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28 May 1926 coup d'état

January 21, 2023

The 28 May 1926 coup d'état, sometimes called 28 May Revolution or, during the period of the authoritarian Estado Novo (English: New State), the National Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução Nacional), was a military coup of a nationalist origin, that put an end to the unstable Portuguese First Republic and initiated 48 years of authoritarian rule in Portugal. The regime that immediately resulted from the coup, the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship), would be later refashioned into the Estado Novo (New State), which in turn would last until the Carnation Revolution in 1974.[citation needed]

28 May 1926 coup d'état

Military procession of General Gomes da Costa and his troops after the 28 May 1926 Revolution
Date28 May 1926
Location
Portugal
Result
Belligerents

 First Portuguese Republic

Portuguese Armed Forces

Commanders and leaders
Bernardino Machado
António Maria da Silva
General Peres
David Rodrigues		 Mendes Cabeçadas
Gomes da Costa
Sinel de Cordes
Filomeno da Câmara
Passos e Sousa
Raul Esteves

Background

The chronic political instability and government's neglect of the army created opportunities for military plots.[citation needed] Historians have considered that the coup had wide support, including all political parties at the time except for the Democratic Party, Portuguese Communist Party, Socialist Party, the Seara Nova group, General Confederation of Labour, and the Democratic Leftwing Republican Party.[1]

In 1925 there were three failed coup attempts: on 5 March (led by Filomeno da Câmara); 18 April (inspired by Sinel de Cordes and led by Raul Esteves and Filomeno da Câmara); and 19 July (led by Mendes Cabeçadas).[2] The plotters were mostly acquitted by a military court.[2][3] Óscar Carmona, acting as military prosecutor of the 18 April plot, asked that the plotters be absolved.[2] During the trial, Óscar Carmona famously asked:[3]

"Why do these men sit in the defendant bench? Because their homeland is sick and orders its best sons to be judged and tried." - Óscar Carmona

The leaders of the 18 April plot were sent to the Nossa Senhora da Graça Fort, where they recruited the fort's commander, Passos e Sousa, to the rebel forces.[3] The officers decided on General Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa to lead the movement, who agreed to join the plotters on 25 May.[4]

On 27 May, General Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa arrived at Braga to launch a coup d'état. The First Portuguese Republic and Prime Minister António Maria da Silva, aware of the planned coup, tried to organize resistance.

Coup

The revolution started in Braga, commanded by General Manuel Gomes da Costa, followed immediately in Porto, Lisbon, Évora, Coimbra and Santarém.[citation needed] Generals Sinel de Cordes, Filomeno da Câmara, Passos e Sousa, and Raul Esteves also took part in the coup, leading the provincial military forces.[2] Initially believing he failed, Gomes da Costa announced his surrender.[citation needed]

 
Gomes da Costa on the balcony of the Coimbra Civil Government, acclaimed by people, June 1926

Aftermath

On 30 May, President Bernardino Machado appointed José Mendes Cabeçadas as head of government and minister of every ministry and on the following day transferred his powers, as president, to Cabeçadas.[2]

On 6 June, General Gomes da Costa marched on Lisbon's Avenida da Liberdade along with 15,000 men, being acclaimed by the people of the city.[2][5] Five days later, on 11 June, Cabeçadas' units in Santarém demobilized.[2] On 17 June, Gomes da Costa mobilized his units and demanded Cabeçadas' resignation.[2] Cabeçada resigned and transferred his powers to Gomes da Costa.[2] Gomes da Costa then tried to get the ministers associated with Sinel de Cordes to resign.[2] Yet, on 8 June a group of generals and colonels tried to get Gomes da Costa to accept a formal position of President, but he declined and was imprisoned on the following day.[2] Two days later he was deported to the Azores.[2] General Óscar Carmona was appointed head of government and the Ditadura Nacional began.[2]

Timeline

References

  1. ^ Baiôa, Manuel (1994). "A ditadura militar na historiografia recente". Penélope: Revista de história e ciências sociais (in Portuguese). 14: 201–220. hdl:10174/24021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rosas, Fernando (2007). Lisboa revolucionária: 1908-1975 (in Portuguese). Lisboa: Tinta da China Edições. ISBN 978-989-671-025-5.
  3. ^ a b c "Golpe de 28 de Maio de 1926". RTP Ensina (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  4. ^ Gallagher, Tom (1983). Portugal: A Twentieth-Century Interpretation. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 62. ISBN 0-7190-0876-X.
  5. ^ Laidlar, John; Unwin, P. T. H. (2000). Portugal. Clio. ISBN 978-1-85109-331-1.

January 21, 2023
1926, coup, état, sometimes, called, revolution, during, period, authoritarian, estado, novo, english, state, national, revolution, portuguese, revolução, nacional, military, coup, nationalist, origin, that, unstable, portuguese, first, republic, initiated, ye. The 28 May 1926 coup d etat sometimes called 28 May Revolution or during the period of the authoritarian Estado Novo English New State the National Revolution Portuguese Revolucao Nacional was a military coup of a nationalist origin that put an end to the unstable Portuguese First Republic and initiated 48 years of authoritarian rule in Portugal The regime that immediately resulted from the coup the Ditadura Nacional National Dictatorship would be later refashioned into the Estado Novo New State which in turn would last until the Carnation Revolution in 1974 citation needed 28 May 1926 coup d etatMilitary procession of General Gomes da Costa and his troops after the 28 May 1926 RevolutionDate28 May 1926LocationPortugalResultCollapse of the First Republic Beginning of the Ditadura Nacional followed by Second RepublicBelligerents First Portuguese Republic Republican PartyPortuguese Armed Forces Portuguese Army Portuguese NavyCommanders and leadersBernardino Machado Antonio Maria da Silva General Peres David RodriguesMendes Cabecadas Gomes da Costa Sinel de Cordes Filomeno da Camara Passos e Sousa Raul Esteves Contents 1 Background 2 Coup 3 Aftermath 4 Timeline 5 ReferencesBackground EditThe chronic political instability and government s neglect of the army created opportunities for military plots citation needed Historians have considered that the coup had wide support including all political parties at the time except for the Democratic Party Portuguese Communist Party Socialist Party the Seara Nova group General Confederation of Labour and the Democratic Leftwing Republican Party 1 In 1925 there were three failed coup attempts on 5 March led by Filomeno da Camara 18 April inspired by Sinel de Cordes and led by Raul Esteves and Filomeno da Camara and 19 July led by Mendes Cabecadas 2 The plotters were mostly acquitted by a military court 2 3 oscar Carmona acting as military prosecutor of the 18 April plot asked that the plotters be absolved 2 During the trial oscar Carmona famously asked 3 Why do these men sit in the defendant bench Because their homeland is sick and orders its best sons to be judged and tried oscar CarmonaThe leaders of the 18 April plot were sent to the Nossa Senhora da Graca Fort where they recruited the fort s commander Passos e Sousa to the rebel forces 3 The officers decided on General Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa to lead the movement who agreed to join the plotters on 25 May 4 On 27 May General Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa arrived at Braga to launch a coup d etat The First Portuguese Republic and Prime Minister Antonio Maria da Silva aware of the planned coup tried to organize resistance Coup EditThe revolution started in Braga commanded by General Manuel Gomes da Costa followed immediately in Porto Lisbon Evora Coimbra and Santarem citation needed Generals Sinel de Cordes Filomeno da Camara Passos e Sousa and Raul Esteves also took part in the coup leading the provincial military forces 2 Initially believing he failed Gomes da Costa announced his surrender citation needed Gomes da Costa on the balcony of the Coimbra Civil Government acclaimed by people June 1926Aftermath EditOn 30 May President Bernardino Machado appointed Jose Mendes Cabecadas as head of government and minister of every ministry and on the following day transferred his powers as president to Cabecadas 2 On 6 June General Gomes da Costa marched on Lisbon s Avenida da Liberdade along with 15 000 men being acclaimed by the people of the city 2 5 Five days later on 11 June Cabecadas units in Santarem demobilized 2 On 17 June Gomes da Costa mobilized his units and demanded Cabecadas resignation 2 Cabecada resigned and transferred his powers to Gomes da Costa 2 Gomes da Costa then tried to get the ministers associated with Sinel de Cordes to resign 2 Yet on 8 June a group of generals and colonels tried to get Gomes da Costa to accept a formal position of President but he declined and was imprisoned on the following day 2 Two days later he was deported to the Azores 2 General oscar Carmona was appointed head of government and the Ditadura Nacional began 2 Timeline Edit29 May The Portuguese Communist Party interrupted its Second Congress due to the political and military situation in the country The Confederacao Geral do Trabalho General Confederation of Labour declared its neutrality in all military confrontations The 28 5 26 coup d etat spread to the rest of the country influenced Mendes Cabecadas Sinel de Cordes and oscar Carmona and established the Ditadura Militar National Military Dictatorship against the democratic but unstable First Portuguese Republic The Government of Prime Minister Antonio Maria da Silva resigned 30 May The General Gomes da Costa was acclaimed in Porto The president of the republic Bernardino Machado resigned Jose Mendes Cabecadas Junior became Prime Minister and President of the Republic 3 June Antonio de Oliveira Salazar became Minister of Finance however he resigned 16 days after 3 June A dictatorial decree dissolved the Congress of the Republic of Portugal National Assembly In addition by dictatorial decree the leaders of all the Municipalities were sacked The Ditadura Militar banned the Carbonaria The Ditadura Militar banned all Political parties 17 June General Gomes da Costa provoked a second coup d etat 19 June General Gomes da Costa became Prime Minister 22 June The Ditadura Militar instituted Censorship 29 June General Gomes da Costa became President of the Republic 9 July The Ditadura Militar forced General Gomes da Costa to resign allowing him to go into exile General Antonio oscar de Fragoso Carmona of the conservative military wing of the Ditadura Militar became Prime Minister 15 September A military coup d etat failed 18 September Another military coup d etat failed 29 November General Antonio oscar Carmona became President of the Republic 16 December The Ditadura Militar created a political police called Police of Information of Lisbon References Edit Portugal portal 1920s portal Baioa Manuel 1994 A ditadura militar na historiografia recente Penelope Revista de historia e ciencias sociais in Portuguese 14 201 220 hdl 10174 24021 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rosas Fernando 2007 Lisboa revolucionaria 1908 1975 in Portuguese Lisboa Tinta da China Edicoes ISBN 978 989 671 025 5 a b c Golpe de 28 de Maio de 1926 RTP Ensina in Portuguese Retrieved 21 September 2020 Gallagher Tom 1983 Portugal A Twentieth Century Interpretation Manchester Manchester University Press p 62 ISBN 0 7190 0876 X Laidlar John Unwin P T H 2000 Portugal Clio ISBN 978 1 85109 331 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 28 May 1926 coup d 27etat amp oldid 1109991383, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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