General elections were held in Italy on 26 October 1913, with a second round of voting on 2 November.[1] The Liberals (the former Ministeriali) narrowly retained an absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, while the Radical Party emerged as the largest opposition bloc. Both groupings did particularly well in Southern Italy, while the Italian Socialist Party gained eight seats and was the largest party in Emilia-Romagna.[2] However, the election marked the beginning of the decline of Liberal establishment.
The two historical parliamentary factions, the liberal and progressive Left and the conservative and monarchist Right, formed a single liberal and centrist group, known as Liberal Union, under the leadership of Giovanni Giolitti. This phenomenon, known in Italian as Trasformismo (roughly translatable in English as "transformism"—in a satirical newspaper, the PM was depicted as a chameleon), effectively removed political differences in Parliament, which was dominated by an undistinguished liberal bloc with a landslide majority until after World War I. Two parliamentary factions alternated in government, one led by Sidney Sonnino and the other, by far the larger of the two, by Giolitti. At that time the Liberals governed in alliance with the Radicals, the Democrats and, eventually, the Reform Socialists.[4] This alliance governed against two smaller opposition: The Clericals, composed by some Vatican-oriented politicians, The Extreme, formed by the socialist faction which represented a real left in a present-day concept.[4]
Electoral reform
Changes made in 1912 widened the voting franchise to include literate men aged 21, men who had served in the army or navy (regardless of whether they were 21 years old), and illiterate men over the age of 30.[3][5] This raised the number of eligible voters from 2,930,473 in 1909 to 8,443,205.[6] The electoral system remained single-member constituencies with two-round majority voting.[5]
1913, italian, general, election, general, elections, were, held, italy, october, 1913, with, second, round, voting, november, liberals, former, ministeriali, narrowly, retained, absolute, majority, chamber, deputies, while, radical, party, emerged, largest, o. General elections were held in Italy on 26 October 1913 with a second round of voting on 2 November 1 The Liberals the former Ministeriali narrowly retained an absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies while the Radical Party emerged as the largest opposition bloc Both groupings did particularly well in Southern Italy while the Italian Socialist Party gained eight seats and was the largest party in Emilia Romagna 2 However the election marked the beginning of the decline of Liberal establishment 1913 Italian general election 1909 26 October 1913 first round 2 November 1913 second round 1919 All 508 seats in the Chamber of Deputies255 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Third party Leader Giovanni Giolitti Costantino Lazzari Ettore SacchiParty Liberal Union Socialist Party Radical PartySeats won 270 52 62Seat change 59 11 14Popular vote 2 387 947 883 409 522 522Percentage 47 62 17 62 10 42 Swing 6 83pp 1 40pp 0 50ppPrime Minister before electionGiovanni GiolittiLiberal Union Elected Prime Minister Giovanni GiolittiLiberal UnionThere were episodes of violence during the election 3 Contents 1 Background 2 Electoral reform 3 Parties and leaders 4 Results 4 1 Leading party by region 5 ReferencesBackground EditThe two historical parliamentary factions the liberal and progressive Left and the conservative and monarchist Right formed a single liberal and centrist group known as Liberal Union under the leadership of Giovanni Giolitti This phenomenon known in Italian as Trasformismo roughly translatable in English as transformism in a satirical newspaper the PM was depicted as a chameleon effectively removed political differences in Parliament which was dominated by an undistinguished liberal bloc with a landslide majority until after World War I Two parliamentary factions alternated in government one led by Sidney Sonnino and the other by far the larger of the two by Giolitti At that time the Liberals governed in alliance with the Radicals the Democrats and eventually the Reform Socialists 4 This alliance governed against two smaller opposition The Clericals composed by some Vatican oriented politicians The Extreme formed by the socialist faction which represented a real left in a present day concept 4 Electoral reform EditChanges made in 1912 widened the voting franchise to include literate men aged 21 men who had served in the army or navy regardless of whether they were 21 years old and illiterate men over the age of 30 3 5 This raised the number of eligible voters from 2 930 473 in 1909 to 8 443 205 6 The electoral system remained single member constituencies with two round majority voting 5 Parties and leaders EditParty Ideology Leader Status before electionLiberal Union UL Liberalism Giovanni Giolitti GovernmentItalian Socialist Party PSI Socialism Costantino Lazzari OppositionItalian Radical Party PR Radicalism Ettore Sacchi GovernmentConstitutional Democratic Party PDC Social liberalism several GovernmentCatholic Electoral Union UECI Christian democracy Ottorino Gentiloni GovernmentItalian Reformist Socialist Party PSRI Social democracy Leonida Bissolati OppositionDemocratic Party PD Social liberalism several GovernmentItalian Republican Party PRI Republicanism Napoleone Colajanni OppositionConservative Catholics CC Clericalism several GovernmentResults Edit PartyVotes Seats Liberal Union2 387 94747 62270NewItalian Socialist Party883 40917 6252 11Italian Radical Party522 52210 4262 14Constitutional Democratic Party277 2515 5329NewCatholic Electoral Union212 3194 2320 2Italian Reformist Socialist Party196 4063 9219NewDemocratic Party138 9672 7711NewItalian Republican Party102 1022 048 15Conservative Catholics89 6301 799NewDissident Republicans71 5641 439NewIndependent Socialists67 1331 348NewDissident Radicals65 6711 3111NewTotal5 014 921100 005080Valid votes5 014 92198 32Invalid blank votes85 6941 68Total votes5 100 615100 00Registered voters turnout8 443 20560 41Source Nohlen amp StoverLeading party by region Edit Region First party Second party Third partyAbruzzo Molise UL PSI PRApulia UL PSI PRBasilicata UL PR PSICalabria UL PR PSICampania UL PR PSIEmilia Romagna PSI UL PRLazio UL PSI PRLiguria UL PSI PRLombardy PSI UL PRMarche UL PSI PRPiedmont UL PSI PRSardinia UL PSI PRSicily UL PR PSITuscany PSI UL PRUmbria PSI UL PRVeneto UL PSI PRReferences Edit Dieter Nohlen amp Philip Stover 2010 Elections in Europe A data handbook p1047 ISBN 978 3 8329 5609 7 Piergiorgio Corbetta Maria Serena Piretti Atlante storico elettorale d Italia Zanichelli Bologna 2009 a b Hershey Amos S 1914 The Recent Italian Elections American Political Science Review 8 1 50 56 doi 10 2307 1945387 ISSN 0003 0554 a b Italian Liberal Party Archived 2006 11 21 at the Wayback Machine Britannica Concise a b Nohlen amp Stover p1031 Nohlen amp Stover p1050 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1913 Italian general election amp oldid 1137477407, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
