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1882–83 United States Senate elections

January 01, 1970

The 1882–83 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1882 and 1883, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[2] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

1882–83 United States Senate elections
← 1880 & 1881 Dates vary by state[a] 1884 & 1885 →
26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
39 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry B. Anthony[b]
(retired) 		George H. Pendleton[c]
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1863 March 4, 1881
Leader's seat Rhode Island Ohio
Seats before 37 37
Seats won 11 13
Seats after 37 36
Seat change 1
Seats up 11 14
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Readjuster Independent
Seats before 1 1
Seats won 1 0
Seats after 2 0
Seat change 1 1
Seats up 0 1
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Readjuster gain      Legislature failed to elect
Majority Party before election


Republican[1]

Elected Majority Party


Republican[1]

The Republicans retained a narrow majority — 39 (and later 40) out of 76 seats — with the Readjusters in their caucus.

Results summary edit

Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.

Parties Total
Democratic Independent Readjuster Republican
Before these elections 37 1 1 37 76
Not up 23 0 1 26 50
Class 1 (1880/81 → 1886/87) 9 0 1 15 25
Class 3 (1878/79 → 1884/85) 14 0 0 11 25
Up 15 1 0 13 29
Regular: Class 2 14 1 0 11 26
Special: Class 1 0 0 0 0 0
Special: Class 2 1 0 0 2 3
Special: Class 3 0 0 0 0 0
Regular election
Incumbent retired 3 1 0 3 7
Held by same party 2 0 — 2 4
Replaced by other party  1 Independent replaced by  1 Republican
 1 Republican replaced by  1 Democrat
 1 Democrat replaced by  1 Republican 		  3
Result 3 0 0 4 7
Incumbent ran 11 0 0 8 19
Won re-election 10 0 0 4 14
Lost re-election and gained by other party  1 Democrat replaced by  1 Readjuster   1
Lost re-election without an elected successor  1 Republican lost and legislature failed to elect  1
Lost renomination but held by same party 0 0 0 3 3
Result 10 0 1 7 18
Total elected 13 0 1 11 25
Net change  1  1  1     3
Result 36 0 2 37 75

Change in Senate composition edit

Before the elections edit

After the November 15, 1882 special election in Georgia.

D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D28
Ran 		D27
Ran 		D26
Ran 		D25
Ran 		D24
Ran 		D23 D22 D21 D20 D19
D29
Ran 		D30
Ran 		D31
Ran 		D32
Ran 		D33
Ran 		D34
Ran 		D35
Retired 		D36
Retired 		D37
Retired 		I1
Retired
Plurality, with Readjuster in caucus and VP tie-breaking vote ↓ RA1
R29
Ran 		R30
Ran 		R31
Ran 		R32
Ran 		R33
Ran 		R34
Ran 		R35
Retired 		R36
Retired 		R37
Retired
R28
Ran 		R27
Ran 		R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19
R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18
R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1

After the elections edit

D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D28
Re-elected 		D27
Re-elected 		D26
Re-elected 		D25
Re-elected 		D24
Re-elected 		D23 D22 D21 D20 D19
D29
Re-elected 		D30
Re-elected 		D31
Re-elected 		D32
Re-elected 		D33
Re-elected 		D34
Hold 		D35
Hold 		D36
Gain 		V1
R Loss 		RA2
Gain
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓ RA1
R29
Re-elected 		R30
Re-elected 		R31
Hold 		R32
Hold 		R33
Hold 		R34
Hold 		R35
Hold 		R36
Gain 		R37
Gain
R28
Re-elected 		R27
Re-elected 		R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19
R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18
R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1
Key:
D# Democratic
I# Independent
RA# Readjuster
R# Republican
V# Vacant

Race summaries edit

Special elections during the 47th Congress edit

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1882 or in 1883 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Iowa
(Class 2) 		James W. McDill Republican 1881 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 25, 1882.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.
  • ▌ Y James W. McDill (Republican)
  • ▌M. M. Ham (Unknown)
  • ▌Daniel Campbell (Unknown)[3]
Georgia
(Class 2) 		Benjamin H. Hill Democratic 1877 Incumbent died August 16, 1882.
Winner elected November 15, 1882.
Democratic hold.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.
Colorado
(Class 2) 		George M. Chilcott Republican 1882 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
Winner elected January 27, 1883.
Republican hold.
Winner did not run for re-election, see below.

Races leading to the 48th Congress edit

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1883; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama John Tyler Morgan Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Arkansas Augustus Garland Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Colorado Horace Tabor Republican 1883 (special) Incumbent retired.
Winner's election date unknown.
Republican hold.
Delaware Eli Saulsbury Democratic 1870
1876 		Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Georgia Middleton P. Barrow Democratic 1882 (special) Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1883.
Democratic hold.
Illinois David Davis Independent 1876 or 1877 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Republican gain.
Iowa James W. McDill Republican 1881 (Appointed)
1882 (special) 		Incumbent retired.
Winner elected January 25, 1882.
Republican hold.
Kansas Preston B. Plumb Republican 1877 Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1883.[4]
Kentucky James B. Beck Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Louisiana Joseph R. West Republican 1876 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Democratic gain.
Maine William P. Frye Republican 1881 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Massachusetts George Frisbie Hoar Republican 1877 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Michigan Thomas W. Ferry Republican 1871
1877 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1882 or 1883.
Republican hold.
Minnesota William Windom Republican 1870 (Appointed)
1871
1877
1881 (special) 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1883.
Republican hold.
Mississippi Lucius Q. C. Lamar II Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Nebraska Alvin Saunders Republican 1877 Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1883.
Republican hold.
New Hampshire Edward H. Rollins Republican 1876 Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss. 		None.
New Jersey John R. McPherson Democratic 1877 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
North Carolina Matt W. Ransom Democratic 1872 (special)
1876 		Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Oregon La Fayette Grover Democratic 1882 or 1883 Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1882.
Republican gain.
Rhode Island Henry B. Anthony Republican 1858
1864
1870
1876 		Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
South Carolina Matthew Butler Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Tennessee Isham G. Harris Democratic 1877 Incumbent re-elected in 1883.
Texas Richard Coke Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected in 1882.
Virginia John W. Johnston Democratic 1871
1877 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected early December 21, 1881.[5]
Readjuster gain.
Winner caucused with the Republicans.[5]
West Virginia Henry G. Davis Democratic 1871
1877 		Incumbent retired.
Winner's election date unknown.
Democratic hold.

Elections during the 48th Congress edit

In this election, the winner was elected in 1883 after March 4.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
New Hampshire Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Winner elected August 2, 1883.[6]
Republican gain.

Iowa edit

Main articles: 1882 United States Senate election in Iowa and 1882 United States Senate special election in Iowa

On January 25, 1882, the Iowa General Assembly elected James W. McDill (Republican) to finish the term over M. M. Ham and Daniel Campbell.[3] James F. Wilson (Republican) was elected to the full six-year term on January 25, 1882, over L. G. Kinne and D. P. Subbs.[3]

West Virginia edit

1883 United States Senate election in West Virginia
 
← 1877 January 23, 1883 1889 →
Needed to win: Majority of votes cast in each House of the Legislature
62 votes cast in the House, 32 needed
26 votes cast in the Senate, 14 needed
     
Candidate John E. Kenna George Loomis
Party Democratic Republican
House vote 37 votes
59.7% 		22 votes
35.5%
Senate vote 17 votes
65.4% 		7 votes
26.9%
U.S. senator before election

Henry G. Davis
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

John E. Kenna
Democratic

On January 23, 1883, each House of the West Virginia Legislature chose a senator to replace retiring incumbent, Henry G. Davis. In both chambers, the ballot was a three-way race between John E. Kenna, a Democratic congressman, George Loomis, a state judge and former state senator, and Berkeley County resident John Tabb Janney.[7] In the House, the final count was 37 votes for Kenna, 22 votes for Loomis, and 3 votes for Janney. In the Senate, the final count was 17 votes for Kenna, 7 votes for Loomis, and 2 votes for Janney.[8] Kenna, having received the majority of votes in both chambers, was declared duly elected as senator.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ And other dates for special elections
  2. ^ as Republican Conference Chair
  3. ^ as Democratic Caucus Chair

References edit

  1. ^ a b The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.
  2. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d Clark, p. 199
  4. ^ a b Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. ... Kansas: Standard Publishing Company. p. 757. ISBN 9780722249055.
  5. ^ a b Jones Salmon, Emily. "Harrison H. Riddleberger (1843–1890)". Encyclopedia Virginia/Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  6. ^ "A Long Dead-Lock Broken: Austin F. Pike Elected Senator from New-Hampshire". New York Times. August 3, 1883. p. 1. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  7. ^ Atkinson, George Wesley (1890). Prominent Men of West Virginia. W.L. Callin. p. 381.
  8. ^ Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of West Virginia. West Virginia Legislature. January 24, 1883. p. 100.
  • Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
  • Clark, Dan Elbert (1912). History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa.

January 01, 1970
1882, united, states, senate, elections, were, held, various, dates, various, states, these, senate, elections, were, prior, ratification, seventeenth, amendment, 1913, senators, were, chosen, state, legislatures, senators, were, elected, over, wide, range, ti. The 1882 83 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1882 and 1883 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock 2 In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 2 1882 83 United States Senate elections 1880 amp 1881 Dates vary by state a 1884 amp 1885 26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate with special elections 39 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Leader Henry B Anthony b retired George H Pendleton c Party Republican Democratic Leader since March 4 1863 March 4 1881 Leader s seat Rhode Island Ohio Seats before 37 37 Seats won 11 13 Seats after 37 36 Seat change 1 Seats up 11 14 Third party Fourth party Party Readjuster Independent Seats before 1 1 Seats won 1 0 Seats after 2 0 Seat change 1 1 Seats up 0 1Results of the elections Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Readjuster gain Legislature failed to electMajority Party before election Republican 1 Elected Majority Party Republican 1 The Republicans retained a narrow majority 39 and later 40 out of 76 seats with the Readjusters in their caucus Contents 1 Results summary 2 Change in Senate composition 2 1 Before the elections 2 2 After the elections 3 Race summaries 3 1 Special elections during the 47th Congress 3 2 Races leading to the 48th Congress 4 Elections during the 48th Congress 5 Iowa 6 West Virginia 7 See also 8 Notes 9 ReferencesResults summary editColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row Parties Total Democratic Independent Readjuster Republican Before these elections 37 1 1 37 76 Not up 23 0 1 26 50 Class 1 1880 81 1886 87 9 0 1 15 25 Class 3 1878 79 1884 85 14 0 0 11 25 Up 15 1 0 13 29 Regular Class 2 14 1 0 11 26 Special Class 1 0 0 0 0 0 Special Class 2 1 0 0 2 3 Special Class 3 0 0 0 0 0 Regular election Incumbent retired 3 1 0 3 7 Held by same party 2 0 2 4 Replaced by other party nbsp 1 Independent replaced by nbsp 1 Republican nbsp 1 Republican replaced by nbsp 1 Democrat nbsp 1 Democrat replaced by nbsp 1 Republican nbsp nbsp 3 Result 3 0 0 4 7 Incumbent ran 11 0 0 8 19 Won re election 10 0 0 4 14 Lost re election and gained by other party nbsp 1 Democrat replaced by nbsp 1 Readjuster nbsp nbsp 1 Lost re election without an elected successor nbsp 1 Republican lost and legislature failed to elect nbsp 1 Lost renomination but held by same party 0 0 0 3 3 Result 10 0 1 7 18 Total elected 13 0 1 11 25 Net change nbsp 1 nbsp 1 nbsp 1 nbsp nbsp nbsp 3 Result 36 0 2 37 75Change in Senate composition editBefore the elections edit After the November 15 1882 special election in Georgia D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28Ran D27Ran D26Ran D25Ran D24Ran D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D29Ran D30Ran D31Ran D32Ran D33Ran D34Ran D35Retired D36Retired D37Retired I1Retired Plurality with Readjuster in caucus and VP tie breaking vote RA1 R29Ran R30Ran R31Ran R32Ran R33Ran R34Ran R35Retired R36Retired R37Retired R28Ran R27Ran R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 After the elections edit D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28Re elected D27Re elected D26Re elected D25Re elected D24Re elected D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D29Re elected D30Re elected D31Re elected D32Re elected D33Re elected D34Hold D35Hold D36Gain V1R Loss RA2Gain Majority with Readjusters in caucus RA1 R29Re elected R30Re elected R31Hold R32Hold R33Hold R34Hold R35Hold R36Gain R37Gain R28Re elected R27Re elected R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Key D Democratic I Independent RA Readjuster R Republican V VacantRace summaries editSpecial elections during the 47th Congress edit In these elections the winners were seated during 1882 or in 1883 before March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Iowa Class 2 James W McDill Republican 1881 Appointed Interim appointee elected January 25 1882 Winner did not run for re election see below nbsp Y James W McDill Republican M M Ham Unknown Daniel Campbell Unknown 3 Georgia Class 2 Benjamin H Hill Democratic 1877 Incumbent died August 16 1882 Winner elected November 15 1882 Democratic hold Winner did not run for re election see below nbsp Y Middleton P Barrow Democratic data missing Colorado Class 2 George M Chilcott Republican 1882 Appointed Interim appointee retired Winner elected January 27 1883 Republican hold Winner did not run for re election see below nbsp Y Horace Tabor Republican data missing Races leading to the 48th Congress edit In these general elections the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4 1883 ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama John Tyler Morgan Democratic 1876 Incumbent re elected in 1882 nbsp Y John Tyler Morgan Democratic data missing Arkansas Augustus Garland Democratic 1876 Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y Augustus Garland Democratic data missing Colorado Horace Tabor Republican 1883 special Incumbent retired Winner s election date unknown Republican hold nbsp Y Thomas M Bowen Republican data missing Delaware Eli Saulsbury Democratic 18701876 Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y Eli Saulsbury Democratic data missing Georgia Middleton P Barrow Democratic 1882 special Incumbent retired Winner elected in 1883 Democratic hold nbsp Y Alfred H Colquitt Democratic data missing Illinois David Davis Independent 1876 or 1877 Incumbent retired Winner elected in 1882 Republican gain nbsp Y Shelby Moore Cullom Republican data missing Iowa James W McDill Republican 1881 Appointed 1882 special Incumbent retired Winner elected January 25 1882 Republican hold nbsp Y James F Wilson Republican L G Kinne Unknown D P Subbs Unknown 3 Kansas Preston B Plumb Republican 1877 Incumbent re elected January 24 1883 4 nbsp Y Preston B Plumb Republican 127 votes John Martin Democratic 20 votes J G Bayne Unknown 12 votes John A Anderson Republican 3 votes George W Glick Democratic 1 vote 4 Kentucky James B Beck Democratic 1876 Incumbent re elected in 1882 nbsp Y James B Beck Democratic data missing Louisiana Joseph R West Republican 1876 Incumbent retired Winner elected in 1882 Democratic gain nbsp Y Randall L Gibson Democratic data missing Maine William P Frye Republican 1881 special Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y William P Frye Republican data missing Massachusetts George Frisbie Hoar Republican 1877 Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y George Frisbie Hoar Republican data missing Michigan Thomas W Ferry Republican 18711877 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1882 or 1883 Republican hold nbsp Y Thomas W Palmer Republican data missing Minnesota William Windom Republican 1870 Appointed 187118771881 special Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1883 Republican hold nbsp Y Dwight M Sabin Republican data missing Mississippi Lucius Q C Lamar II Democratic 1876 Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y Lucius Q C Lamar II Democratic data missing Nebraska Alvin Saunders Republican 1877 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1883 Republican hold nbsp Y Charles F Manderson Republican data missing New Hampshire Edward H Rollins Republican 1876 Incumbent lost re election Legislature failed to elect Republican loss None New Jersey John R McPherson Democratic 1877 Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y John R McPherson Democratic data missing North Carolina Matt W Ransom Democratic 1872 special 1876 Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y Matt W Ransom Democratic data missing Oregon La Fayette Grover Democratic 1882 or 1883 Incumbent retired Winner elected in 1882 Republican gain nbsp Y Joseph N Dolph Republican data missing Rhode Island Henry B Anthony Republican 1858186418701876 Incumbent re elected in 1882 nbsp Y Henry B Anthony Republican data missing South Carolina Matthew Butler Democratic 1876 Incumbent re elected in 1882 nbsp Y Matthew Butler Democratic data missing Tennessee Isham G Harris Democratic 1877 Incumbent re elected in 1883 nbsp Y Isham G Harris Democratic data missing Texas Richard Coke Democratic 1876 Incumbent re elected in 1882 nbsp Y Richard Coke Democratic data missing Virginia John W Johnston Democratic 18711877 Incumbent lost re election Winner elected early December 21 1881 5 Readjuster gain Winner caucused with the Republicans 5 nbsp Y Harrison H Riddleberger Readjuster John W Johnston Democratic data missing West Virginia Henry G Davis Democratic 18711877 Incumbent retired Winner s election date unknown Democratic hold nbsp Y John E Kenna Democratic data missing Elections during the 48th Congress editIn this election the winner was elected in 1883 after March 4 State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history New Hampshire Vacant Legislature had failed to elect Winner elected August 2 1883 6 Republican gain nbsp Y Austin F Pike Republican 181 votes Hiram Bingham III Republican 112 votes Gilman Marston Republican 19 votes Edward H Rollins Republican 1 vote William S Ladd Republican 1 vote Aaron F Stevens Republican 1 voteIowa editMain articles 1882 United States Senate election in Iowa and 1882 United States Senate special election in Iowa On January 25 1882 the Iowa General Assembly elected James W McDill Republican to finish the term over M M Ham and Daniel Campbell 3 James F Wilson Republican was elected to the full six year term on January 25 1882 over L G Kinne and D P Subbs 3 West Virginia edit1883 United States Senate election in West Virginia nbsp 1877 January 23 1883 1889 Needed to win Majority of votes cast in each House of the Legislature62 votes cast in the House 32 needed26 votes cast in the Senate 14 needed nbsp nbsp Candidate John E Kenna George Loomis Party Democratic Republican House vote 37 votes59 7 22 votes35 5 Senate vote 17 votes65 4 7 votes26 9 U S senator before election Henry G Davis Democratic Elected U S Senator John E Kenna DemocraticOn January 23 1883 each House of the West Virginia Legislature chose a senator to replace retiring incumbent Henry G Davis In both chambers the ballot was a three way race between John E Kenna a Democratic congressman George Loomis a state judge and former state senator and Berkeley County resident John Tabb Janney 7 In the House the final count was 37 votes for Kenna 22 votes for Loomis and 3 votes for Janney In the Senate the final count was 17 votes for Kenna 7 votes for Loomis and 2 votes for Janney 8 Kenna having received the majority of votes in both chambers was declared duly elected as senator See also edit1882 United States elections 1882 United States House of Representatives elections 47th United States Congress 48th United States CongressNotes edit And other dates for special elections as Republican Conference Chair as Democratic Caucus ChairReferences edit a b The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 a b c d Clark p 199 a b Blackmar Frank Wilson 1912 Kansas A Cyclopedia of State History Embracing Events Institutions Industries Counties Cities Towns Prominent Persons Etc Kansas Standard Publishing Company p 757 ISBN 9780722249055 a b Jones Salmon Emily Harrison H Riddleberger 1843 1890 Encyclopedia Virginia Dictionary of Virginia Biography Retrieved March 4 2015 A Long Dead Lock Broken Austin F Pike Elected Senator from New Hampshire New York Times August 3 1883 p 1 Retrieved July 26 2016 Atkinson George Wesley 1890 Prominent Men of West Virginia W L Callin p 381 Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of West Virginia West Virginia Legislature January 24 1883 p 100 Party Division in the Senate 1789 Present via Senate gov Clark Dan Elbert 1912 History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa Iowa City Iowa State Historical Society of Iowa Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1882 83 United States Senate elections amp oldid 1209714062, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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