A. K. Antony
Arackaparambil Kurien Antony (born 28 December 1940) is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the Minister of Defence of India from 2006 to 2014. He previously served as the 6th Chief Minister of Kerala from 1977 to 1978, 1995 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2004.[1] He currently serves as the Chairman of the Disciplinary Action Committee of the All India Congress Committee,[2][3] Congress Working Committee,[4] and member of the Congress Core Group and Central Election Committee.
Antony served as Defence Minister for almost 8 years,[5] making him the longest serving Defence Minister in India.[a][6] He has thrice been the 8th Chief Minister of Kerala and Leader of Opposition once in Kerala Legislative Assembly. He has also served as Treasurer of All India Congress Committee from 1994-1995.
Early life and education
A. K. Antony was born to a Suriyani Nasrani family[7] at Cherthala, near Alleppey in Travancore[8] as the son of Arackaparambil Kurien Pillai and Aleykutty Kurian.[9] His father died in 1959 and Antony self-financed part of his education through odd jobs.[10]
Antony completed his primary education at Holy Family Boys High school (Lower primary) and Government Boys High school (Upper primary), Cherthala[b] and completed his Bachelor of Arts from Maharaja's College, Ernakulam and Bachelor of Law from Government Law College, Ernakulam.[11]
Political career
Antony entered politics as a student leader in Cherthala Taluk (Alleppey District) as an activist of the Kerala Students Union under the guidance of M. A. John.[12] He has been an active leader of many strikes like Oru Ana Samaram (Single Penny Strike). He became the youngest president[13] of Kerala Students Union in 1966[13] and also served in the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC) before becoming an All India Congress Committee (AICC) General Secretary in 1984. When he became KPCC president in 1972, he was the youngest person to hold that post. He was elected again as KPCC president in 1987, and was defeated by Vayalar Ravi in the KPCC presidential elections in 1991.[citation needed]
| Election | Constituency | Result | Majority |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Cherthala | Won | 360 |
| 1977 | Kazhakootam | Won | 8669 |
| 1995 | Tirurangadi | Won | 22269 |
| 1996 | Cherthala | Won | 8385 |
| 2001 | Cherthala | Won | 6860 |
Congress politics and party faction
Antony founded the Congress (A) political party when he split from the Indian National Congress (Urs), a splinter group of the Indian National Congress The party was primarily active in Kerala and joined the LDF ministry headed by E. K. Nayanar during 1980–1982. After the fall of the Nayanar ministry, the party merged with the Congress in 1982,[14] but Antony was not given any office until the death of Indira Gandhi. The members of the party have continued as a faction in the local congress afterwards.[15]
Chief Minister of Kerala
On accusations in the Rajan case, K. Karunakaran resigned and Antony was made the 8th Chief Minister of Kerala,[16] becoming the youngest Chief Minister of the state[13][17] at the age of 36 serving from years 27 April 1977 to 27 October 1978.
Again, when Karunakaran resigned in connection with the ISRO case Antony was made the 16th Chief Minister of Kerala, serving from 22 March 1995 to 9 May 1996. He was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly between 1996 and 2001. Antony was elected and served a third term from 17 May 2001 to 29 August 2004. He failed to retain power on the first two occasions as Chief minister. In 2004, immediately after the Congress in Kerala suffered a total rout in the Lok Sabha elections amid factional politics and in-fighting within the Congress Party, Antony resigned as Chief Minister.[13][17] He was succeeded by Oommen Chandy.
It was at Antony's behest that the decision to construct the new Legislature Complex was taken in 1977. During his tenure, he introduced the Unemployment Allowance, Festival Allowance for the State Employees, Prohibition of Arrack and the steps initiated to revive the economy of Kerala.[18] Several initiatives were taken in the fields of Higher education, science & technology, Biotechnology (including the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology at Thiruvananthapuram), and Information technology, under his ministries.[19]
It was also under his rule that the Kannur University was inaugurated by bifurcating the University of Calicut. The University of Sanskrit was founded in 1994.[20] The Indian Institute of Management and the National Institute of Technology at Kozhikode were established in the years 1996 and 2002 respectively.[21] The Akshaya project was implemented in 2002 by providing E-literacy to the people those who haven't it and opening Akshaya centres in the remote rural areas of the state, thus ensuring Internet availability all over the state, aiming to make Kerala the first complete E-literate state of India.[22] Several initiatives were taken in the fields of Higher education, science & technology, Biotechnology, and Information technology, under his ministries.[19] The Infopark at Kochi was established in the year 2004.[23] The IT@school project and introduction of Information Technology in school level were initiated in 2001 by Third Antony ministry, making Kerala the first Indian state to do so.[24]
Antony carried out Asian Development Bank aided "Modernisation of Government Plan". He also liberalised education by allowing several private engineering and medical colleges to open in Kerala and championed the state as an investment destination.[citation needed] He also ordered the closure of the Kerala Coca-Cola plant in 2004 citing drought and the non-availability of drinking water.[25]
Government offices
- PM reshuffles Cabinet, Pranab Mukherjee is new Indian Foreign minister
Union Minister for Civil Supplies
Antony was a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between 1993 and 1995 and was the Minister for Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution for a year in 1994 during the tenure of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao. He resigned on moral grounds as food minister in 1994 when his ministry was involved in a sugar import scandal, despite there being no allegations against him.[13][26]
Union Minister for Defence
In 2005, Antony entered the Rajya Sabha and was inducted into the Union Council of Ministers as Defence Minister following Natwar Singh's expulsion from the Congress and Pranab Mukherjee's transfer to the Ministry of External Affairs. After the Congress again won the elections in 2009 and formed the government once again under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Antony retained the portfolio of Defence for the second term becoming the longest-serving Defence Minister of India in a continuous stint for 8 years.[27][6] His "Buy and Make Indian" campaign saw the cancellation of billion of dollars in purchases of foreign arms, while at the same time stunting domestic production by restricting investments.[28]
Other positions
He held the post of Chairman of the Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata (2012 to 2014), President of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses and Chancellor of Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (2006 to 2014).[citation needed]
Political party role
In the Manmohan Singh Cabinet, Antony was the senior member of the Cabinet Committees on Accommodation, Economic Affairs, Parliamentary Affairs, Political Affairs, and Security.[29]
He is considered as political guru of Rahul Gandhi.[30]
Antony's political skills and long experience in government have also led him to heading a large number of committees of Ministers in the government, a device that has been employed to obtain consensus within the members of the governing coalition on contentious issues.[31][32]
| GoM | EGoM |
|---|---|
| Location of National War Memorial | Spectrum Allocation |
| Reports of Administrative Reforms Commission | Gas Pricing and Commercial Utilisation |
| Corruption | Ultra Mega Power Projects |
| Recommendations with regard to Commonwealth Games | Mass Rapid Transit System |
Issues
Civil Services reform
In order to professionalise the Civil Services, Antony led the decision on creation of a Central Civil Services Authority (CCSA) to oversee the higher bureaucracy.[33][34]
Impeachment of Chief Justice of India
In 2018, Antony is one of the signatories[35][36] to impeachment notice against Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra.
Public image
Antony is known for his incorruptible record and simple personal life[37][38] and his intolerance towards corruption in public life.[13][17][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] He was ranked among top 10 Most Powerful Indians for the year 2012 by the Indian Express.[46]
10th Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee admired Antony[47] for his simplicity, gentleness and his zeal for reforms and change as a way to ensure acceleration of Kerala's all-round development.[47]
After Pranab Mukherjee was nominated for the 2012 President of India election, Antony was placed as the second-in-command after Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in the Cabinet of India.[5][48]
Wikileaks
WikiLeaks cables claimed that Antony was the one of the only two leaders, the other being PR Dasmunsi, who criticised Sanjay Gandhi during the 1976 AICC session in Guwahati during Emergency when the latter's political standing was on the rise, asking "what sacrifices he has made for the party or the country".[49]
Personal life
Antony is a self-proclaimed atheist[50] and is married to Elizabeth who is a Kerala High Court lawyer[51] and is the founder of the Navoothan Charitable Foundation.[52] They have two sons.[53][54] In April 2023, his son Anil Antony joined Bharatiya Janata Party.[55]
Honours, awards and international recognition
See also
References
- World's defense chiefs meet in Singapore
- ^ "Indian National Congress nominates AK Antony for Rajya Sabha election from Kerala". Indian Express Limited. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- ^ "Congress asks members to not make comments inconsistent with party stand". Indian Express Limited. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ "Antony to head Cong's Disciplinary Action Committee". Zee News. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ . 13 May 2017. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ a b . Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ^ a b "AK Antony becomes the longest continuously serving Defence Minister". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- ^ "Know your ministers: A.K. Antony".
- ^ "AK Antony". www.mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ . The Hindu. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ^ . The Times of India. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ . Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
- ^ , The Hindu, 23 February 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f "Antony: Mr Clean of Indian politics sworn in as Cabinet Minister". Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ "Congress(I) leader Karunakaran sworn in as Kerala CM". India Today. 9 October 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ "Cong factions deny seeking Antony's removal". The Times of India. 12 December 2003. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ "A Hamlet For Delhi: Antony". Outlook. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
- ^ a b c . CNN-IBN. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ "Chief Ministers, Ministers and Leaders of Opposition in Kerala: Biographical Sketches and other data" (PDF). Niyamasabha. 26 February 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ a b Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature. 2018. p. 24.
- ^ Madampat, Shajahan (11 April 2019). "The importance of IUML". The Indian Express. from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ "IIMK - Growth History". iimk.ac.in.
- ^ "The first E-literate district of India". The Times of India. 18 August 2004. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- ^ "Kochi to turn into a job park". The New Indian Express. 19 January 2017.
- ^ "Kerala's 'IT@school' project now a government company 'KITE', CM Vijayan launches logo". The Indian Express. 7 August 2017.
- ^ Konikkara, Aathira. "Nearly 15 years after Coca Cola plant shut down, Plachimada's fight for Rs 216 crore in compensation continues". The Caravan. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ No allegations against AK Antony in Sugar import scandal: Possible successors to Manmohan Singh CNBC - 27 May 2009
- ^ "AK Antony becomes the longest serving Defence Minister of India at a stretch". The Pioneer. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- ^ Joshi, Manoj (14 May 2013). "India's defence needs FDI". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ "Composition and Functions of the Federal Cabinet Committees (as on August 8, 2012)" (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat. 8 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
- ^ "I consider AK Antony as my guru, says Rahul Gandhi". India Today. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ "Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India". Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ "P Chidambaram, A K Antony & Sharad Pawar get wider EGoM roles after Pranab Mukherjee's exit". The Economic Times. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ "Antony's CCSA plan rattles babus". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ "St. Antony's glasnost move spooks babudom". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ "Impeachment: The Pawar Factor". Rediffmail. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Manmohan, Chidambaram not among signatories to impeachment notice against CJI". Business Standard. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "'Mr Clean', Antony Has Been the Trouble Shooter". Outlook. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ . CNN-IBN. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ . Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ "A.K. Antony, Congress". Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ "All is not well at South Block, still". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
- ^ "For the larger good, let bad blood spill". The Pioneer. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ Paul, Cithara (26 May 2013). "Come 2014, Antony may pip Manmohan in PM race". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- ^ "Top 10: The most powerful Indians in 2012". The Indian Express. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ a b "Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee's Inaugural Speech at the Global Investor Meet". Prime Minister of India, Archived Division. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
- ^ "It's official, Antony is No. 2 in UPA-II". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
- ^ "A K Antony refused to support Sanjay Gandhi: WikiLeaks". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ Balslev, Anindita N. (2013). On India: Self-image and Counter-image. SAGE Publications India, 2013. ISBN 9788132116592.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ "Navoothan Charitable Foundation". Retrieved 22 March 2017.
- ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ^ "Ajith Paul Antony, younger son to debut in films". Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ^ "Anil Antony, Congress Veteran AK Antony's Son, Joins BJP". NDTV.com. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ . The Hindu. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Notes
Books featuring AK Antony and further reading
- Swarup, Harihar (2010). Power Profiles. Har Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124115251.
- Bohlken, Anjali Thomas (2016). Democratization from Above: The Logic of Local Democracy in the Developing World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107128873.
- Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF), Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature, 2018.
External links
- AK Antony Official bio-data at india.gov.in
- Cabinet of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Prime Ministers Office, Archived
- Kerala Chronicles: When Gandhi-loyalist AK Antony turned into an implacable Indira foe in the 1970s The News Minute
- Biography: AK Antony Official biography at niyamasabha.org