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American-British-Dutch-Australian Command

February 10, 2024

"ABDA" redirects here. For other uses, see Abda (disambiguation).

The American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) Command, or ABDACOM, was the short-lived supreme command for all Allied forces in South East Asia in early 1942, during the Pacific War in World War II. The command consisted of the forces of Australia, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and the United States. The main objective of the command, led by General Sir Archibald Wavell,[1] was to maintain control of the "Malay Barrier" (or "East Indies Barrier"), a notional line running down the Malay Peninsula, through Singapore and the southernmost islands of the Dutch East Indies. ABDACOM was also known in British military circles as the "South West Pacific Command", although it should not be confused with the later South West Pacific Area command (see below).

The first ABDACOM conference. Seated around the table, from left: Admirals Layton, Helfrich, and Hart, General ter Poorten, Colonel Kengen (at head of table), and Generals Wavell, Brett, and Brereton
ABDACOM Area

Although ABDACOM existed only for a few weeks and presided over one defeat after another, it provided some useful lessons for combined Allied commands later in the war.

Formation edit

Efforts to organise the ABDA Command began soon after war between the Allies and Japan commenced, on 7 December 1941. Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall and Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson were anxious to establish unity of command over the Allied forces in all theatres after observing Allied defeats in the Battle of France, the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre, and the attack on Pearl Harbor.[2]

Despite objections from the British military establishment, the scheme was finalized at the Arcadia Conference in Washington. On December 27 Marshall and Admiral Ernest King proposed an ABDA Command led by Archibald Wavell to Charles Portal, Dudley Pound, and John Dill. The British were skeptical and believed the Pacific theatre was too geographically large to be controlled by a single commander. Winston Churchill warned Marshall about the difficulties faced by Ferdinand Foch as Supreme Allied Commander while simply trying to coordinate operations across the Western Front of World War I. Marshall rebuffed this and other historical analogies from Churchill, telling him that he "was not interested in Drake and Frobisher, but I was interested in having a united front against Japan." Churchill reluctantly telephoned his War Cabinet in London advising them to accept the arrangement despite their concerns.[3] On December 29, Winston Churchill said that it had been agreed Wavell would be supreme commander in order to assuage British concerns.[4] Wavell then held the position of British Commander-in-Chief, India. Churchill added:

It is intended that General Wavell should have a staff in the south Pacific accessible as Foch's High Control Staff was to the Great Staffs of the British and French armies in France [during World War I]. He would receive his orders from an appropriate joint body who will be responsible to me as the Minister of Defence and to the President of the United States who is also Commander-in-Chief of all United States forces.

Following the declaration by the four nations on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments formally appointed Wavell. The formation of ABDACOM meant that Wavell had control of a huge, but thinly spread force, covering an area from Burma in the west, to Dutch New Guinea and the Commonwealth of the Philippines in the east. Other areas, including the British Raj and the Territory of Hawaii, remained officially under separate commands, and in practice General Douglas MacArthur was in complete control of Allied forces in the Philippines. At Wavell's insistence, North West Australia (see map) was added to the ABDA area. The rest of Australia was under Australian control, as were its territories of Papua and New Guinea.

ABDA was charged with holding the Malay Barrier for as long as possible in order to retain Allied control of the Indian Ocean and the western sea approaches to Australia. This was a nearly hopeless task, given the Japanese supremacy in naval forces in the western Pacific. The task was further complicated by the addition of Burma to the command; the difficulties of coordinating action between forces of four nationalities that used different equipment and had not trained together; and the different priorities of the national governments. British leaders were primarily interested in retaining control of Singapore; the military capacity of the Dutch East Indies had suffered as a result of the defeat of the Netherlands by Nazi Germany in 1940, and the Dutch administration was focused on defending the island of Java; the Australian government was heavily committed to the war in North Africa and Europe, and had few readily accessible military resources; and the United States was preoccupied with the Philippines, which at the time was a U.S. Commonwealth territory.

Wavell arrived in Singapore, where the British Far East Command was based, on 7 January 1942. ABDACOM absorbed this British command in its entirety. On 18 January, Wavell moved his headquarters to Lembang near Bandoeng on Java. On 1 February the air force portion of ABDA moved its headquarters from Lembang to Bandoeng when it became clear that the former place lacked sufficient accommodation. This made cooperation between air and naval forces difficult.[5]

The first notable success for forces under ABDACOM was the U.S. Navy's attack at Balikpapan, Borneo on January 24, which cost the Japanese six transport ships, but had little effect on them capturing the prized oil wells of Borneo.[6]

The governments of Australia, the Netherlands and New Zealand lobbied Winston Churchill for an Allied inter-governmental war council, with overall responsibility for the Allied war effort in Asia and the Pacific, based in Washington, D.C. A Far Eastern Council (later known as the Pacific War Council) was established in London on February 9, with a corresponding staff council in Washington. However, the smaller powers continued to push for a body based in the United States.

Collapse and dissolution edit

In the meantime, the rapid collapse of Allied resistance to Japanese attacks in Malaya, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines and other countries had soon overwhelmed the Malay Barrier.[7] The fall of Singapore on 15 February dislocated the ABDA command, which was dissolved a week later.[8]

 
Japanese attacks along the Malay Barrier December 23, 1941 – February 21, 1942.

Wavell resigned as supreme commander on 25 February 1942, handing control of the ABDA Area to local commanders. He also recommended the establishment of two Allied commands to replace ABDACOM: a south west Pacific command, and one based in India. In anticipation of this, Wavell had handed control of Burma to the British Indian Army and reassumed his previous position, as Commander-in-Chief India.

Following the destruction of the ABDA strike force under Rear-Admiral Karel Doorman,[9] at the Battle of the Java Sea,[10] in February–March 1942, ABDA effectively ceased to exist.

As the Imperial Japanese Army closed in on the remaining Allied forces in the Philippines, MacArthur was ordered to relocate to Australia. On 17 March, the U.S. government appointed him as Supreme Allied Commander South West Pacific Area, a command which included Australia and New Guinea in addition to Japanese-held areas. The rest of the geographic area of the Pacific Theater of Operations remained under the Pacific Ocean Areas command, led by Commander-in-Chief Admiral Chester Nimitz of the U.S. Navy.

The inter-governmental Pacific War Council was established in Washington on 1 April, but remained largely ineffectual due to the overwhelming predominance of U.S. forces in the Pacific theater throughout the war.

Perhaps the most notable success for ABDA forces was the guerilla campaign in Timor, waged by Australian and Dutch infantry for almost 12 months after Japanese landings there on February 19.[11]

Official command structure edit

 
General Sir Archibald Wavell.

General Sir Archibald Wavell, British Army (BA) – Supreme Commander

Land forces (ABDARM)

(MacArthur was technically subordinate to Wavell, but in reality, many of the chains of command shown here operated independently of ABDACOM and/or existed only on paper.)

 
Air Marshal Sir Richard Peirse.

Air forces (ABDAIR)

 
Admiral Thomas C. Hart.

Naval forces (ABDAFLOAT)

Allied ships that served under the command edit

American edit

British edit

Dutch edit

Australian edit

See also edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Klemen, L (1999–2000). "General Sir Archibald Percival Wavell". Dutch East Indies Campaign website.
  2. ^ Roberts, Andrew (2009). Masters and Commanders: The Military Geniuses Who Led the West to Victory in World War II (1Β ed.). London: Penguin Books. pp.Β 66–68. ISBNΒ 978-0-141-02926-9 – via Archive Foundation.
  3. ^ Roberts 2009, p.Β 79-82.
  4. ^ 240 Mr Winston Churchill, U.K. Prime Minister (in the United States), to Mr John Curtin, Australian Prime Minister
  5. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The conquest of Java Island, March 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2011-07-26.
  6. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "'The Night Hawks of Balikpapan' The Balikpapan Raid, January 1942". Dutch East Indies Campaign website.
  7. ^ Klemen, L (1999–2000). "The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942. from the original on 2019-04-10. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  8. ^ Leasor, James (1968). Singapore: The Battle that Changed the World. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p.Β 273.
  9. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Karel W.F.M. Doorman". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
  10. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Java Sea Battle". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2011-07-26.
  11. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The fighting on Portuguese East Timor, 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
  12. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Air Force Lieutenant-General George H. Brett". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  13. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Royds Pownall". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  14. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Lieutenant-General Hein Ter Poorten". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  15. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Major-General Ian Stanley Ord Playfair". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  16. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Lieutenant-General Arthur Ernest Percival". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2011-09-24.
  17. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Edmund Charles Peirse". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
  18. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Air Force Major-General Lewis Hyde Brereton". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  19. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Air Vice-Marshal Sir Paul (Copeland) Maltby". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  20. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Japanese Invasion of Sumatra Island". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-12-03. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  21. ^ Klemen, L (1999–2000). "Air Force Lieutenant-General Ludolph H. van Oyen". Dutch East Indies Campaign website.
  22. ^ "Nederlandse opper- en hoofdofficieren van het Koninklijke Nederlandsch-Indische Leger (KNIL) 1940–1945". unithistories.com. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  23. ^ Cdr. L. B. Dorny, USN (ret.) Bosscher, Koninklike Marine; War Diary, Commander Aircraft Asiatic Fleet/Patrol Wing Ten.
  24. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Admiral Thomas Charles Hart". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-12-04. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  25. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Vice-Admiral Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2011-07-26.
  26. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Sir Arthur Francis Eric Palliser". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
  27. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral William A. Glassford, Jr". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942. from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
  28. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Johan Jasper Abraham van Staveren". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
  29. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Commodore John Augustine Collins". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.

General references edit

  • Morison, S. E. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Volume III: The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Little, Brown, and Company, 1948.
  • Willmot, H. P. Empires in the Balance: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies to April 1942. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1982.

External links edit

  • Boundaries of ABDA Area
  • Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons Official Report, Jan. 27, 1942. on the Far Eastern theatre and A.B.D.A
  • February 15 1942: The fall of Singapore Capitulation telegram from ABDACOM to Prime Minister of Australia
  • account of the ABDA campaign
  • Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies

February 10, 2024
american, british, dutch, australian, command, abda, redirects, here, other, uses, abda, disambiguation, american, british, dutch, australian, abda, command, abdacom, short, lived, supreme, command, allied, forces, south, east, asia, early, 1942, during, pacif. ABDA redirects here For other uses see Abda disambiguation The American British Dutch Australian ABDA Command or ABDACOM was the short lived supreme command for all Allied forces in South East Asia in early 1942 during the Pacific War in World War II The command consisted of the forces of Australia the Netherlands United Kingdom and the United States The main objective of the command led by General Sir Archibald Wavell 1 was to maintain control of the Malay Barrier or East Indies Barrier a notional line running down the Malay Peninsula through Singapore and the southernmost islands of the Dutch East Indies ABDACOM was also known in British military circles as the South West Pacific Command although it should not be confused with the later South West Pacific Area command see below The first ABDACOM conference Seated around the table from left Admirals Layton Helfrich and Hart General ter Poorten Colonel Kengen at head of table and Generals Wavell Brett and BreretonABDACOM AreaAlthough ABDACOM existed only for a few weeks and presided over one defeat after another it provided some useful lessons for combined Allied commands later in the war Contents 1 Formation 2 Collapse and dissolution 3 Official command structure 4 Allied ships that served under the command 4 1 American 4 2 British 4 3 Dutch 4 4 Australian 5 See also 6 Citations 7 General references 8 External linksFormation editEfforts to organise the ABDA Command began soon after war between the Allies and Japan commenced on 7 December 1941 Army Chief of Staff George C Marshall and Secretary of War Henry L Stimson were anxious to establish unity of command over the Allied forces in all theatres after observing Allied defeats in the Battle of France the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre and the attack on Pearl Harbor 2 Despite objections from the British military establishment the scheme was finalized at the Arcadia Conference in Washington On December 27 Marshall and Admiral Ernest King proposed an ABDA Command led by Archibald Wavell to Charles Portal Dudley Pound and John Dill The British were skeptical and believed the Pacific theatre was too geographically large to be controlled by a single commander Winston Churchill warned Marshall about the difficulties faced by Ferdinand Foch as Supreme Allied Commander while simply trying to coordinate operations across the Western Front of World War I Marshall rebuffed this and other historical analogies from Churchill telling him that he was not interested in Drake and Frobisher but I was interested in having a united front against Japan Churchill reluctantly telephoned his War Cabinet in London advising them to accept the arrangement despite their concerns 3 On December 29 Winston Churchill said that it had been agreed Wavell would be supreme commander in order to assuage British concerns 4 Wavell then held the position of British Commander in Chief India Churchill added It is intended that General Wavell should have a staff in the south Pacific accessible as Foch s High Control Staff was to the Great Staffs of the British and French armies in France during World War I He would receive his orders from an appropriate joint body who will be responsible to me as the Minister of Defence and to the President of the United States who is also Commander in Chief of all United States forces Following the declaration by the four nations on 1 January 1942 the Allied governments formally appointed Wavell The formation of ABDACOM meant that Wavell had control of a huge but thinly spread force covering an area from Burma in the west to Dutch New Guinea and the Commonwealth of the Philippines in the east Other areas including the British Raj and the Territory of Hawaii remained officially under separate commands and in practice General Douglas MacArthur was in complete control of Allied forces in the Philippines At Wavell s insistence North West Australia see map was added to the ABDA area The rest of Australia was under Australian control as were its territories of Papua and New Guinea ABDA was charged with holding the Malay Barrier for as long as possible in order to retain Allied control of the Indian Ocean and the western sea approaches to Australia This was a nearly hopeless task given the Japanese supremacy in naval forces in the western Pacific The task was further complicated by the addition of Burma to the command the difficulties of coordinating action between forces of four nationalities that used different equipment and had not trained together and the different priorities of the national governments British leaders were primarily interested in retaining control of Singapore the military capacity of the Dutch East Indies had suffered as a result of the defeat of the Netherlands by Nazi Germany in 1940 and the Dutch administration was focused on defending the island of Java the Australian government was heavily committed to the war in North Africa and Europe and had few readily accessible military resources and the United States was preoccupied with the Philippines which at the time was a U S Commonwealth territory Wavell arrived in Singapore where the British Far East Command was based on 7 January 1942 ABDACOM absorbed this British command in its entirety On 18 January Wavell moved his headquarters to Lembang near Bandoeng on Java On 1 February the air force portion of ABDA moved its headquarters from Lembang to Bandoeng when it became clear that the former place lacked sufficient accommodation This made cooperation between air and naval forces difficult 5 The first notable success for forces under ABDACOM was the U S Navy s attack at Balikpapan Borneo on January 24 which cost the Japanese six transport ships but had little effect on them capturing the prized oil wells of Borneo 6 The governments of Australia the Netherlands and New Zealand lobbied Winston Churchill for an Allied inter governmental war council with overall responsibility for the Allied war effort in Asia and the Pacific based in Washington D C A Far Eastern Council later known as the Pacific War Council was established in London on February 9 with a corresponding staff council in Washington However the smaller powers continued to push for a body based in the United States Collapse and dissolution editIn the meantime the rapid collapse of Allied resistance to Japanese attacks in Malaya Singapore the Dutch East Indies the Philippines and other countries had soon overwhelmed the Malay Barrier 7 The fall of Singapore on 15 February dislocated the ABDA command which was dissolved a week later 8 nbsp Japanese attacks along the Malay Barrier December 23 1941 February 21 1942 Wavell resigned as supreme commander on 25 February 1942 handing control of the ABDA Area to local commanders He also recommended the establishment of two Allied commands to replace ABDACOM a south west Pacific command and one based in India In anticipation of this Wavell had handed control of Burma to the British Indian Army and reassumed his previous position as Commander in Chief India Following the destruction of the ABDA strike force under Rear Admiral Karel Doorman 9 at the Battle of the Java Sea 10 in February March 1942 ABDA effectively ceased to exist As the Imperial Japanese Army closed in on the remaining Allied forces in the Philippines MacArthur was ordered to relocate to Australia On 17 March the U S government appointed him as Supreme Allied Commander South West Pacific Area a command which included Australia and New Guinea in addition to Japanese held areas The rest of the geographic area of the Pacific Theater of Operations remained under the Pacific Ocean Areas command led by Commander in Chief Admiral Chester Nimitz of the U S Navy The inter governmental Pacific War Council was established in Washington on 1 April but remained largely ineffectual due to the overwhelming predominance of U S forces in the Pacific theater throughout the war Perhaps the most notable success for ABDA forces was the guerilla campaign in Timor waged by Australian and Dutch infantry for almost 12 months after Japanese landings there on February 19 11 Official command structure edit nbsp General Sir Archibald Wavell General Sir Archibald Wavell British Army BA Supreme Commander Lieutenant General George H Brett U S Army Air Forces USAAF Deputy Commander 12 Lt Gen Henry Pownall BA Chief of Staff 13 Land forces ABDARM Lt Gen Hein ter Poorten Royal Netherlands East Indies Army KNIL commander of land forces ABDA Land also in direct command of Dutch East Indies land forces 14 Major General Ian Playfair BA deputy land commander in chief of staff land forces 15 Maj Gen T J Hutton BA British forces in Burma Maj Gen David Blake Australian Army Australian 7th Military District Northern Australia Lt Gen Arthur Percival BA Malaya Command 16 Gen Douglas MacArthur United States Army Allied forces in the Philippines MacArthur was technically subordinate to Wavell but in reality many of the chains of command shown here operated independently of ABDACOM and or existed only on paper nbsp Air Marshal Sir Richard Peirse Air forces ABDAIR Air Marshal Sir Richard Peirse Royal Air Force RAF commander of air forces ABDA Air 17 Maj Gen Lewis H Brereton USAAF deputy commander air forces 18 Air Vice Marshal Sir Paul Copeland Maltby RAF Air Officer Commanding RAF in Java 19 Air Vice Marshal D F Stevenson RAF NORGROUP RAF Burma Air V Marshal C W Pulford RAF WESGROUP RAF Malaya and North Sumatra 20 CENGROUP KNIL South Sumatra and West Java merged with EASGROUP on 22 February 1942 EASGROUP USAAF East Java merged with CENGROUP on 22 February 1942 Maj Gen Ludolph van Oyen 21 sometimes van Oijen Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force KNIL Allied Air Forces Java after February 22 22 RECGROUP air reconnaissance group Kapitein ter Zee G G Bozuwa Royal Netherlands Navy deputy Captain Frank D Wagner USN flying boat reconnaissance units Marineluchtvaartdienst MLD Patrol Wing 10 US Navy No 205 Squadron RAF 23 Air Commodore D E L Wilson Royal Australian Air Force AUSGROUP RAAF North Western Australia Molucca Sea amp Dutch New Guinea nbsp Admiral Thomas C Hart Naval forces ABDAFLOAT Admiral Thomas C Hart U S Navy USN commander of naval forces ABDA Sea Until 12 February 1942 24 Adm Conrad Helfrich Royal Netherlands Navy RNN After 12 February 1942 25 Rear Admiral Arthur Palliser British Royal Navy deputy commander naval forces 26 R Adm William A Glassford Jr USN commander U S naval forces 27 R Adm Johan van Staveren RNN commander Dutch naval forces 28 Commodore John Collins Royal Australian Navy commander British Australian naval forces 29 Allied ships that served under the command editAmerican edit USS Houston CA 30 lost USS Marblehead CL 12 heavily damaged USS Boise CL 47 USS Alden DD 211 USS Barker DD 213 USS John D Edwards DD 216 USS Whipple DD 217 USS Parrott DD 218 USS Edsall DD 219 lost USS Bulmer DD 222 USS Stewart DD 224 lost USS Pope DD 225 lost USS Peary DD 226 lost USS Pillsbury DD 227 lost USS John D Ford DD 228 USS Paul Jones DD 230 USS Asheville PG 21 lost USS Tulsa PG 22 USS Holland AS 3 USS Canopus AS 9 lost USS Otus AS 20 USS Langley CV 1 lost USS Childs AVD 1 USS Heron AVP 2 Lanikai converted yacht USS Pecos AO 6 lostBritish edit HMS Prince of Wales lost HMS Repulse lost HMS Exeter lost HMS Dragon HMS Danae HMS Durban HMS Emerald HMS Electra lost HMS Encounter lost HMS Express HMS Isis HMS Jupiter lost HMS Scout 1918 HMS Stronghold lost HMS Tenedos lost HMS Thanet lostDutch edit HNLMS De Ruyter 1935 lost HNLMS Tromp 1937 HNLMS Java 1921 lost HNLMS De Zeven Provincien 1909 lost HNLMS Evertsen 1926 lost HNLMS Kortenaer 1927 lost HNLMS Piet Hein 1927 lost HNLMS Van Ghent 1926 lost HNLMS Banckert 1929 HNLMS Van Nes 1930 lost HNLMS Witte de With 1928 lostAustralian edit HMAS Perth D29 lost HMAS Hobart D63 HMAS Adelaide 1918 HMAS Vampire D68 ex HMS Vampire lost HMAS Vendetta D69 See also editSouth East Asia Command South East Asian TheatreCitations edit Klemen L 1999 2000 General Sir Archibald Percival Wavell Dutch East Indies Campaign website Roberts Andrew 2009 Masters and Commanders The Military Geniuses Who Led the West to Victory in World War II 1 ed London Penguin Books pp 66 68 ISBN 978 0 141 02926 9 via Archive Foundation Roberts 2009 p 79 82 240 Mr Winston Churchill U K Prime Minister in the United States to Mr John Curtin Australian Prime Minister L Klemen 1999 2000 The conquest of Java Island March 1942 Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2011 07 26 L Klemen 1999 2000 The Night Hawks of Balikpapan The Balikpapan Raid January 1942 Dutch East Indies Campaign website Klemen L 1999 2000 The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2019 04 10 Retrieved 2019 04 20 Leasor James 1968 Singapore The Battle that Changed the World London Hodder and Stoughton p 273 L Klemen 1999 2000 Rear Admiral Karel W F M Doorman Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 L Klemen 1999 2000 The Java Sea Battle Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2011 07 26 L Klemen 1999 2000 The fighting on Portuguese East Timor 1942 Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 L Klemen 1999 2000 Air Force Lieutenant General George H Brett Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 05 22 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 Lieutenant General Sir Henry Royds Pownall Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 03 25 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 Lieutenant General Hein Ter Poorten Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 07 17 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 Major General Ian Stanley Ord Playfair Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 03 10 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 Lieutenant General Arthur Ernest Percival Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2011 09 24 L Klemen 1999 2000 Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Edmund Charles Peirse Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 L Klemen 1999 2000 Air Force Major General Lewis Hyde Brereton Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 05 22 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 Air Vice Marshal Sir Paul Copeland Maltby Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 03 25 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 The Japanese Invasion of Sumatra Island Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 12 03 Retrieved 2011 06 17 Klemen L 1999 2000 Air Force Lieutenant General Ludolph H van Oyen Dutch East Indies Campaign website Nederlandse opper en hoofdofficieren van het Koninklijke Nederlandsch Indische Leger KNIL 1940 1945 unithistories com Retrieved 26 July 2016 Cdr L B Dorny USN ret Bosscher Koninklike Marine War Diary Commander Aircraft Asiatic Fleet Patrol Wing Ten L Klemen 1999 2000 Admiral Thomas Charles Hart Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 12 04 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 Vice Admiral Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2011 07 26 L Klemen 1999 2000 Rear Admiral Sir Arthur Francis Eric Palliser Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 L Klemen 1999 2000 Rear Admiral William A Glassford Jr Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2012 05 22 Retrieved 2011 06 17 L Klemen 1999 2000 Rear Admiral Johan Jasper Abraham van Staveren Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 L Klemen 1999 2000 Commodore John Augustine Collins Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 General references editMorison S E History of United States Naval Operations in World War II Volume III The Rising Sun in the Pacific Little Brown and Company 1948 Willmot H P Empires in the Balance Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies to April 1942 Annapolis Naval Institute Press 1982 External links editBoundaries of ABDA Area British War office report on OPERATIONS IN BURMA FROM 15th DECEMBER 1941 to 20th MAY 1942 Parliamentary Debates House of Commons Official Report Jan 27 1942 on the Far Eastern theatre and A B D A February 15 1942 The fall of Singapore Capitulation telegram from ABDACOM to Prime Minister of Australia account of the ABDA campaign Chapter 10 Loss of the Netherlands East Indies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title American British Dutch Australian Command amp oldid 1175541950, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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