fbpx
Wikipedia

1936 Winter Olympics

January 01, 1970

The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936 (Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch 1936), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. The country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

IV Olympic Winter Games
Logo of the 1936 Winter Olympics[a]
Host cityGarmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Nations28
Athletes646 (566 men, 80 women)
Events17 in 4 sports (8 disciplines)
Opening6 February 1936
Closing16 February 1936
Opened by
Chancellor Adolf Hitler
StadiumGroße Olympiaschanze
Winter
Summer

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.

Organization and politics edit

While the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin months later have attracted extensive examination for the Nazi Party's spectacles and the accompanying racial controversies – including the exclusion of most Jewish athletes and Jesse Owens's achievements – the Winter Games took place five months earlier and saw some of the same efforts by Adolf Hitler's propaganda machine.

Globally, there had been efforts to initiate boycotts from different countries, and a number of Jewish athletes faced pressure not to participate in an event held in a nation ruled by a blatantly antisemitic regime.[1]

The Nazis took steps to soften the appearance of their harsher policies before visitors from other nations arrived, such as removing antisemitic signage that was common in Germany, and – under pressure from a potential American boycott and Olympic officials – allowing the Jewish athlete Rudi Ball to play on Germany's ice hockey team.[2]

A few weeks before the Games began, William L. Shirer, the Berlin correspondent for the Universal wire service, wrote a series of articles describing preparations for the competition. "I had written... that the Nazis at Garmisch had pulled down all the signs saying that Jews are unwanted (they're all over Germany) and that the Olympic visitors would thus be spared any signs of the kind of treatment meted out to Jews in this country."[3]

 
Opening Ceremony with Rudolf Hess, IOC president Henri de Baillet-Latour, and Adolf Hitler

None of the member nations boycotted the Winter Games, and 49 in all participated, the greatest number at that time.[4] The Games were completed with a minimum of political controversy, although the Canadian skiing team raised their arms in what appeared to be a Nazi salute as they entered the opening ceremonies.[5] The German crowd erupted in applause at the salute, which was later explained as the "Olympic Salute" that was identical to the Nazi version but with the arm extended laterally instead of forward.[4]

However, even Shirer was impressed by the effectiveness of the Nazis' efforts, writing:

This has been a more pleasant interlude than I expected. ... On the whole the Nazis have done a wonderful propaganda job. They've greatly impressed most of the visiting foreigners with the lavish but smooth way in which they've run the games and with their kind manners, which to us who came from Berlin of course seemed staged. I was so alarmed at this that I gave a luncheon for some of our businessmen and invited Douglas Miller, our commercial attaché in Berlin, and the best-informed man on Germany we have in our embassy, to enlighten them a little. But they told him what things were like, and Doug scarcely got a word in. ... Back to Berlin tomorrow to the grind of covering Nazi politics."[6]

Twelve days after the Games closed, Hitler sent German troops to remilitarize the Rhineland, his first territorial violation of the Treaty of Versailles and a critical test of European resolve to resist Germany's military expansion. None of the Western powers lifted a finger and Europe's first steps towards World War Two were taken.

Highlights edit

Sports edit

Medals were awarded in 17 events contested in four sports (eight disciplines).

Demonstration sports edit

Venues edit

Main article: Venues of the 1936 Winter Olympics
  • Große Olympiaschanze – Cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, Opening and Closing Ceremonies, and Ski Jumping.
  • Gudiberg – Alpine skiing (combined – slalom)
  • Kreuzjoch – Alpine skiing (combined – downhill)
  • Kreuzeck – Alpine skiing (downhill finish line)
  • Olympia-Kunsteisstadion – Figure skating and Ice hockey
  • Riessersee and surrounding areas – Bobsleigh, Ice hockey, and Speed skating

Participating nations edit

A total of 28 nations sent athletes to compete in Germany. Australia, Bulgaria, Greece, Liechtenstein, Spain and Turkey all made their Winter Olympics debut, and Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Yugoslavia returned after having missed the 1932 Winter Olympics.

Participating National Olympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee (from highest to lowest) edit


Medal count edit

Main article: 1936 Winter Olympics medal table
 
Norwegian figure skater Sonja Henie

  *   Host nation (Germany)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  Norway75315
2  Germany*3306
3  Sweden2237
4  Finland1236
5  Switzerland1203
6  Austria1124
7  Great Britain1113
8  United States1034
9  Canada0101
10  France0011
  Hungary0011
Totals (11 entries)17171751

Podium sweeps edit

See also edit

References edit

Notes

  1. ^ The 1936 Olympic Logo comprises the Olympic rings in the foreground and the summit of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen Alps with a ski track leading to the mountains in the background. Around, there is the inscription "IV. OLYMPISCHE WINTERSPIELE 1936
    GARMISCH-PARTENKIRCHEN"

Citations

  1. ^ Marsha Lederman, "A Glimpse of Canada at the 1936 Nazi Games," The Globe and Mail, October 13, 2009
  2. ^ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 1936 Olympics Bibliography, found at https://www.ushmm.org/collections/bibliography/1936-olympics
  3. ^ William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary, ©1941 reprinted 2011 by Rosetta Books, entry for January 23, 1936
  4. ^ a b Lederman, "A Glimpse of Canada at the 1936 Nazi Games"
  5. ^ Adam Martin, "So This Happened: Hitler's Winter Olympics in Photos, New York Magazine, February 12, 2014, found at https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/02/this-happened-hitlers-winter-olympics.html
  6. ^ Shirer, Berlin Diary, undated entry February 1936

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1936 Winter Olympics.
  • "Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.

Further reading edit

Winter Olympics
Preceded by IV Olympic Winter Games
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
1936 		Succeeded by
Sapporo/Garmisch-Partenkirchen
cancelled due to World War II

January 01, 1970
1936, winter, olympics, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2013, lear. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The 1936 Winter Olympics officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games German IV Olympische Winterspiele and commonly known as Garmisch Partenkirchen 1936 Bavarian Garmasch Partakurch 1936 were a winter multi sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch Partenkirchen Germany The country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics which were held in Berlin It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games IV Olympic Winter GamesLogo of the 1936 Winter Olympics a Host cityGarmisch Partenkirchen GermanyNations28Athletes646 566 men 80 women Events17 in 4 sports 8 disciplines Opening6 February 1936Closing16 February 1936Opened byChancellor Adolf HitlerStadiumGrosse OlympiaschanzeWinter Lake Placid 1932St Moritz 1948 Sapporo 1940 Summer Los Angeles 1932Berlin 1936 The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise DRL by Karl Ritter von Halt who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch Partenkirchen by Reichssportfuhrer Hans von Tschammer und Osten Contents 1 Organization and politics 2 Highlights 3 Sports 3 1 Demonstration sports 4 Venues 5 Participating nations 5 1 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee from highest to lowest 6 Medal count 6 1 Podium sweeps 7 See also 8 References 9 External links 10 Further readingOrganization and politics editWhile the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin months later have attracted extensive examination for the Nazi Party s spectacles and the accompanying racial controversies including the exclusion of most Jewish athletes and Jesse Owens s achievements the Winter Games took place five months earlier and saw some of the same efforts by Adolf Hitler s propaganda machine Globally there had been efforts to initiate boycotts from different countries and a number of Jewish athletes faced pressure not to participate in an event held in a nation ruled by a blatantly antisemitic regime 1 The Nazis took steps to soften the appearance of their harsher policies before visitors from other nations arrived such as removing antisemitic signage that was common in Germany and under pressure from a potential American boycott and Olympic officials allowing the Jewish athlete Rudi Ball to play on Germany s ice hockey team 2 A few weeks before the Games began William L Shirer the Berlin correspondent for the Universal wire service wrote a series of articles describing preparations for the competition I had written that the Nazis at Garmisch had pulled down all the signs saying that Jews are unwanted they re all over Germany and that the Olympic visitors would thus be spared any signs of the kind of treatment meted out to Jews in this country 3 nbsp Opening Ceremony with Rudolf Hess IOC president Henri de Baillet Latour and Adolf Hitler None of the member nations boycotted the Winter Games and 49 in all participated the greatest number at that time 4 The Games were completed with a minimum of political controversy although the Canadian skiing team raised their arms in what appeared to be a Nazi salute as they entered the opening ceremonies 5 The German crowd erupted in applause at the salute which was later explained as the Olympic Salute that was identical to the Nazi version but with the arm extended laterally instead of forward 4 However even Shirer was impressed by the effectiveness of the Nazis efforts writing This has been a more pleasant interlude than I expected On the whole the Nazis have done a wonderful propaganda job They ve greatly impressed most of the visiting foreigners with the lavish but smooth way in which they ve run the games and with their kind manners which to us who came from Berlin of course seemed staged I was so alarmed at this that I gave a luncheon for some of our businessmen and invited Douglas Miller our commercial attache in Berlin and the best informed man on Germany we have in our embassy to enlighten them a little But they told him what things were like and Doug scarcely got a word in Back to Berlin tomorrow to the grind of covering Nazi politics 6 Twelve days after the Games closed Hitler sent German troops to remilitarize the Rhineland his first territorial violation of the Treaty of Versailles and a critical test of European resolve to resist Germany s military expansion None of the Western powers lifted a finger and Europe s first steps towards World War Two were taken Highlights editGerman skier Willy Bogner took the Olympic oath during the opening ceremonies Alpine skiing made its first appearance in the Winter Olympics as the combined which added a skier s results in both the downhill and slalom German athletes Franz Pfnur won men s alpine and Christl Cranz won the women s alpine event Ivar Ballangrud won three out of the four speed skating races Sonja Henie won her third consecutive gold medal in woman s figure skating Switzerland won the four man bobsled competition with a time of 5 19 85 Great Britain upset 1932 gold medalists Canada in ice hockey when Edgar Brenchley scored the winning goal within the last 90 seconds Norway won the overall games with a total of seven gold medals five silver medals and three bronze medals The 1936 Winter Olympics presented the largest and heaviest medals ever awarded to athletes 100 mm 3 9 in diameter 4 mm 0 16 in thick and weighing 324 g 11 4 oz Sports editMedals were awarded in 17 events contested in four sports eight disciplines nbsp Bobsleigh 2 details nbsp Ice hockey 1 details Skating nbsp Figure skating 3 details nbsp Speed skating 4 details Skiing nbsp Alpine skiing 2 details nbsp Nordic skiing details nbsp Cross country skiing 3 details nbsp Nordic combined 1 details nbsp Ski jumping 1 details Demonstration sports edit Military patrol Ice stock sportVenues editMain article Venues of the 1936 Winter Olympics Grosse Olympiaschanze Cross country skiing Nordic combined Opening and Closing Ceremonies and Ski Jumping Gudiberg Alpine skiing combined slalom Kreuzjoch Alpine skiing combined downhill Kreuzeck Alpine skiing downhill finish line Olympia Kunsteisstadion Figure skating and Ice hockey Riessersee and surrounding areas Bobsleigh Ice hockey and Speed skatingParticipating nations editA total of 28 nations sent athletes to compete in Germany Australia Bulgaria Greece Liechtenstein Spain and Turkey all made their Winter Olympics debut and Estonia Latvia Luxembourg the Netherlands and Yugoslavia returned after having missed the 1932 Winter Olympics Participating National Olympic Committees nbsp Australia 1 nbsp Austria 60 nbsp Belgium 27 nbsp Bulgaria 7 nbsp Canada 29 nbsp Czechoslovakia 48 nbsp Estonia 5 nbsp Finland 19 nbsp France 28 nbsp Germany 55 host nbsp Great Britain 38 nbsp Greece 1 nbsp Hungary 25 nbsp Italy 40 nbsp Japan 31 nbsp Latvia 26 nbsp Liechtenstein 4 nbsp Luxembourg 4 nbsp Netherlands 8 nbsp Norway 31 nbsp Poland 20 nbsp Romania 15 nbsp Spain 6 nbsp Sweden 32 nbsp Switzerland 34 nbsp Turkey 6 nbsp United States 55 nbsp Yugoslavia 17 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee from highest to lowest edit IOC Country Athletes AUT nbsp Austria 60 GER nbsp Germany 55 USA nbsp United States 55 TCH nbsp Czechoslovakia 48 ITA nbsp Italy 40 GBR nbsp Great Britain 38 JPN nbsp Japan 38 SUI nbsp Switzerland 34 SWE nbsp Sweden 32 NOR nbsp Norway 30 CAN nbsp Canada 29 FRA nbsp France 28 BEL nbsp Belgium 27 LAT nbsp Latvia 26 HUN nbsp Hungary 25 POL nbsp Poland 20 FIN nbsp Finland 19 ROM nbsp Romania 19 YUG nbsp Yugoslavia 17 NED nbsp Netherlands 8 BUL nbsp Bulgaria 7 EST nbsp Estonia 7 ESP nbsp Spain 6 TUR nbsp Turkey 6 LIE nbsp Liechtenstein 4 LUX nbsp Luxembourg 4 AUS nbsp Australia 1 GRE nbsp Greece 1 Total 646Medal count editMain article 1936 Winter Olympics medal table nbsp Norwegian figure skater Sonja Henie Host nation Germany RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1 nbsp Norway753152 nbsp Germany 33063 nbsp Sweden22374 nbsp Finland12365 nbsp Switzerland12036 nbsp Austria11247 nbsp Great Britain11138 nbsp United States10349 nbsp Canada010110 nbsp France0011 nbsp Hungary0011Totals 11 entries 17171751 Podium sweeps edit Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze 13 February Nordic combined Individual nbsp Norway Oddbjorn Hagen Olaf Hoffsbakken Sverre Brodahl 15 February Cross country skiing Men s 50 kilometre nbsp Sweden Elis Wiklund Axel Wikstrom Nils Joel EnglundSee also edit nbsp Olympic Games portal 1936 Summer Olympics Olympic Games celebrated in Germany 1936 Winter Olympics Garmisch Partenkirchen 1936 Summer Olympics Berlin 1972 Summer Olympics Munich List of IOC country codes National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical ExerciseReferences editNotes The 1936 Olympic Logo comprises the Olympic rings in the foreground and the summit of the Garmisch Partenkirchen Alps with a ski track leading to the mountains in the background Around there is the inscription IV OLYMPISCHE WINTERSPIELE 1936 GARMISCH PARTENKIRCHEN Citations Marsha Lederman A Glimpse of Canada at the 1936 Nazi Games The Globe and Mail October 13 2009 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 1936 Olympics Bibliography found at https www ushmm org collections bibliography 1936 olympics William L Shirer Berlin Diary c 1941 reprinted 2011 by Rosetta Books entry for January 23 1936 a b Lederman A Glimpse of Canada at the 1936 Nazi Games Adam Martin So This Happened Hitler s Winter Olympics in Photos New York Magazine February 12 2014 found at https nymag com intelligencer 2014 02 this happened hitlers winter olympics html Shirer Berlin Diary undated entry February 1936External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1936 Winter Olympics Garmisch Partenkirchen 1936 Olympics com International Olympic Committee Complete official IOC report In German The program of the 1936 Garmisch Partenkirchen Winter OlympicsFurther reading editBerlin Games How Hitler Stole the Olympic Dream by Guy Walters ISBN 0719567831 UK ISBN 0060874120 US Winter Olympics Preceded byLake Placid IV Olympic Winter GamesGarmisch Partenkirchen1936 Succeeded bySapporo Garmisch Partenkirchen cancelled due to World War II Portals nbsp Olympics nbsp Germany Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1936 Winter Olympics amp oldid 1214977396, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.