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2 Samuel 17

March 03, 2023

2 Samuel 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.[1] According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,[2] but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.[3][4] This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Jerusalem.[5][6] This is within a section comprising 2 Samuel 9–20 and continued to 1 Kings 1–2 which deal with the power struggles among David's sons to succeed David's throne until 'the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon' (1 Kings 2:46).[5]

2 Samuel 17
The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) Leningrad Codex (1008 CE).
BookFirst book of Samuel
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part3
CategoryFormer Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part10

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 29 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[7] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 2–3, 23–25, 29.[8][9][10][11]

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B;  B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A;  A; 5th century).[12][a]

Old Testament references

  • 2 Samuel 17:15–29: Psalm 55:1–23[14]

Analysis

The story of Absalom's rebellion can be observed as five consecutive episodes:[15]

A. David's flight from Jerusalem (15:13–16:14)
B. The victorious Absalom and his counselors (16:15–17:14)
C. David reaches Mahanaim (17:15–29)
B'. The rebellion is crushed and Absalom is executed (18:1–19:8abc)
A'. David's reentry into Jerusalem (19:8d–20:3)[15]

God's role seems to be understated in the whole events, but is disclosed by a seemingly insignificant detail: 'the crossing of the Jordan river'.[15] The Hebrew root word' 'br, "to cross" (in various nominal and verbal forms) is used more than 30 times in these chapters (compared to 20 times in the rest of 2 Samuel) to report David's flight from Jerusalem, his crossing of the Jordan river, and his reentry into Jerusalem.[15] In 2 Samuel 17:16, stating that David should cross the Jordan (17:16), the verb 'br is even reinforced by a 'Hebrew infinitive absolute' to mark this critical moment: "king David is about to cross out of the land of Israel."[15] David's future was in doubt until it was stated that God had rendered foolish Ahithophel's good counsel to Absalom (2 Samuel 17:14), thus granting David's prayer (15:31), and saving David from Absalom's further actions.[15] Once Absalom was defeated, David's crossing back over the Jordan echoes the Israelites' first crossing over the Jordan under Joshua's leadership (Joshua 1–4):[15]

  1. Both David and Joshua crossed the Jordan and came to Gilgal (Joshua 4:19; 2 Samuel 19:40).
  2. Both were assisted by women who hid the good spies to save the mission: Rahab in Joshua 2:1–21 and the woman of Bahurim in 2 Samuel 17:20.
  3. Both episodes include the Ark of the Covenant, although David prevented the ark from crossing out of the land of Israel (15:25; referring to areas west of Jordan river).[15]

Here God's role is not as explicit as during Joshua's crossing, but the signs are clear that God was with David, just as with Joshua.[15]

Hushai countered Ahitophel's advice (17:1–14)

The previous section (2 Samuel 16:15–23) and this passage, comprising 2 Samuel 17:1–14, about Absalom ans his two advisors (Ahitophel and Hushai) together have the following structure:[16]

A Absalom and Hushai (16:15–19)
B. Absalom and Ahitophel: first counsel (16:20–22)
An interruption regarding Ahitophel (16:23)
B'. Absalom and Ahitophel: second counsel (17:1–4)
A'. Absalom and Hushai (17:5–14a)
Another interruption regarding Ahitophel (17:14b)

This section records the contest between Hushai and Ahitophel to provide acceptable advice for Absalom, which was pivotal in the story of Absalom's rebellion.[17]

This was prepared by the task given by David to Hushai, that Hushai was to 'defeat... the counsel of Ahithophel' (15:34) and the conversations involving Hushai and the two priests, Zadok and Abiathar (15:24–29, 32–37), in contrast to the respectful introductions to Ahitophel and his counsel (15:12; 16:20–23).[17]

Ahithophel advised Absalom to take action against David quickly: a sudden night attack on David's weary companions, with swift action and minimal loss of life to kill David alone and return all other fugitives to Jerusalem, as 'a young wife returns to her husband after a brief quarrel' (reading verse 30 in the Septuagint, rather than the Masoretic Text).[17] For an unspecified reason Absalom wished to consult Hushai, who then made full use of his persuasive powers in colorful words (verses 8–13) to counter Ahitophel's advice and buy time for David to regroup, using 3 arguments:[17]

  1. by reminding Absalom of David's military prowess and David's brave experienced soldiers that would made a night attack against them futile.
  2. by suggesting that Absalom muster 'all Israel... from Dan to Beersheba' to battle, a grandeur illusion of a pan-Israelite army supporting Absalom which would totally annihilate the enemy.
  3. by suggestion that Absalom himself go to battle in person (instead of sending out Ahitophel with an army), directly appealing to Absalom's vanity.

Hushai's eloquent reasoning managed to impress Absalom and his advisers more than Ahitophel's counsel, which is emphasized in verse 14 to be YHWH's will as the decisive factor.[17]

Hushai's warning saved David (17:15–29)

 
Jonathan and Ahimaaz hide from Absalom by Johann Christoph Weigel, 1695. This woodcut depicts an event recorded in 2 Samuel 17:17-21.

Hushai left Absalom's council right after giving his counsel before Absalom announced the final decision. He quickly sent a message to David to cross the Jordan immediately (verse 16) avoiding the possibility of a sudden attack as recommended by Ahithophel. Despite being spotted by Absalom's servants, the messengers, involving the sons of Abiathar (Jonathan) and Zadok (Ahimaaz) with the help of a girl informant, successfully transmitted the message to David who then safely crossed the Jordan River with his followers.[17]

Three pieces of supplemental information are included in verses 23–29:.[17]

  1. The spurned Ahithophel committed suicide (verse 23), likely because of wounded pride, although it could also be of the fear of David's revenge.
  2. The position as the head of the Israelite army was removed from Joab and given to Amasa, Joab's cousin through their mothers.
  3. David received three powerful supports in Transjordan as he arrived in Mahanaim:
(1) Shobi son of Nahash, the Ammonite,
(2) Machir of the house of Saul, who had previously taken care of Mephibosheth, and
(3) Barzillai from Gilead (cf. 2 Samuel 19:31–39).[17]
These people faithfully provide for David in his current condition.[17]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The whole book of 2 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[13]

References

  1. ^ Halley 1965, p. 184.
  2. ^ Hirsch, Emil G. "SAMUEL, BOOKS OF". www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
  3. ^ Knight 1995, p. 62.
  4. ^ Jones 2007, p. 197.
  5. ^ a b Jones 2007, p. 220.
  6. ^ Coogan 2007, p. 459 Hebrew Bible.
  7. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  8. ^ Ulrich 2010, pp. 312–314.
  9. ^ Dead sea scrolls - 2 Samuel
  10. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 35.
  11. ^ 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  12. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  13. ^   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Codex Sinaiticus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  14. ^ 2 Samuel 17, Berean Study Bible
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Morrison 2013, p. 203.
  16. ^ Morrison 2013, p. 223.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jones 2007, p. 225.

Sources

Commentaries on Samuel

  • Auld, Graeme (2003). "1 & 2 Samuel". In James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson (ed.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
  • Bergen, David T. (1996). 1, 2 Samuel. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401073.
  • Chapman, Stephen B. (2016). 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1467445160.
  • Collins, John J. (2014). "Chapter 14: 1 Samuel 12 – 2 Samuel 25". Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press. pp. 277–296. ISBN 978-1451469233.
  • Evans, Paul (2018). Longman, Tremper (ed.). 1-2 Samuel. The Story of God Bible Commentary. Zondervan Academic. ISBN 978-0310490944.
  • Gordon, Robert (1986). I & II Samuel, A Commentary. Paternoster Press. ISBN 9780310230229.
  • Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm (1964). I & II Samuel, A Commentary (trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0664223182.
  • Morrison, Craig E. (2013). Berit Olam: 2 Samuel. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0814682913.
  • Steinmann, Andrew (2017). 2 Samuel. Concordia commentary: a theological exposition of sacred scripture. Concordia Publishing House. ISBN 9780758650061.

General

  • Breytenbach, Andries (2000). "Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative?". In Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy (ed.). Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets. Brill. ISBN 9789004118713.
  • Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195288810.
  • Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
  • Halley, Henry H. (1965). Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary (24th (revised) ed.). Zondervan Publishing House. ISBN 0-310-25720-4.
  • Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300188271.
  • Jones, Gwilym H. (2007). "12. 1 and 2 Samuel". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 196–232. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  • Klein, R.W. (2003). "Samuel, books of". In Bromiley, Geoffrey W (ed.). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837844.
  • Knight, Douglas A (1995). "Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists". In James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards (ed.). Old Testament Interpretation. T&T Clark. ISBN 9780567292896.
  • McKane, William (1993). "Samuel, Book of". In Metzger, Bruce M; Coogan, Michael D (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. pp. 409–413. ISBN 978-0195046458.
  • Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

  • Jewish translations:
    • Samuel II - II Samuel - Chapter 17 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
  • Christian translations:
    • Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
    • 2 Samuel chapter 17 Bible Gateway

March 03, 2023
samuel, seventeenth, chapter, second, book, samuel, testament, christian, bible, second, part, books, samuel, hebrew, bible, according, jewish, tradition, book, attributed, prophet, samuel, with, additions, prophets, nathan, modern, scholars, view, composition. 2 Samuel 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible 1 According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan 2 but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c 630 540 BCE 3 4 This chapter contains the account of David s reign in Jerusalem 5 6 This is within a section comprising 2 Samuel 9 20 and continued to 1 Kings 1 2 which deal with the power struggles among David s sons to succeed David s throne until the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon 1 Kings 2 46 5 2 Samuel 17 chapter 16chapter 18 The pages containing the Books of Samuel 1 amp 2 Samuel Leningrad Codex 1008 CE BookFirst book of SamuelHebrew Bible partNevi imOrder in the Hebrew part3CategoryFormer ProphetsChristian Bible partOld TestamentOrder in the Christian part10 Contents 1 Text 1 1 Textual witnesses 1 2 Old Testament references 2 Analysis 3 Hushai countered Ahitophel s advice 17 1 14 4 Hushai s warning saved David 17 15 29 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Sources 8 1 Commentaries on Samuel 8 2 General 9 External linksText EditThis chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language It is divided into 29 verses Textual witnesses Edit Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition which includes the Codex Cairensis 895 Aleppo Codex 10th century and Codex Leningradensis 1008 7 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 4QSama 100 50 BCE with extant verses 2 3 23 25 29 8 9 10 11 Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint originally was made in the last few centuries BCE include Codex Vaticanus B G displaystyle mathfrak G B 4th century and Codex Alexandrinus A G displaystyle mathfrak G A 5th century 12 a Old Testament references Edit 2 Samuel 17 15 29 Psalm 55 1 23 14 Analysis EditThe story of Absalom s rebellion can be observed as five consecutive episodes 15 A David s flight from Jerusalem 15 13 16 14 B The victorious Absalom and his counselors 16 15 17 14 C David reaches Mahanaim 17 15 29 dd B The rebellion is crushed and Absalom is executed 18 1 19 8abc dd A David s reentry into Jerusalem 19 8d 20 3 15 God s role seems to be understated in the whole events but is disclosed by a seemingly insignificant detail the crossing of the Jordan river 15 The Hebrew root word br to cross in various nominal and verbal forms is used more than 30 times in these chapters compared to 20 times in the rest of 2 Samuel to report David s flight from Jerusalem his crossing of the Jordan river and his reentry into Jerusalem 15 In 2 Samuel 17 16 stating that David should cross the Jordan 17 16 the verb br is even reinforced by a Hebrew infinitive absolute to mark this critical moment king David is about to cross out of the land of Israel 15 David s future was in doubt until it was stated that God had rendered foolish Ahithophel s good counsel to Absalom 2 Samuel 17 14 thus granting David s prayer 15 31 and saving David from Absalom s further actions 15 Once Absalom was defeated David s crossing back over the Jordan echoes the Israelites first crossing over the Jordan under Joshua s leadership Joshua 1 4 15 Both David and Joshua crossed the Jordan and came to Gilgal Joshua 4 19 2 Samuel 19 40 Both were assisted by women who hid the good spies to save the mission Rahab in Joshua 2 1 21 and the woman of Bahurim in 2 Samuel 17 20 Both episodes include the Ark of the Covenant although David prevented the ark from crossing out of the land of Israel 15 25 referring to areas west of Jordan river 15 Here God s role is not as explicit as during Joshua s crossing but the signs are clear that God was with David just as with Joshua 15 Hushai countered Ahitophel s advice 17 1 14 EditThe previous section 2 Samuel 16 15 23 and this passage comprising 2 Samuel 17 1 14 about Absalom ans his two advisors Ahitophel and Hushai together have the following structure 16 A Absalom and Hushai 16 15 19 B Absalom and Ahitophel first counsel 16 20 22 An interruption regarding Ahitophel 16 23 dd B Absalom and Ahitophel second counsel 17 1 4 dd A Absalom and Hushai 17 5 14a Another interruption regarding Ahitophel 17 14b dd dd This section records the contest between Hushai and Ahitophel to provide acceptable advice for Absalom which was pivotal in the story of Absalom s rebellion 17 This was prepared by the task given by David to Hushai that Hushai was to defeat the counsel of Ahithophel 15 34 and the conversations involving Hushai and the two priests Zadok and Abiathar 15 24 29 32 37 in contrast to the respectful introductions to Ahitophel and his counsel 15 12 16 20 23 17 Ahithophel advised Absalom to take action against David quickly a sudden night attack on David s weary companions with swift action and minimal loss of life to kill David alone and return all other fugitives to Jerusalem as a young wife returns to her husband after a brief quarrel reading verse 30 in the Septuagint rather than the Masoretic Text 17 For an unspecified reason Absalom wished to consult Hushai who then made full use of his persuasive powers in colorful words verses 8 13 to counter Ahitophel s advice and buy time for David to regroup using 3 arguments 17 by reminding Absalom of David s military prowess and David s brave experienced soldiers that would made a night attack against them futile by suggesting that Absalom muster all Israel from Dan to Beersheba to battle a grandeur illusion of a pan Israelite army supporting Absalom which would totally annihilate the enemy by suggestion that Absalom himself go to battle in person instead of sending out Ahitophel with an army directly appealing to Absalom s vanity Hushai s eloquent reasoning managed to impress Absalom and his advisers more than Ahitophel s counsel which is emphasized in verse 14 to be YHWH s will as the decisive factor 17 Hushai s warning saved David 17 15 29 Edit Jonathan and Ahimaaz hide from Absalom by Johann Christoph Weigel 1695 This woodcut depicts an event recorded in 2 Samuel 17 17 21 Hushai left Absalom s council right after giving his counsel before Absalom announced the final decision He quickly sent a message to David to cross the Jordan immediately verse 16 avoiding the possibility of a sudden attack as recommended by Ahithophel Despite being spotted by Absalom s servants the messengers involving the sons of Abiathar Jonathan and Zadok Ahimaaz with the help of a girl informant successfully transmitted the message to David who then safely crossed the Jordan River with his followers 17 Three pieces of supplemental information are included in verses 23 29 17 The spurned Ahithophel committed suicide verse 23 likely because of wounded pride although it could also be of the fear of David s revenge The position as the head of the Israelite army was removed from Joab and given to Amasa Joab s cousin through their mothers David received three powerful supports in Transjordan as he arrived in Mahanaim 1 Shobi son of Nahash the Ammonite 2 Machir of the house of Saul who had previously taken care of Mephibosheth and 3 Barzillai from Gilead cf 2 Samuel 19 31 39 17 dd These people faithfully provide for David in his current condition 17 See also EditAbigail Ahithophel the Gilonite Ammiel Ammon Archite Ark of the Covenant Bahurim Chariot City Gate Enrogel Gilo Hanging Horses in warfare Ithra Jerusalem Kingdom of Israel Kohen Levites Lo debar Rabbah Rogelim Suicide Zeruiah Bible portalRelated Bible parts 2 Samuel 13 2 Samuel 14Notes Edit The whole book of 2 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus 13 References Edit Halley 1965 p 184 Hirsch Emil G SAMUEL BOOKS OF www jewishencyclopedia com Knight 1995 p 62 Jones 2007 p 197 a b Jones 2007 p 220 Coogan 2007 p 459 Hebrew Bible Wurthwein 1995 pp 35 37 Ulrich 2010 pp 312 314 Dead sea scrolls 2 Samuel Fitzmyer 2008 p 35 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Wurthwein 1995 pp 73 74 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Codex Sinaiticus Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company 2 Samuel 17 Berean Study Bible a b c d e f g h i Morrison 2013 p 203 Morrison 2013 p 223 a b c d e f g h i Jones 2007 p 225 Sources EditCommentaries on Samuel Edit Auld Graeme 2003 1 amp 2 Samuel In James D G Dunn and John William Rogerson ed Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans ISBN 9780802837110 Bergen David T 1996 1 2 Samuel B amp H Publishing Group ISBN 9780805401073 Chapman Stephen B 2016 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture A Theological Commentary Wm B Eerdmans Publishing Company ISBN 978 1467445160 Collins John J 2014 Chapter 14 1 Samuel 12 2 Samuel 25 Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures Fortress Press pp 277 296 ISBN 978 1451469233 Evans Paul 2018 Longman Tremper ed 1 2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Zondervan Academic ISBN 978 0310490944 Gordon Robert 1986 I amp II Samuel A Commentary Paternoster Press ISBN 9780310230229 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm 1964 I amp II Samuel A Commentary trans from German 2nd edition 1960 ed Westminster John Knox Press p 19 ISBN 978 0664223182 Morrison Craig E 2013 Berit Olam 2 Samuel Liturgical Press ISBN 978 0814682913 Steinmann Andrew 2017 2 Samuel Concordia commentary a theological exposition of sacred scripture Concordia Publishing House ISBN 9780758650061 General Edit Breytenbach Andries 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative In Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H F Van Rooy ed Past Present Future the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill ISBN 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David 2007 Coogan Michael David Brettler Marc Zvi Newsom Carol Ann Perkins Pheme eds The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal Deuterocanonical Books New Revised Standard Version Issue 48 Augmented 3rd ed Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0195288810 Fitzmyer Joseph A 2008 A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature Grand Rapids MI William B Eerdmans Publishing Company ISBN 9780802862419 Halley Henry H 1965 Halley s Bible Handbook an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th revised ed Zondervan Publishing House ISBN 0 310 25720 4 Hayes Christine 2015 Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press ISBN 978 0300188271 Jones Gwilym H 2007 12 1 and 2 Samuel In Barton John Muddiman John eds The Oxford Bible Commentary first paperback ed Oxford University Press pp 196 232 ISBN 978 0199277186 Retrieved February 6 2019 Klein R W 2003 Samuel books of In Bromiley Geoffrey W ed The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans ISBN 9780802837844 Knight Douglas A 1995 Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists In James Luther Mays David L Petersen and Kent Harold Richards ed Old Testament Interpretation T amp T Clark ISBN 9780567292896 McKane William 1993 Samuel Book of In Metzger Bruce M Coogan Michael D eds The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press pp 409 413 ISBN 978 0195046458 Ulrich Eugene ed 2010 The Biblical Qumran Scrolls Transcriptions and Textual Variants Brill Wurthwein Ernst 1995 The Text of the Old Testament Translated by Rhodes Erroll F Grand Rapids MI Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 0 8028 0788 7 Retrieved January 26 2019 External links EditJewish translations Samuel II II Samuel Chapter 17 Judaica Press Hebrew text and English translation with Rashi s commentary at Chabad org Christian translations Online Bible at GospelHall org ESV KJV Darby American Standard Version Bible in Basic English 2 Samuel chapter 17 Bible Gateway Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2 Samuel 17 amp oldid 1118278896, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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