1912–13 United States Senate elections

The 1912–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. They were the last U.S. Senate elections before the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, establishing direct elections for all Senate seats. Senators had been primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1912 and 1913, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] Some states elected their senators directly even before passage of Seventeenth Amendment. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

1912–13 United States Senate elections

← 1910 & 1911 January 16, 1912 – January 29, 1913 1914 →
32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Kern^[a] Jacob H. Gallinger^[b] Party Democratic Republican Leader since March 4, 1911 March 4, 1911 Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire Seats before 43 52 Seats after 47 45 Seat change 4 7 Seats up 13 19 Seats won 17 12
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      No election
Majority conference chairman before election Shelby Moore Cullom Republican Elected Majority conference chairman John W. Kern Democratic

In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. The Democrats gained control of the Senate for the first time in 20 years. Of the 32 seats up for election, 17 were won by Democrats, thereby gaining 4 seats from the Republicans. Two seats were unfilled by state legislators who failed to elect a new senator on time.

These elections coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party. In the Senate, Joseph M. Dixon and Miles Poindexter defected from the Republican Party and joined Theodore Roosevelt's new Progressive Party. Dixon, however, lost his seat during this election.

Results summary

 

The Senate after the elections in 1912

Parties		Total Seats
		Incumbents	This election						Result	+/-
			Not up	Up	Re- elected	Held	Gained	Lost
	Democratic	43	30	13	5	5	7	2	47	4
	Republican	52	33	19	6	4	2	7	45	7
	Others	0	0	0	0	0			0
	Vacant	1	1	0			3		4	3
Total		96	64	32	11	9	12	9	96	3

Change in composition

Before the elections

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27 Ala. Ran	D28 Ariz. New seat
D38 S.C. Ran	D37 Okla. Ran	D36 N.C. Ran	D35 Miss. Ran	D34 Maine (sp) Maine (reg) Ran	D33 La. Ran	D32 Ky. Retired	D31 Ga. Ran	D30 Ark. Retired	D29 Ariz. New seat
D39 Tex. Retired	D40 Va. (reg) Ran	D41 Va. (sp) Ran	D42 W.Va. Ran	V1 Colo. (sp) Died	V2 Ill. (sp)	R52 Wyo. Ran	R51 Tenn. Retired	R50 S.D. Ran	R49 R.I. Retired
Majority →
R39 Mass. Retired	R40 Mich. Ran	R41 Minn. Ran	R42 Mont. Ran	R43 Neb. Ran	R44 N.H. Retired	R45 N.J. Ran	R46 N.M. (1st) New seat	R47 N.M. (1st) New seat N.M. (reg) Ran	R48 Ore. Ran
R38 Kan. Ran	R37 Iowa Ran	R36 Ill. Ran	R35 Idaho Ran	R34 Del. Retired	R33 Colo. Retired	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Results of elections before the next Congress

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27 Ala. Re-elected	D28 Ariz. Gain
D38 Mont. Gain	D37 Miss. Hold	D36 La. Hold	D35 Ky. Hold	D34 Kan. Gain	D33 Del. Gain	D32 Colo. (sp) Gain	D31 Colo. Gain	D30 Ark. Hold	D29 Ariz. Gain
D39 N.J. Gain	D40 N.C. Re-elected	D41 Okla. Re-elected	D42 Ore. Gain	D43 S.C. Re-elected	D44 Tenn. Gain	D45 Tex. Hold	D46 Va. (reg) Re-elected	D47 Va. (sp) Elected^[c]	V1 Ga. D Loss
Majority ↑
R39 Neb. Hold	R40 N.M. (1st) Gain	R41 N.M. (1st) Gain N.M. (reg) Re-elected	R42 R.I. Hold	R43 S.D. Hold	R44 W.Va. Gain	R45 Wyo. Re-elected	V4 N.H. R Loss	V3 Ill. (reg) R Loss	V2 Ill. (sp)
R38 Minn. Re-elected	R37 Mich. Re-elected	R36 Mass. Hold	R35 Maine (sp) Elected^[c] Maine (reg) Gain	R34 Iowa Re-elected	R33 Idaho Re-elected	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Beginning of the next Congress, March 4, 1913

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39	D40	D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	D47	D48
Majority →									D49 Ga. Appointed
R39	R40	R41	R42	V4 Ill. (reg)	V3 Ill. (sp)	V2 W.Va. Seated late	P1 Wash. Changed	V1 N.H.
R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Beginning of the first session, April 7, 1913

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39	D40	D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	D47	D48
Majority →									D49
R39	R40	R41	R42	R43 Ill. (reg) Gain	R44 Ill. (sp) Gain	R45 W.Va. Seated late	P1	D50 N.H. Gain
R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Key	D# Democratic P# Progressive R# Republican V# Vacant

Complete list of races

Special elections during the 62nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in the 62nd Congress during 1912 or before March 4, 1913; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Virginia (Class 1)	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	1910 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 23, 1912.	▌ Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
New Mexico (Class 1)	New state			New senator elected March 27, 1912. Republican gain.	▌ Y (Class 2) Albert B. Fall (Republican) 39 votes ▌ Y (Class 1) Thomas B. Catron (Republican) 38 votes ▌Felix Martinez (Democratic) 25 votes ▌Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 23 votes ▌William G. Mills^[d] (Republican) 7 votes ▌ Herbert J. Hagerman (Progressive Republican) 3 votes ▌L. Bradford Prince (Republican) 3 votes ▌Eugene Romero (Republican) 3 votes ▌ W. H. Gillenwater (Progressive Republican) 2 votes ▌O. A. Larrazolo (Republican) 2 votes ▌Jose D. Sena (Republican) 1 vote^[2]
New Mexico (Class 2)				New senator elected March 27, 1912. Republican gain. Winner was also subsequently elected to the next term, see below.
Arizona (Class 1)	New state			New senator elected March 26, 1912, ratifying the popular selection made on December 12, 1911, state elections. Democratic gain.	▌ Y Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) Unopposed^[2] In state elections: ▌Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 50.00% ▌Ralph Cameron (Republican) 44.33% ▌E. Johnson (Socialist) 5.67%^[3]
Arizona (Class 3)				New senator elected March 26, 1912, ratifying the popular selection made on December 12, 1911, state elections. Democratic gain.	▌ Y Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) Unopposed^[2] In state elections: ▌Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 50.35% ▌Hoval A. Smith (Republican) 43.84% ▌E. B. Simonton (Socialist) 5.8%^[3]
Maine (Class 2)	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected April 2, 1912.^[4]	▌ Y Obadiah Gardner (Democratic) 98 votes ▌Frederick A. Powers (Republican) 56 votes^[2]
Colorado (Class 3)	Vacant			Charles J. Hughes Jr. (D) had died January 11, 1911. New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	▌ Y Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) 28 votes ▌Waterman (Unknown) 4 votes ▌Vincent (Progressive) 1 vote^[5] In state elections: [data missing]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 24, 1913. Democratic gain. Winner did not run for election to the following term, see below.	▌ Y William R. Webb (Democratic) 73 votes ▌M. T. Bryan (Democratic) 53 votes ▌J. A. Clements (Democratic) 1 vote ▌C. W. Tyler (Democratic) 1 vote^[6]
Texas (Class 2)	Rienzi Johnston	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 23, 1913. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	▌ Y Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 104 votes ▌Rienzi Johnston (Democratic) 66 votes^[6]
Idaho (Class 3)	Kirtland Perky	Democratic	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 24, 1913. Republican gain.	▌ Y James H. Brady (Republican) 43 votes ▌James F. Ailshie (Republican) 7 votes ▌John F. Nugent (Democratic) 5 votes ▌James E. Babb (Unknown) 5 votes ▌Robert N. Dunn (Unknown) 4 votes ▌E. H. Dewey (Unknown) 4 votes ▌John T. Morrison (Republican) 3 votes ▌Burton L. French (Republican) 2 votes ▌James Hanrahan (Democratic) 2 votes ▌C. A. Beale (Unknown) 1 vote ▌George Fields (Unknown) 1 vote ▌J. F. Maclane (Unknown) 1 vote ▌T. L. Burkland (Unknown) 1 vote ▌W. C. Courtney (Unknown) 1 vote^[5]^[7]
Arkansas (Class 2)	John N. Heiskell	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 27, 1913. Democratic hold. Winner did not run for election to the following term, see below.	▌ Y William Kavanaugh (Democratic) 77 votes ▌Others 58 votes^[5]
Nevada (Class 1)	William A. Massey	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected^[e] January 28, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	▌ Y Key Pittman (Democratic) Unanimous except: ▌George Stale (Socialist) 2 votes In state elections: ▌Key Pittman (Democratic) 39.78% ▌William A. Massey (Republican) 39.34% ▌George Stale (Socialist) 13.73% ▌ S. Summerfield (Progressive) 7.15%^[8]

Races leading to the 63rd Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1913; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (Appointed) 1907 (special)	Incumbent had already been re-elected early January 17, 1911, for the term beginning March 4, 1913.
Arkansas	John N. Heiskell	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 29, 1913. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 71 votes ▌Stephen Brundige (Democratic) 36 votes ▌Norwood (Unknown) 15 votes ▌Kirby (Unknown) 8 votes ▌Oldfield (Unknown) 1 vote ▌Martin (Unknown) 1 vote ▌Reid (Unknown) 1 vote ▌Taylor (Unknown) 1 vote^[5]
Colorado	Simon Guggenheim	Republican	1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e] Democratic gain.	▌ Y John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 86 votes ▌Clyde Dawson (Republican) 11 votes ▌Frank Catlin (Progressive) 1 vote ▌Hunter (Democratic) 1 vote^[5] In state election: ▌John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 47.34% ▌Clyde Dawson (Republican) 26.8% ▌Frank Catlin (Progressive) 23.48% ▌Mary Miller (Prohibition) 2.38%^[9]
Delaware	Harry A. Richardson	Republican	1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 29, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌ Y Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 28 votes ▌H. A. Richardson (Republican) 11 votes ▌John G. Townsend (Republican) 5 votes ▌Alfred I. du Pont (Republican) 3 votes ▌Alexander P. Corbit (Republican) 1 vote ▌Simeon S. Pennewill (Republican) 1 vote ▌Ruby R. Vale (Republican) 1 vote^[5]
Georgia	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (Appointed) 1907 (special)	Incumbent ran for re-election but the legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was then appointed to begin the term.^[5]	▌Augustus Bacon (Democratic)
Idaho	William Borah	Republican	1907	Incumbent re-elected January 14, 1913.	▌ Y William Borah (Republican) 75 votes ▌George A. Tannahill (Democratic) 2 votes ▌Kirtland I. Perky (Democratic) 2 votes^[5]
Illinois	Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	1882 1888 1894 1901 1907	Incumbent lost renomination. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. A new senator was later elected, see below.	▌Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) ▌Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) ▌Frank H. Funk (Progressive) ▌J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) ▌McDonald (Socialist) ▌Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican)^[5]
Iowa	William S. Kenyon	Republican	1911 (special)	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.	▌ Y William S. Kenyon (Republican) ▌D. W. Hamilton (Democratic)^[5]
Kansas	Charles Curtis	Republican	1907 (special) 1907	Incumbent lost renomination.^[e] New senator elected January 28, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e] Democratic gain.	▌ Y William H. Thompson (Democratic) ▌Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 3 votes ▌Henry J. Allen (Progressive) 1 vote^[10] In state election: ▌William H. Thompson (Democratic) 49.34% ▌Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 43.35% ▌Allan Ricker (Socialist) 7.32%^[11]
Kentucky	Thomas H. Paynter	Democratic	1906	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Ollie James (Democratic) 105 votes ▌Edwin T. Morrow (Republican) 28 votes^[2]
Louisiana	Murphy J. Foster	Democratic	1900 1904	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Maine	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed) 1912 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1913. Republican gain.	▌ Y Edwin C. Burleigh (Republican) 91 votes ▌Obadiah Gardner (Democratic) 82 votes ▌ E. M. Thompson (Progressive) 7 votes^[12]
Massachusetts	Winthrop M. Crane	Republican	1904 (Appointed) 1905 (special) 1907	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 14, 1913. Republican hold.	▌ Y John W. Weeks (Republican)160 votes ▌Sherman L. Whipple (Democratic) 80 votes ▌John Graham Brooks (Progressive) 5 votes ▌John A. Keliher (Democratic) 1 vote ▌Joseph C. Pelletier (Democratic) 1 vote ▌Scattering 25 votes^[12]
Michigan	William A. Smith	Republican	1911	Incumbent re-elected January 14, 1913.	▌ Y William A. Smith (Republican) 74 votes ▌Alfred Lucking (Democratic) 41 votes ▌Theodore Joslin (Progressive) 17 votes^[12]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e]	▌ Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 178 votes In state election: ▌Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.8% ▌Daniel Lawler (Democratic) 37.2%^[13]
Mississippi	LeRoy Percy	Democratic	1910 (special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 16, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌ Y James K. Vardaman (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
Montana	Joseph M. Dixon	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost re-election as a Progressive.^[e] New senator elected January 14, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Democratic gain.	▌ Y Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) Unopposed^[12] In state election: ▌Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 41.17% ▌Joseph M. Dixon (Progressive) 32.1% ▌Henry C. Smith (Republican) 26.73%^[14]
Nebraska	Norris Brown	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost renomination.^[15] New senator elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections. Republican hold.	▌ Y George W. Norris (Republican) Unopposed^[12] In state election: ▌George W. Norris (Republican) ▌Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic)^[16]
New Hampshire	Henry E. Burnham	Republican	1901 1907	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. New senator was elected late, see below.	▌Robert P. Bass (Progressive) ▌Sherman E. Burroughs (Republican) ▌Clarence Carr (Democratic) ▌Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) ▌John H. Bartlett (Republican) ▌Edward N. Pearson (Republican) ▌William Swart (Independent) ▌Henry B. Quinby (Republican) ▌Gordon Woodbury (Democratic)
New Jersey	Frank O. Briggs	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 28, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌ Y William Hughes (Democratic) 63 votes ▌Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 17 votes^[12]
New Mexico	Albert B. Fall	Republican	1912 (New state)	Incumbent re-elected June 6, 1912. Legislature invalidated the election. Incumbent then re-elected January 28, 1913.	January 28, 1913, election: ▌ Y Albert B. Fall (Republican) 43 votes ▌Scattering 25 votes^[12] June 6, 1912 election: ▌Albert B. Fall (Republican) 40 votes ▌W. H. Andrews (Republican) 2 votes ▌R. L. Byea (Republican) 2 votes^[2]
North Carolina	Furnifold Simmons	Democratic	1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.	▌ Y Furnifold Simmons (Democratic) 144 votes ▌Cyrus Thompson (Republican) 19 votes^[12]
Oklahoma	Robert L. Owen	Democratic	1907	Incumbent re-elected January 21, 1913.^[e]	▌ Y Robert L. Owen (Democratic)^[12] In state election: ▌Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 50.43% ▌Joseph Dickerson (Republican) 33.28% ▌John Wills (Socialist) 16.3%^[17]
Oregon	Jonathan Bourne Jr.	Republican	1907	Incumbent lost renomination and then lost re-election as Popular Government candidate. New senator elected January 21, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.^[e] Democratic gain.	▌ Y Harry Lane (Democratic)^[12] In state election: ▌Harry Lane (Democratic) 30.07% ▌Ben Selling (Republican) 28.79% ▌Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Popular Government) 19.41% ▌Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 8.31% ▌A. E. Clark (Progressive) 8.3% ▌B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 5.13%^[18]
Rhode Island	George P. Wetmore	Republican	1894 1900 1907 (No election) 1908 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 21, 1913.^[19] Republican hold.	▌ Y LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) 88 votes ▌Addison P. Munroe (Democratic) 42 votes ▌George W. Parks (Progressive) 7 votes^[12]
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	1894 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 28, 1913.	▌ Y Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed^[12]
South Dakota	Robert J. Gamble	Republican	1901 1907	Incumbent lost renomination.^[20] New senator elected January 22, 1913. Republican hold.	▌ Y Thomas Sterling (Republican) 97 votes^[21]
Tennessee	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 23, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌ Y John K. Shields (Democratic) 69 votes ▌Charles T. Cates Jr. (Independent Democratic) 61 votes^[6]
Texas	Rienzi Johnston	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 28, 1913. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Morris Sheppard (Democratic) Unopposed^[6]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early) 1899 (Early) 1906	Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1912.	▌ Y Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]
West Virginia	Clarence Watson	Democratic	1911 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 21, 1913.^[22] Republican gain. Winner took seat late.	▌ Y Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 60 votes ▌Clarence W. Watson (Democratic) 43 votes ▌Robert W. Dailey (Democratic) 1 vote ▌John W. Davis (Democratic) 1 vote ▌John W. Hamilton (Democratic) 1 vote^[22]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890 1893 (Lost) 1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected January 28, 1913.	▌ Y Francis E. Warren (Republican) 45 votes ▌John B. Kendrick (Democratic) 38 votes^[6]

Early election to the following Congress

In this early general election, the winner was seated in the 64th Congress, starting March 4, 1915.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Louisiana (Class 3)	John Thornton	Democratic	1910 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed^[2]

Elections during the 63rd Congress

In these elections (some special, some merely late), the winners were seated in 1913 after March 4.

Some of those five elections late and some special, some by legislatures before ratification of the amendment and some popularly thereafter:

• Two elections were late and elected by legislatures: New Hampshire and Illinois (Class 2)
• ▌One election was special and elected by a legislature: Illinois (Class 3)
• One election was late and elected popularly: Georgia
• ▌One election was special and elected popularly: Maryland

They are ordered here by election date, then by class.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect in time. New senator elected late March 13, 1913 on the 43rd ballot.^[23] Democratic gain.	▌ Y Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) 189 votes ▌John H. Bartlett (Republican) 121 votes ▌Henry B. Quinby (Republican) 18 votes ▌Edward N. Pearson (Republican) 14 votes ▌Robert P. Bass (Progressive) 12 votes ▌Scattering 17 votes^[12]^[24]
Illinois (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect in time. New senator elected late March 26, 1913. Democratic gain.	▌ Y J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) 164 votes ▌Frank H. Funk (Progressive) 22 votes ▌Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 9 votes ▌Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) 4 votes^[5]
Illinois (Class 3)	Vacant			1909 election of William Lorimer (R) had been voided July 13, 1912. New senator elected March 26, 1913. Republican gain.	▌ Y Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 143 votes ▌Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) 25 votes ▌Frank H. Funk (Republican) 22 votes ▌McDonald (Socialist) 4 votes ▌Scattering 2 votes^[5]
Elected by popular vote after ratification of the 17th Amendment
Georgia (Class 2)	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (Appointed) 1907 (special) 1913 (Appointed)	Legislature had failed to elect in time so the incumbent was appointed to begin the term. Interim appointee re-elected late June 15, 1913.	▌ Y Augustus Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed^[5]
Maryland (Class 1)	William P. Jackson	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected November 4, 1913 to finish the term ending March 3, 1917. Winner did not qualify until January 28, 1914.^[25] Democratic gain.	▌ Y Blair Lee (Democratic) ▌Thomas Parran Sr. (Republican)

Alabama

Main article: 1911 United States Senate election in Alabama

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama

Incumbent Senator John H. Bankhead had already been re-elected early January 17, 1911^[26] for the 1913 term.

Arkansas

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas

One-term incumbent Senator Jeff Davis died January 3, 1913. Democratic Governor of Arkansas Joseph T. Robinson appointed John N. Heiskell January 6, 1913, to continue the term just until a special election.

Arkansas (special)

Arkansas special election (class 2)

← 1909 January 24, 1913

Nominee William Kavanaugh Scattering Party Democratic Members' vote 77 58 Percentage 57.0% 43.0%

U.S. senator before election John N. Heiskell Democratic Elected U.S. senator William Kavanaugh Democratic

John N. Heiskell was not a candidate in the special election. On January 29, 1913, the Arkansas Legislature elected Democratic businessman and former judge William Marmaduke Kavanaugh just to finish the term that would end in March 1913.

Y William Kavanaugh (Democratic) 77 votes Others 58 votes^[5]

Arkansas (regular)

Arkansas general election (class 2)

January 24, 1913 1918 →

Nominee Joseph T. Robinson Stephen Brundidge Jr. Party Democratic Democratic Members' vote 71 36 Percentage 53.0% 26.9%

U.S. senator before election John N. Heiskell Democratic Elected U.S. senator Joseph T. Robinson Democratic

Neither Heiskell nor Kavanaugh were candidates in the general election. On January 29, 1913, the Arkansas Legislature elected the Democratic Governor Joseph T. Robinson to the next term. This would be the last senate election by a state legislature before the April 8, 1913, adoption of the 17th amendment. Robinson would later become leader of Senate Democrats and Senate majority leader.

Y Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 71 votes Stephen Brundige (Democratic) 36 votes Norwood 15 votes Kirby 8 votes Oldfield 1 vote Martin 1 vote Reid 1 vote Taylor 1 vote^[5]

Arizona

Arizona class 1 election

December 12, 1911, March 26, 1912 1916 →

Nominee Henry F. Ashurst Ralph H. Cameron Party Democratic Republican Electoral vote 54 0 Popular vote 10,872 9,640 Percentage 50.00% 44.33%

U.S. senator before election none Elected U.S. Senator To be formally determined by the Arizona legislature

Arizona class 3 election

December 12, 1911, March 26, 1912 1914 →

Nominee Marcus A. Smith Hoval A. Smith Party Democratic Republican Electoral vote 54 0 Popular vote 10,598 9,228 Percentage 50.35% 43.85%

U.S. senator before election none Elected U.S. Senator To be formally determined by the Arizona legislature

Main article: 1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona

See also: List of United States senators from Arizona and 1912 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona

Arizona became a new state February 14, 1912, with senators in classes 1 (ending 1917) and 3 (ending 1915). For the initial senators there was a popular vote held December 12, 1911 — before statehood — and the newly formed state legislature effectively ratified the popular votes March 26, 1912: Democrat Henry F. Ashurst (class 1) and Democrat Marcus A. Smith (class 3).

Henry F. Ashurst was elected to the Territorial House of Representatives in 1897. He was re-elected in 1899, and became the territory's youngest speaker. In 1902, he was elected to the Territorial Senate. In 1911, Ashurst presided over Arizona's constitutional convention.^[27] During the convention, he positioned himself for a U.S. Senate seat by avoiding the political fighting over various clauses in the constitution which damaged his rivals.^[28]

Arizona general election (Class 1)^[29]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst	10,872	50.00%
	Republican	Ralph H. Cameron	9,640	44.33%
	Socialist	E. Johnson	1,234	5.68%
Majority			1,232	5.67%
Turnout			21,746

Marcus A. Smith announced his candidacy for one of Arizona's two senate seats on September 24, 1911.^[30] As the campaign began, Smith abandoned his long standing conservative stand and declared himself a "Progressive".^[31]

Arizona general election (class 3)^[32]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Marcus A. Smith	10,598	50.35%
	Republican	Hoval A. Smith	9,228	43.85%
	Socialist	E. B. Simonton	1,221	5.80%
Majority			1,370	6.50%
Turnout			21,047

With the admission of Arizona as a state in 1912, the Arizona State Legislature confirmed the selection of Smith and Ashurst as the state's first U.S. senators on March 27, 1912,^[33] taking office April 2, 1912.

Arizona Senate election, March 23, 1912

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst	19	100%
	Democratic	Marcus A. Smith	19	100%

Arizona House of Representatives election, March 26, 1912

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Ashurst	35	100%
	Democratic	Marcus A. Smith	35	100%

Colorado

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado

On January 14, 1913, the Colorado General Assembly elected both of the state's senators: Governor John F. Shafroth for the class 2 seat (ending 1919) and Democrat Charles S. Thomas for the class 3 seat (ending 1915).

Colorado (regular)

 

Senator John F. Shafroth

 

Popular state election results by county
Shafroth:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Dawson:      30–40%      40–50%      60–70%

One-term Republican incumbent Simon Guggenheim chose to retire in the term beginning March 4, 1913.

In the 1912 state elections, Democratic Governor of Colorado John F. Shafroth won the popular vote.

Colorado popular vote, class 2^[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John F. Shafroth	118,260	47.34%
	Republican	Clyde Dawson	66,949	26.80%
	Progressive	Frank Catlin	58,649	23.48%
	Prohibition	Mary E. Miller	5,948	2.38%

The Colorado General Assembly ratified that decision January 14, 1913, by electing Thomas.

Colorado legislative vote, class 2 (combined votes of both houses)^[5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John F. Shafroth	86	87.8%
	Republican	Clyde Dawson	11	11.2%
	Progressive	Frank Catlin	1	1.0%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Colorado (special)

 

Senator Charles S. Thomas

Democrat Charles J. Hughes Jr. (D) had died January 11, 1911, and the seat remained vacant for two years because the Colorado General Assembly failed to elect a successor.^[5]

In the 1912 state elections, Democrat Charles S. Thomas (former Governor of Colorado) won the popular vote,^{[citation needed]} and the Colorado General Assembly ratified that decision January 14, 1913, by overwhelmingly voting for Thomas.

Colorado legislative vote, class 3 (combined votes of both houses)^[5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles S. Thomas	88	88.9%
	Republican	Waterman	9	9.1%
	Progressive	Vincent	1	1.0%
	Progressive	Stevens	1	1.0%
	Democratic gain from Vacant

Delaware

 

Senator Willard Saulsbury Jr.

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 1912 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Incumbent Republican Harry A. Richardson retired after one term in office.

Democrat Willard Saulsbury Jr. had been a member of the Democratic National Committee since 1908 and had run for U.S. senator in 1899, 1901, 1903, 1905, 1907, and 1911, but Republicans controlled the state legislature and he was unsuccessful. In 1913, however, Democrats were in control of the legislature, Saulsbury was the preference of most Democrats, and he obtained the required majority January 29, 1913, after several days of balloting. This election was the first time since 1883 that a Democrat won a full term for this Senate seat in Delaware.

Delaware legislative election^[5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Willard Saulsbury Jr.	28	53.8%
	Republican	H. A. Richardson	11	21.2%
	Republican	John G. Townsend	5	9.6%
	Republican	Alfred I. du Pont	3	5.8%
	Republican	Alexander P. Corbit	3	5.8%
	Republican	Simeon S. Pennewill	1	1.9%
	Republican	Ruby R. Vale	1	1.9%

Georgia

Georgia late election

← 1911 (special) June 15, 1913 1914 (special) →

Nominee Augustus Octavius Bacon Party Democratic Percentage Unopposed

U.S. senator before election Augustus Octavius Bacon Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Augustus Octavius Bacon Democratic

Main article: 1913 United States Senate election in Georgia

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia

The Georgia General Assembly failed to elect a senator, as Democratic incumbent Augustus O. Bacon's term ended. The Governor of Georgia therefore appointed Bacon to begin the term, pending a late election.

On June 15, 1913, Bacon was elected by the general populace without opposition, becoming the first senator elected under the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Bacon died in early 1914, however, leading to another interim appointment and eventual special election.

Idaho

See also: List of United States senators from Idaho and 1912 United States House of Representatives election in Idaho

Idaho (regular)

Idaho general election (class 2)

← 1907 January 14, 1913 1918 →

Nominee William Borah Kirtland I. Perky Party Republican Democratic Members' vote 75 2 Percentage 94.9% 2.5%

U.S. senator before election William Borah Republican Elected U.S. Senator William Borah Republican

First term Republican incumbent William Borah was easily re-elected over two Democratic challengers.

Idaho legislative election, class 2 (January 14, 1913)^[5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William Borah (incumbent)	75	94.9%
	Democratic	Kirtland I. Perky	2	2.5%
	Democratic	George A. Tannahill	2	2.5%
	Republican hold

Idaho (special)

Idaho special election (class 3)

← 1909 January 24, 1913 1914 →

Nominee James H. Brady James F. Ailshie Party Republican Republican Members' vote 43 7 Percentage 53.8% 8.8%     Nominee John F. Nugent Party Democratic Scattering Members' vote 5 25 Percentage 6.3% 38.7%

U.S. senator before election James H. Brady Democratic Elected U.S. Senator James H. Brady Republican

Two-term incumbent Republican Weldon Heyburn died October 17, 1912. Democratic lawyer and former-Judge Kirtland I. Perky was appointed November 18, 1912, to continue the term pending a special election.

Perky was not a candidate in the special election, which was won by Republican former-Governor James H. Brady. Brady would win re-election in a popular vote in 1914.

Idaho legislative election, class 3 (January 24, 1913)^[5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James H. Brady (incumbent)	43	53.8%
	Republican	James F. Ailshie	7	8.8%
	Democratic	John F. Nugent	5	6.3%
	Unknown	James E. Babb	5	6.3%
	Unknown	Robert N. Dunn	4	5.0%
	Unknown	E. H. Dewey	4	5.0%
	Republican	J. T. Morrison	3	3.8%
	Republican	Burton L. French	2	2.5%
	Democratic	James Hanrahan	2	2.5%
	Unknown	C. A. Beale	1	1.3%
	Unknown	George Fields	1	1.3%
	Unknown	J. F. Maclane	1	1.3%
	Unknown	T. L. Burkland	1	1.3%
	Unknown	W. C. Courtney	1	1.3%
	Republican gain from Democratic

Illinois

Main article: 1913 United States Senate elections in Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois

In the November 1912 state elections, the Republicans lost control of the state due to the Republican / Progressive split. But while the Democrats held a plurality of the Illinois General Assembly, they did not have a majority. The General Assembly took up the matter of electing the senators on February 1. The General Assembly therefore failed to elect until after the new congress began.

On March 26, in a compromise arranged by governor Dunne, the General Assembly elected Democrat J. Hamilton Lewis to fill the full-term seat and Republican Lawrence Y. Sherman to fill the two remaining years of a vacancy that had just recently opened.

Illinois (regular)

Illinois general election (class 2)

← 1907 March 26, 1913 1918 →

Nominee J. Hamilton Lewis Frank H. Funk Party Democratic Progressive Members' vote 164 22 Percentage 80.39% 10.78%

U.S. senator before election Shelby Moore Cullom Republican Elected U.S. senator J. Hamilton Lewis Democratic

On April 12, 1912, five-term Republican incumbent Shelby Moore Cullom lost renomination to Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Lawrence Y. Sherman in the Republican "advisory" primary, where the voters expressed their preference for senator but the decision was not binding on the General Assembly, which made the actual choice. Cullom had suffered politically over his support for the other Illinois senator, William Lorimer, who was embroiled in a scandal over alleged bribery in his 1909 election to the Senate.

After his defeat, Cullom withdrew his name from consideration by the General Assembly.

The Illinois General Assembly eventually elected the Democratic nominee, Congressman J. Hamilton Lewis March 26, 1913, who had also won the Democratic advisory primary, as the sole candidate on the ballot.

Illinois legislative vote, class 2 (March 26, 1913)^[34][5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	J. Hamilton Lewis	164	80.39%
	Progressive	Frank H. Funk	22	10.78%
	Republican	Lawrence Y. Sherman	9	4.41%
	Independent	Abstaining	5	2.45%
	Socialist	Bernard Berlyn	4	1.96%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Illinois (special)

Illinois special election (class 3)

← 1909 March 26, 1913 1914 →

Nominee Lawrence Y. Sherman^[35] Charles Boeschenstein Party Republican Democratic Members' vote 143 25 Percentage 70.10% 12.26%     Nominee Frank H. Funk Party Progressive Members' vote 22 Percentage 10.78%

U.S. senator before election Vacant Elected U.S. senator Lawrence Y. Sherman Republican

Three months after the primary in which Sherman defeated Cullom, the U.S. Senate invalidated Lorimer's 1909 election and declared the seat vacant.^[36] The Illinois Attorney General, William H. Stead determined that the General Assembly had failed to properly elect Lorimer in 1909 and so the Governor could not appoint a replacement.^[37] As a result, the General Assembly had a second Senate seat to fill.

Illinois special legislative vote, class 3 (March 26, 1913)^[38][5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Lawrence Y. Sherman	143	70.10
	Democratic	Charles Boeschenstein	25	12.26
	Progressive	Frank H. Funk	22	10.78
	Independent	Abstaining	9	4.41
	Socialist	McDonald	4	1.96
	Democratic	John Fitzpatrick	1	0.49
	Republican gain from Vacant

Iowa

Iowa election

← 1911 (special) January 21, 1913 1918 →

Nominee William S. Kenyon Daniel W. Hamilton Party Republican Democratic Members' vote 91 58

U.S. senator before election William S. Kenyon Republican Elected U.S. Senator William S. Kenyon Republican

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa

Incumbent Republican William S. Kenyon, who had just won a 1911 special election to the seat, was easily re-elected by the Iowa General Assembly over Democratic former congressman Daniel W. Hamilton.^[5]

Iowa legislative vote (in Iowa Senate)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William S. Kenyon (incumbent)	29	61.70%
	Democratic	Daniel W. Hamilton	18	38.30%

Iowa legislative vote (in Iowa House)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William S. Kenyon (incumbent)	62	60.78%
	Democratic	Daniel W. Hamilton	40	39.22%
	Republican hold

Kansas

Kansas election

← 1907 January 29, 1913 1918 →

Nominee William H. Thompson W. R. Stubbs Party Democratic Republican Electoral vote 160 3 Popular vote 172,601 151,647 Percentage 49.34% 43.35%

County results Thompson:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Stubbs:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Charles Curtis Republican Elected U.S. Senator William H. Thompson Democratic

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas

One-term incumbent Republican (and future Vice President) Charles Curtis lost renomination to Governor of Kansas Walter R. Stubbs, who then lost the general election to Democratic Judge William H. Thompson as Democrats took control of the Kansas Legislature in the 1912 state elections.

1912 Kansas popular election in Kansas^[11]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. Thompson	172,601	49.34%
	Republican	W. R. Stubbs	151,647	43.35%
	Socialist	Allan W. Ricker	25,610	7.32%
Total votes			349,858	100.00%

Kansas Senate election, January 28, 1913^[39]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. Thompson	40	100%
Turnout			40	100.0%

Kansas House of Representatives election, January 29, 1912^[39]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. Thompson	120	96.8%
	Republican	W. R. Stubbs	3	2.4%
	Progressive	Henry J. Allen	1	0.8%
Turnout			124	99.2%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Thompson would only serve one term, losing re-election in 1918. As of 2023, this is the last time the Democrats won the Class 2 Senate seat in Kansas. This represents the longest current winning streak of either party for a single Senate seat.

Curtis' political career, meanwhile, would rebound, as he was elected to Kansas' other US Senate seat, first by defeating Kansas' senior senator Joseph L. Bristow in the Republican primary, and then winning re-election nonconsecutively to the U.S Senate by a very narrow margin over two opponents, becoming the first Kansan to be popularly elected to the U.S Senate in a historic first. Curtis would serve in the Senate for three terms before resigning to become U.S. Vice President in March 1929, the first Native American to serve in that office.

Kentucky

Kentucky election

← 1906 January 16, 1912 1918 →

Nominee Ollie James Edwin P. Morrow Party Democratic Republican Senate ballot 31 (83.8%) 6 (16.2%) House ballot 74 (76.3%) 23 (23.7%)

Senate ballot   House ballot Blue denotes members voting for James and red denotes those voting for Morrow.

[[List of United States senators from {{{country}}}|U.S. senator]] before election Thomas H. Paynter Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Ollie James Democratic

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky

One-term Democrat Thomas H. Paynter retired and Democratic Representative Ollie James was easily elected January 16, 1912.^[2]

Kentucky legislative vote (in Kentucky Senate), January 9, 1912

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ollie James	31	88.6%
	Republican	Edwin P. Morrow	4	11.4%

Kentucky legislative vote (in Kentucky House of Representatives), January 9, 1912

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ollie James	74	75.5%
	Republican	Edwin P. Morrow	24	24.6%

The legislature formally elected James a second time January 16, 1912, to comply with a federal rule requiring an election on the second Tuesday after the meeting of the legislature.^[2]

Louisiana

Louisiana senators

 

Joseph E. Ransdell
Class 2: starting March 4, 1913

 

Robert F. Broussard
Class 3: starting March 4, 1915

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana

Louisiana held two elections May 21, 1912: an election for the class 2 term that would begin March 4, 1913, and an election for the class 3 term that would begin March 4, 1915.

Louisiana (regular, class 2)

In the class 2 seat, Democrat Murphy J. Foster lost renomination to fellow-Democrat Joseph E. Ransdell, who later was elected unopposed to seat.

Louisiana (regular, class 3)

In the class 3 seat, Democrat John Thornton retired. Fellow-Democrat Robert F. Broussard was elected unopposed, but he would have to wait until term began on March 4, 1915.

Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine, 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine, and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine

Five-term incumbent Republican William P. Frye had died August 8, 1911, and Democrat Obadiah Gardner was appointed September 23, 1911, to continue the term, pending a special election. In this election cycle, Gardner would first win the election to finish the term and then lose re-election to the next term.

Maine (special)

Maine special election

← 1907 April 2, 1912 1913 →

Nominee Obadiah Gardner Frederick A. Powers Party Democratic Republican Members' vote 98 56 Percentage 66.2% 33.8%

U.S. senator before election Obadiah Gardner Democratic Elected U.S. senator Obadiah Gardner Democratic

Democratic interim appointee Obadiah Gardner was elected April 2, 1912, to finish the term ending March 3, 1913.^[4][2]

Maine Senate vote (April 2, 1912)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Obadiah Gardner (incumbent)	20	76.9%
	Republican	Frederick A. Powers	6	23.1%

Maine House of Representatives vote (April 2, 1912)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Obadiah Gardner (incumbent)	78	60.9%
	Republican	Frederick A. Powers	50	39.1%
	Democratic hold

Maine (regular)

Maine general election

← 1912 (special) January 15, 1913 1918 →

Nominee Edwin C. Burleigh Obadiah Gardner Party Republican Democratic Members' vote 91 82 Percentage 50.6% 45.6%

U.S. senator before election Edwin C. Burleigh Republican Elected U.S. senator Obadiah Gardner Democratic

Democrat Obadiah Gardner lost re-election January 15, 1913, to Republican Edwin C. Burleigh for the term starting March 4, 1913.

"There was no choice in the separate balloting on January 14. The next day in joint assembly, [Burleigh was elected]."^[12]

Maine Legislature vote (January 15, 1913)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Edwin C. Burleigh (incumbent)	91	50.6%
	Democratic	Obadiah Gardner	82	45.6%
	Progressive	E.M. Thompson	7	3.9%
	Republican gain from Democratic

Maryland (special)

Maryland special election

← 1910 November 4, 1913 1916 →

Nominee Blair Lee Thomas Parran Sr. Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 112,485 73,300 Percentage 56.75% 36.98%

County results Parran:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Lee:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election William P. Jackson Republican Elected U.S. senator Blair Lee Democratic

Main article: 1913 United States Senate special election in Maryland

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland

Democrat Isidor Rayner died November 25, 1912, and Republican William P. Jackson was appointed to continue the term, pending a special election.

Democratic state senator Blair Lee was elected November 4, 1913.

1913 Maryland U.S. Senate special election^[40]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Blair Lee	112,485	56.75%
	Republican	Thomas Parran Sr.	73,300	36.98%
	Progressive	George Wellington	7,033	3.55%
	Socialist	Robert Fields	2,982	1.5%
	Prohibition	Finley Hendrickson	2,405	1.21%
Turnout			198,205
	Democratic gain from Republican

Lee presented his credentials to serve as senator on December 5, 1913, but he did not qualify until January 28, 1914, because Jackson claimed that "since [Jackson] had been appointed under the original constitutional provision, [Jackson] was entitled to hold his seat until the regularly scheduled adjournment date of the Maryland state assembly."^[25] The Senate considered Jackson's challenge but eventually rejected it and seated Lee.

Lee would only serve this one term, as he lost renomination in 1916.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts election

← 1905 (special) January 14, 1913 1918 →

Nominee John W. Weeks Sherman L. Whipple Party Republican Democratic Members' vote 160 80 Percentage 58.82% 29.41%

U.S. senator before election Winthrop M. Crane Republican Elected U.S. Senator John W. Weeks Republican

Main article: 1913 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Republican Winthrop M. Crane, who was first appointed in 1904, retired. Republican congressman from Newton, Massachusetts, John W. Weeks, was elected January 14, 1913, to succeed him. Republican Eben Sumner Draper had been considered a candidate for the seat, but the Republican party, then under the control of its hardline conservative faction (and in control of the legislature), chose Weeks instead.^[41]

1913 Republican nominating caucus^[42]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John W. Weeks	97	60.25%
	Republican	Samuel Walker McCall	57	35.40%
	Republican	Curtis Guild Jr.	5	3.11%
	Republican	George P. Lawrence	1	0.62%
	Republican	Robert Luce	1	0.62%
Total votes			161	100.00%

Massachusetts legislative vote (in Massachusetts Senate)^[43][5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John W. Weeks	26	66.67%
	Democratic	Sherman L. Whipple	11	28.21%
	Democratic	John A. Keliher	1	2.56%
	Democratic	Joseph C. Pelletier	1	2.56%

Massachusetts legislative vote (in Massachusetts House of Representatives)^[43][5]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John W. Weeks	134	57.51%
	Democratic	Sherman L. Whipple	69	29.61%
	Progressive	John Graham Brooks	5	2.15%
	Democratic	John F. Meaney	3	1.29%
	Democratic	James B. Carroll	3	1.29%
	Democratic	Charles A. DeCourey	3	1.29%
	Democratic	Charles Sumner Hamlin	2	0.86%
	Democratic	John A. Thayer	2	0.86%
	Democratic	John F. Fitzgerald	2	0.86%
	Republican	Curtis Guild Jr.	1	0.43%
	Republican	Robert Luce	1	0.43%
	Democratic	Philip J. O'Connell	1	0.43%
	Unknown	Olney	1	0.43%
	Democratic	Joseph Henry O'Neil	1	0.43%
	Unknown	Peters	1	0.43%
	Unknown	Pratt	1	0.43%
	Unknown	Sawyer	1	0.43%
	Unknown	Sweeney	1	0.43%
	Unknown	Williams	1	0.43%

Weeks would only serve for one six-year term. He would lose re-election in 1918 to Democrat David I. Walsh.

Michigan

 

Senator William A. Smith

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

Two-term Republican William A. Smith, whose Senate tenure began weeks before his first full-term began, was re-elected January 14, 1913.

•  Y William A. Smith (Republican) 74 votes
• Alfred Lucking (Democratic) 41 votes
• Theodore Joslin (Progressive) 17 votes^[12]

He would retire after this term.

Minnesota

 

Senator Knute Nelson

 

Popular state election results by county
Nelson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Lawler:      50–60%      60–70%

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota

Three-term Republican Knute Nelson was overwhelmingly supported in a 1912 popular election.

•  Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.80%
• Daniel W. Lawler (Democratic) 37.21%^[13]

The Minnesota Legislature unanimously ratified the popular vote January 21, 1913:

• Minnesota Senate:  Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 61 votes (Unanimous)
• Minnesota House of Representatives:  Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 117 votes (Unanimous)

Nelson later would be re-elected again in 1918 to a fifth term, before his 1923 death.

Mississippi

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

Mississippi election

← 1912 1 August 1911 1918 →

Nominee James K. Vardaman C. H. Alexander Party Democratic Democratic Popular vote 79,380 31,300 Percentage 60.04% 23.68%     Nominee LeRoy Percy Party Democratic Popular vote 21,521 Percentage 16.28%

U.S. senator before election LeRoy Percy Democratic Elected U.S. senator James K. Vardaman Democratic

One-term Democrat LeRoy Percy lost renomination in mid-1911 to white supremacist James K. Vardaman, who was then elected January 16, 1912, to the seat, unopposed.^[2]

Percy had won in 1910 (to finish a vacant term) despite Vardaman's support of a plurality of legislators (all white). The fractured remainder sought to thwart his extreme racial policies. A majority united behind Percy to block Vardaman's election. Percy had advocated education for blacks and worked to improve race relations by appealing to the planters' sense of noblesse oblige. Disenfranchisement of blacks made the Democratic primary the deciding competitive race for state and local offices in Mississippi.

In this rematch, Vardaman's campaign was managed by Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi (and future senator) Theodore Bilbo, who emphasized class tensions and racial segregation, attacking Percy as a representative of the aristocracy of the state and for taking a progressive stance on race relations.

Vardaman, however, would only serve one term, losing renomination in 1918, primarily due to his vote against entry into World War I.

Mississippi Democratic primary

Candidate	Votes	%
James K. Vardaman	79,380	60.04
C. H. Alexander	31,300	23.68
LeRoy Percy	21,521	16.28
Total	132,201	100.00
Source: ^[44]

Montana

 

Senator Thomas J. Walsh

 

Popular state election results by county
Walsh:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%
Dixon:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%
Smith:      40–50%
No Vote:      

See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 1912 United States House of Representatives election in Montana

One-term Republican Joseph M. Dixon ran for re-election as a Progressive, but lost to Democrat Thomas J. Walsh.

Montana popular election (November 5, 1912)^[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas J. Walsh	28,421	41.17%
	Progressive	Joseph M. Dixon (Incumbent)	22,161	32.10%
	Republican	Henry C. Smith	18,450	26.73%

The Montana Legislature then unanimously elected Walsh January 14, 1913.^[12]

Walsh would be re-elected four more times and serve for 20 years until his 1933 death. Dixon, meanwhile, would go on to become Governor of Montana from 1921 to 1925.

Nebraska

 

Senator George W. Norris

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska

First-term Republican Norris Brown lost renomination to George W. Norris, who was then elected January 21, 1913.

Nebraska Democratic primary (April 19, 1912)^[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ashton C. Shallenberger	27,581	57.61%
	Democratic	William H. Thompson	11,993	25.05%
	Democratic	Willis E. Reed	5,244	10.95%
	Democratic	Robert F. Smith	3,061	6.39%

Nebraska Republican primary (April 19, 1912)^[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George W. Norris	38,893	53.98%
	Republican	Norris Brown (Incumbent)	33,156	46.02%

Nebraska popular vote (November 5, 1912)^[45]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George W. Norris	126,022	52.96%
	Democratic	Ashton C. Shallenberger	111,946^[46]	47.04%

Despite the Democratic majority, the Nebraska legislature elected Republican Norris unanimously, upholding the popular vote.^[47]

"The Democratic Legislature will be called upon to elect a Republican for United States Senator. Ninety-five per cent. [sic] of the candidates for the Legislature, in accordance with the Oregon plan, signed "Statement No. 1," which provides that, in the event of election, they will vote for the candidate for United States Senator who obtains the preference vote of the people. Although Congressman Norris, a Progressive Republican, has won the preference vote, returns indicate that a Democratic legislature has been elected."^[48]

Norris would serve for thirty years, winning two more elections as a Republican and one as an Independent but losing re-election in 1942.

Nevada (special)

 

Senator Key Pittman

 

Popular state election results by county
Pittman:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%
Massey:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%

See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 1912 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada

Republican senator George S. Nixon died June 5, 1912. Republican former-judge William A. Massey was appointed July 1, 1912, to continue the term that would end in 1917, pending a special election. In November 1912, Massey lost the popular vote for the special election to Democratic attorney Key Pittman was elected by the Nevada Legislature January 28, 1913.

Nevada popular vote (November 5, 1912)^[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Key Pittman	7,942	39.78%
	Republican	William A. Massey (Incumbent)	7,853	39.34%
	Socialist	George A. Steele	2,740	13.73%
	Progressive	Sardis Summerfield	1,428	7.15%

Pittman had a small plurality in the November 1912 popular vote, but the legislature elected him almost unanimously.

Nevada Senate vote (January 28, 1913)^[49]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Key Pittman	20	90.9%
	Socialist	George A. Steele	2	9.1%

Nevada House of Representatives vote (January 28, 1913)^[50]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Key Pittman	50	98.0%
	Socialist	George A. Steele	1	2.0%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Massey died the next year, and Pittman would go on to serve for 27 more years and win re-election four times, serving as President pro tempore throughout the New Deal.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire election

← 1907 March 26, 1913 (late) 1918 →

Nominee Henry F. Hollis John H. Bartlett Party Democratic Republican Members' vote 189 121 Percentage 50.94% 32.62%

U.S. senator before election Henry E. Burnham Republican Elected U.S. senator Henry F. Hollis Democratic

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire

Two-term Republican Henry E. Burnham decided to retire. The New Hampshire legislature failed to elect a new senator after 42 votes, so the March 4, 1913, term begin with the seat vacant.

Finally, on March 26, 1913, on the 43rd vote, Democrat Henry F. Hollis was elected with the required majority, albeit slight. Hollis was a former candidate for U.S. House of Representatives (in 1900), and twice for Governor of New Hampshire (in 1902 and 1904).

New Hampshire legislative vote, class 2 (March 13, 1913)^[24][12]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Henry F. Hollis	189	50.94%
	Republican	John H. Bartlett	121	32.62%
	Republican	Henry B. Quinby	18	4.85%
	Republican	Edward N. Pearson	14	3.77%
	Progressive	Robert P. Bass	12	3.24%
	Republican	Sherman E. Burroughs	5	1.35%
	Democratic	Gordon Woodbury	3	0.81%
	Democratic	Clarence E. Carr	2	0.54%
	Unknown	William D. Swart	2	0.54%
	Republican	Thomas Chalmers	1	0.27%
	Republican	William Eaton Chandler	1	0.27%
	Republican	John Scammon	1	0.27%
	Unknown	Bertram Ellis	1	0.27%
	Unknown	Henry C. Wells	1	0.27%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Hollis would retire after a single term and be replaced, in a popular vote, by Republican Henry W. Keyes.

New Jersey

 

Senator William Hughes

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey

One-term incumbent Republican Frank O. Briggs lost re-election to Democratic state judge (and former member of the U.S. House) William Hughes. The New Jersey Legislature elected Hughes January 28, 1913.

New Jersey Senate election, January 28, 1913^[51]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William Hughes	12	57.14%
	Republican	Frank O. Briggs (Incumbent)	9	42.86%

New Jersey General Assembly election, January 28, 1913^[51]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William Hughes	51	86.44%
	Republican	Frank O. Briggs (Incumbent)	8	13.56%

New Jersey Legislative election, January 28, 1913^[51][12]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William Hughes	63	78.75%
	Republican	Frank O. Briggs (Incumbent)	17	21.25%
	Democratic gain from Republican

Briggs, died just a few months later on May 8, 1913. Hughes would not serve the complete term, dying January 30, 1918, just before the next scheduled election.

New Mexico

See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico and 1912 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico

New Mexico (initial)

 

Senator Albert B. Fall

 

Senator Thomas B. Catron

New Mexico became a new state January 6, 1912, with senators in classes 1 (ending 1917) and 2 (ending 1913). On March 27, 1912, the state elected its initial senators on the eighth ballot:^[52] Republican Thomas B. Catron, an early advocate for New Mexico statehood who had marshaled the territorial Republican Party to lobby Republicans at the national level for New Mexico's admission to the Union,^[53][54][55] and Republican Albert B. Fall, a powerful attorney, former territorial attorney general, future Secretary of the Interior, and instigator of the Teapot Dome scandal)

Catron made a personal alliance with Fall, ensuring that each of them would be elected. This alliance antagonized New Mexicans of Spanish heritage, who had hoped that one of their own would become a Senator.^[56]

Y Albert B. Fall (Republican) 39 votes (Class 2)  Y Thomas B. Catron (Republican) 38 votes (Class 1) Felix Martinez (Democratic) 25 votes Andrieus A. Jones (Democratic) 23 votes William G. Mills^[d] (Republican) 7 votes Herbert J. Hagerman (Progressive Republican) 3 votes L. Bradford Prince (Republican) 3 votes Eugene Romero (Republican) 3 votes W. H. Gillenwater (Progressive Republican) 2 votes O. A. Larrazolo (Republican) 2 votes Jose D. Sena (Republican) 1 vote^[2]

New Mexico (regular)

Fall's term would end in March 1913, so he was up for re-election shortly after his initial term began.

The bitterness over Catron and Fall's alliance made Fall a target of the local Republican Party, as they believed Fall had not contributed sufficiently to their efforts to secure New Mexico's statehood, and was not worthy of their nomination. The selection of Catron and Fall also disappointed Hispanics, who had hoped that one of their own would be selected. Fall was also severely disliked by Democrats.

After various votes, the legislature re-elected Fall January 28, 1913. Governor McDonald, on the advice of his Democratic legal advisor, Summers Burkhart, said that the legislature's procedure had been illegal, and failed to sign the credentialing papers in an attempt to oust Fall by forcing a special session of the legislature and a new vote.^[57] The attempt failed; Fall won the special legislative election.^[58]

North Carolina

 

Democratic primary results by county
Simmons:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Kitchin:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Clark:      30–40%      40–50%
No Vote:      

 

Senator Furnifold Simmons

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina

Two-term Democrat Furnifold Simmons was easily re-elected January 21, 1913. Simmons was a staunch segregationist, white supremacist and a leading perpetrator of the Wilmington insurrection of 1898.

North Carolina Democratic primary (November 5, 1912^[f])^[59]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Furnifold Simmons (Incumbent)	84,687	57.18%
	Democratic	William W. Kitchin (Governor)	47,010	31.74%
	Democratic	Walter Clark (State judge)	16,418	11.09%

North Carolina legislative election (January 22, 1913)^[60][12]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Furnifold Simmons (Incumbent)	144	88.34%
	Republican	Cyrus Thompson (N.C. Secretary of State)	19	11.66%

Simmons would be re-elected twice more after this and serve until 1931, when he fell out with the national Democratic Party.

Oklahoma

 

Senator Robert L. Owen

 

Popular state election results by county
Owen:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Dickerson:      40–50%      50–60%

See also: List of United States senators from Oklahoma and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma

One term Democrat Robert L. Owen was re-elected over token opposition from Governor of Oklahoma Charles N. Haskell in the Democratic primary and perennial Republican candidate Joseph Dickerson.

Oklahoma Democratic primary (August 6, 1912)^[61]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Robert L. Owen (Incumbent)	80,204	64.32%
	Democratic	Charles N. Haskell	44,483	35.68%
Turnout				7.52%

Oklahoma popular election (November 5, 1912)^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Robert L. Owen (Incumbent)	126,418	50.43%
	Republican	Joseph Dickerson	83,429	33.28%
	Socialist	John Wills	40,860	16.3%
Turnout				15.13%

Owen was formally and unanimously elected by the Oklahoma Legislature January 21, 1913.^[62][12]

Owen would run for U.S. president (failing to achieve his party's nomination), and then serve a third and final term as the young state's initial Class 2 senator, retiring in 1925.

Oregon

 

Senator Harry Lane

 

Popular state election results by county
Lane:      20–30%      30–40%
Selling:      20–30%      30–40%      40–50%
Bourne:      30–40%

See also: List of United States senators from Oregon and 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon

One-term Republican Jonathan Bourne Jr. had championed direct-election of senators but lost renomination as a Republican. He then ran in the popular election as a "Popular Government" candidate, but also lost re-election. Democratic Mayor of Portland Harry Lane was elected.

The ballot was cluttered. In addition to the Lane and Ben Selling, candidate of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, progressive Republicans had other electoral alternatives, including the candidate and the incumbent senator Jonathan Bourne Jr., who had failed to win the renomination of the Republican party and ran as the "Popular Government" nominee as a result. Meanwhile, Benjamin F. Ramp stood for the Socialists and yet another candidate was the nominee of the Prohibition Party.^[63] Each of these six candidates took more than 5% of the vote — a fact which enabled the Lane to win election with a plurality of the vote in solidly Republican Oregon.^[63] Intent on proving himself a man of the people, Harry Lane set what might be a record for campaign frugality in his victorious effort, with his entire race run for $75 plus travel expenses.^[64]

Oregon popular vote, class 2 (November 5, 1912)^[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Harry Lane	40,172	30.07%
	Republican	Ben Selling	38,453	28.79%
	Popular Government	Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Incumbent)	25,929	19.41%
	Socialist	Benjamin F. Ramp	11,093	8.31%
	Progressive	A. E. Clark	11,083	8.30%
	Prohibition	B. Lee Paget	6,848	5.13%
	Democratic gain from Republican

The Oregon Legislature thereupon elected Lane to the seat January 21, 1913,^[12] ratifying the popular selection made in the November 1912 elections.

Election by the Oregon Senate, January 21, 1913^[65]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Harry Lane	28	93.3%
	Republican	Ben Selling	2	6.7%

Both senators voting for Selling declared that they voted to protest a new system of nomination.

Election by the Oregon House of Representatives election, January 21, 1913^[66]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Harry Lane	59	98.3%
	Republican	Ben Selling	1	1.7%

Lane died in office on May 23, 1917.

Rhode Island

April 09, 2024