alex Kuhn Kristen L Moore Jon A Davis Matthew P Wainwright Peter C Friedman Matt Smith W Leo 2012 Resolution of ray finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification PNAS 109 34 13698 13703 Bibcode 2012PNAS 10913698N doi 10 1073 pnas 1206625109 PMC 3427055 PMID 22869754 Betancur R et al 2013 The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes PLOS Currents Tree of Life 5 Edition 1 doi 10 1371 currents tol 53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 hdl 2027 42 150563 PMC 3644299 PMID 23653398 Betancur R et al 2013 Complete tree classification supplemental figure PDF PLOS Currents Tree of Life Edition 1 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 10 21 Betancur R et al 2013 Appendix 2 Revised Classification for Bony Fishes PDF PLOS Currents Tree of Life Edition 1 Betancur Rodriguez et al 2016 Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4 Deepfin Archived from the original on 11 July 2017 Retrieved 30 December 2016 Stewart J D 1996 Cretaceous acanthomorphs of North America in Arratia Gloria Viohl Gunter eds Mesozoic Fishes Systematics and Paleoecology Verlag Dr Friedrich Pfeil pp 383 394 ISBN 3 923871 90 2 Antczak Mateusz Bodzioch Adam January 2018 Diversity of Fish Scales in Late Triassic Deposits of Krasiejow SW Poland Paleontological Research 22 1 91 100 doi 10 2517 2017pr012 ISSN 1342 8144 S2CID 133634757 Sources Sepkoski Jack 2002 A compendium of fossil marine animal genera Bulletins of American Paleontology 364 560 Archived from the original on 2011 07 23 Retrieved 2011 05 17 TJ Near A Dornburg RI Eytan et al 2013 Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny rayed fishes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 31 12738 12743 Bibcode 2013PNAS 11012738N doi 10 1073 pnas 1304661110 PMC 3732986 PMID 23858462 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Acanthomorpha amp oldid 1217425541, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
