fbpx
Wikipedia

1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom

November 25, 2023

The 1892 Session of the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the Longest Legislature, was a period from May 28, 1892, to January 14, 1893, in which the legislative assembly of the Hawaiian Kingdom met for its traditional bi-annual session. This unicameral[1][2] body was composed of the upper House of Nobles and the lower House of Representatives. This would be the first session during the reign of Queen Liliʻuokalani and the last meeting of the legislative assembly during the Hawaiian monarchy. Three days after the prorogation of the assembly, many of the political tension developed during the legislative debates and the queen's attempt to promulgate a new constitution while her legislators were not in session led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893.

The Legislative Assembly of 1892 met at the seat of government at Aliʻiōlani Hale (pictured) which was situated across the street from ʻIolani Palace

Members of this legislative session included citizens and subjects of the kingdom of either full or mixed Native Hawaiian, Euro-American and Asian descent, who were divided across different party lines. They included the insurgents who would play an eventual role in the deposition of the queen, and also the political resistance leaders who would lead the opposition to the overthrow and attempts to annex the Hawaiian Islands to the United States.

Background edit

 
Political cartoon depicting the coup d'état which resulted in the signing of the Bayonet Constitution, 1887

In 1887, King Kalākaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution under duress by the Hawaiian League, a group of foreign businessman and Hawaiian subjects of American missionary descent including Lorrin A. Thurston. This constitution limited the absolute power of the monarch and strengthened the power of the executive cabinet. It also raised property requirements for suffrage, disenfranchised many poor Native Hawaiians and naturalized Asian citizens, and gave the vote to unnaturalized foreign residents of European or American descent. It also changed membership in the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature, from life appointments by the king to elected offices for the first time. A new cabinet headed by Thurston was imposed on the king and the king's previous administration headed by Walter Murray Gibson was ousted.[3]

The instigators of this coup d'état formed the Reform Party, drawing its memberships from Hawaiian conservatives and citizens of foreign descent, and won the majority of the seats in the legislature in the election of 1887, which was mandated by the new constitution.[4][5] In the election of 1890, the Hui Kālaiʻāina (Hawaiian Political Association) and the Mechanics' and Workingmen's Political Protective Union joined together to form the National Reform Party in opposition to the Reform Party in this session. The Reform Party lost their majority control in the legislature and the Thurston cabinet was removed by a legislative vote of want of confidence.[6]

Following the prorogation of the legislature of 1890, King Kalakaua died while in San Francisco and was succeeded by his sister Queen Liliʻuokalani on January 29, 1891.[7]

Election of 1892 edit

The general election of 1892 proved the most contentious. The four major parties were the Reform, National Reform, National Liberal, and the Native Sons of Hawaii which ran the same candidates as the National Reformers. The National Reform Party became the administration or governmental party and gained the personal support of the new queen. They joined with the Reformers and Native Sons in opposing the more radical elements of the National Liberal. The National Liberal Party, which became the party of the opposition, advocated for increased Native Hawaiian participation in the government and a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution to replace the unpopular Bayonet Constitution. However, the Liberals soon became divided between radicals and more conciliatory groups. Joseph Nāwahī and William Pūnohu White became the leaders of the factions of the Liberals loyal to the queen against the more radical members led by John E. Bush and Robert William Wilcox, who were advocating for drastic changes such as increased power for the people and a republican form of government.[8]

The election resulted in a divided legislature, although the conservatives painted it as a victory for their coalition. It was hard to tell where the exact loyalty of many of the elected nobles and representatives lay because of internal disagreement. According to historian Ralph S. Kuykendall, "the party composition of the 1892 legislature (the forty-eight elected members) appeared to be: Reform Party, twenty-three; Liberal Party, thirteen; National Reform Party, nine; Independent, three".[9]

Legislative session edit

From May 28, 1892, to January 14, 1893, the legislature of the Kingdom convened for an unprecedented 171 days, which later historians such as Albertine Loomis and Helena G. Allen dubbed the "Longest Legislature".[10] This would be the first session during the reign of Queen Liliʻuokalani and the last meeting of the legislative assembly during the Hawaiian monarchy.[10]

At the opening of the legislature, forty-eight elected politicians, consisting of twenty-four nobles (including thirteen holdovers continued their terms from the 1890 legislature) and twenty-four representatives from the four main Hawaiian Islands met at the legislative halls of Aliʻiōlani Hale in Honolulu. The legislature met as a unicameral body composed of the upper House of Nobles and the lower House of Representatives with Noble John Smith Walker presiding as President of the Legislative Assembly and Noble John Kauhane as Vice-President. The body included politicians of Native Hawaiian descent, Euro-American descent, mixed Hawaiian and Euro-American descent, and even three members of Chinese-Hawaiian descent. The appointed cabinet ministers also had the right to participate as ex-officio members of the legislature with the right to vote on all matters except on votes for their removal. In the course of the session, five members would resign and three new members chosen in special elections to replace with two of the five members reclaiming their vacated seats.[11]

This session was dominated by political infighting within and between and the different parties. Debates heard on the floor of the houses concerned the popular demand for a new constitution, the passage of a lottery bill and an opium licensing bill, aimed at alleviating the economic crisis caused by the McKinley Tariff.[12] By the end of the session, the queen had also signed into law the lottery bill and opium licensing bill, which were extremely controversial in the foreign community and especially with the leaders of the Reform Party.[13]

Petitions asking for a new constitution were submitted by seven legislators: Noble David William Pua and Representatives Joseph Nāwahī, William Pūnohu White, Jose Kekahuna Iosepa, Anakalea Kauhi, T. S. Nahinu, Luther W. P. Kanealii and George Panila Kamauoha.[14][15] Attempts were made to call a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution in both the 1890 session and the 1892 session. Both National Liberals and National Reformers campaigned on the promise of a new constitution, however many National Reformers supported a middle path and advocated for changes via amendments. The conservative Reformers would not tolerate any changes to the existing constitution. There was also disagreement on the legality of how to execute the change. No clear comparable precedents existed, since previous constitutions had been promulgated by the sovereign.[16]

The main issue of contention between the new monarch and the legislators was the retention of her cabinet ministers; political division prevented Liliʻuokalani from appointing a balanced council. The 1887 constitution retained the monarch's right to appoint her own cabinet minister but gave the legislature the power to vote for the dismissal of her cabinet.[17] Seven resolutions of want of confidence were introduced during this session, and four of her self-appointed cabinets (the Widemann, Macfarlane, Cornwell, and Wilcox cabinets) were ousted by votes of the legislature.[18] During this session, Nāwahī also proposed a bill to the legislature to amend the constitution to give women the right to vote. The bill failed to pass. Had it been made into law, Hawaii would have preceded New Zealand as the first nation to allow women to vote.[19]

On January 13, 1893, after the legislature dismissed the Wilcox cabinet (which had political sympathies to the Reform Party), Liliʻuokalani appointed the new Parker cabinet, which had ties to the National Reform Party and consisted of Samuel Parker, as minister of foreign affairs; John F. Colburn, as minister of the interior; William H. Cornwell, as minister of finance; and Arthur P. Peterson, as attorney general.[20][21]

 
Queen Liliʻuokalani leaving Aliiolani Hale following the prorogation ceremony, 1893

The legislative assembly was prorogued January 14, at a noon ceremony officiated by the queen at Aliʻiōlani Hale, which was situated across the street from ʻIolani Palace.[22]

Aftermath edit

Following the prorogation of the legislative session, Liliʻuokalani attempted to promulgate a new constitution while the legislature was not in session. In reaction to the legislative stand still on the constitution convention bill, the queen met in secret with the two leaders of the Liberal Party: Representatives Nāwahī and White and Samuel Nowlein, the captain of her Royal Guards, to draft a new constitution.[23]

In the afternoon of January 14, she met with her cabinet ministers while members of Hui Kālaiʻāina and a delegation of native legislators marched to ʻIolani Palace with a sealed package containing the constitution for her to promulgate. According to historian William DeWitt Alexander, this was pre-planned by the queen.[24] However, she discovered the ministers were either opposed to or reluctant to sign the new constitution and the queen had to postpone her plans and dismiss the delegations of political leaders and the assembled crowds from the palace.[24] She later wrote, "I told them I would not have taken such a step if they had not encouraged me. They had led me out to the edge of a precipice, and now were leaving me to take the step alone."[25]

The political fallout of the queen's actions led to citywide political rallies and meetings in Honolulu. Anti-monarchists, annexationists, and leading Reformist politicians, including legislators Lorrin A. Thurston, William Owen Smith, and William Chauncey Wilder, formed the Committee of Safety in protest of the "revolutionary" action of the queen and conspired to depose her. In response, royalists and loyalists formed the Committee of Law and Order and met at the palace square on January 16. White, Nāwahī, Bush, Wilcox, and Antone Rosa and other pro-monarchist leaders gave speeches in support for the queen and the government.[26] These actions and the radicalized political climate eventually led to the overthrow of the monarchy, on January 17, 1893, by the Committee of Safety, with the covert support of United States Minister John L. Stevens and the landing of American forces from the USS Boston. After a brief transition under the Provisional Government, the oligarchical Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4, 1894, with Sanford B. Dole as president.[27][28] During this period, the de facto government was composed largely of residents of American and European ancestry, although a few Native Hawaiians from the 1892 legislature: John Ena, John Kauhane, and Jose Kekahuna Iosepa signed the constitutional convention for the Republic while Kauhane and George Panila Kamauoha would serve multiple terms in the legislature of the Republic.[29]

Many of the former legislators of the 1892 session, including Robert William Wilcox and Joseph Nāwahī, would lead the opposition to the overthrow and resistance to annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. In 1893, Nawahi and many former 1892 legislators founded the Hui Aloha ʻĀina (Hawaiian Patriotic League), a patriotic group founded to protest annexation, while Wilcox led an unsuccessful counter-revolution in 1895 to restore the monarchy.[30]

Members of the Legislative Assembly edit

House of Nobles edit

This incomplete breakdown of party allegiance are based on The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, a contemporary newspaper, reporting at the beginning of the legislative session and the report of Noble Edward C. MacFarlane in the Blount Report.[31][32]

Name District Party at election Party (Blount Report) Notes Sources
Robert Renton Hind Hawaii Reform Independent [33][31][32][34]
John Meirs Horner Hawaii Reform Reform [33][31][32][35]
John Green Hoapili Hawaii National Liberal National Reform [33][31][32][36]
John Kauhane Hawaii Reform Reform Served as Vice-President of the Legislative Assembly [33][31][32][37]
Joseph Marsden Hawaii Reform Reform [33][31][32][38]
Alexander Young Hawaii Reform Reform [33][31][32][39]
James Anderson Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform Reform [33][31][32][40]
Henry Perrine Baldwin Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform Reform [33][31][32][41]
William H. Cornwell Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform National Reform Resigned on November 1 and appointed Minister of Finance. Re-elected on December 5. [33][31][32][42]
William Yates Horner Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform Reform [33][31][32][43]
Lorrin A. Thurston Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform Reform [33][31][32]
Russell D. Walbridge Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform Reform [33][31][32][44]
Charles Otto Berger Oahu National Reform National Reform [33][31][32][45]
John Adams Cummins Oahu National Reform National Reform [33][31][32][46]
John Ena Oahu National Reform National Reform [33][31][32][47]
Charles Louis Kāmohoaliʻi Hopkins Oahu National Reform N/A Served from October 7 after the resignation of Macfarlane [33][48][49]
Edward C. Macfarlane Oahu National Reform National Reform Resigned on September 12 and appointed Minister of Finance [33][31][32][50]
C. B. Maile Oahu National Reform N/A Served from October 7 after the resignation of Neumann. [33][48][51]
Paul Neumann Oahu National Reform National Reform Resigned on August 29 and appointed Attorney General [33][31][32][52]
Arthur P. Peterson Oahu National Reform National Reform [33][31][32][53]
David William Pua Oahu National Liberal National Reform [33][31][32][54]
John Smith Walker Oahu National Reform National Reform Served as President of the Legislative Assembly [33][31][32][55]
John Norman Spencer Williams Oahu National Reform National Reform [33][31][32][56]
August Dreier Kauai and Niihau Reform Independent [33][31][32][57]
Paul P. Kanoa Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform [33][31][32][58]
Alexander M. McBryde Kauai and Niihau N/A N/A Served from December 19 when he replaced Wilcox after he was appointed Minister of the Interior [33][31][32][59]
George Norton Wilcox Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform Resigned on November 18 and appointed Minister of the Interior [33][31][32][60]

House of Representatives edit

Name District Islands Party at election Party (Blount Report) Notes Sources
Albert Horner, Jr. North Hilo Hawaii Reform Reform [33][31][32][61]
George Panila Kamauoha Kohala Hawaii National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][62]
John N. Kapahu Kau Hawaii National Liberal N/A [33][31][32][63]
John K. Kaunamano Hamakua Hawaii Independent National Reform [33][31][32][64]
K. M. Koahou Central Hilo Hawaii National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][65]
Joseph Nāwahī South Hilo Hawaii National Liberal National Liberal Resigned on November 1 and appointed Minister of Finance. Re-elected on December 24. [33][31][32][66]
James H. Waipuilani Kona Hawaii Reform National Reform [33][31][32][67]
William Edmonds South Wailuku Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform N/A [33][31][32][68]
Jose Kekahuna Iosepa Hana Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform Reform [33][31][32][69]
John Kaluna Makawao Maui, Molokai, Lanai Reform Reform [33][31][32][70]
Luther W. P. Kanealii North Wailuku Maui, Molokai, Lanai National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][71]
T. S. Nahinu[note 1] Molokai Maui, Molokai, Lanai Independent National Liberal [33][31][32][74]
William Pūnohu White Lahaina Maui, Molokai, Lanai National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][75]
Samuel K. Aki Ward 4, Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][76]
Clarence W. Ashford Ward 3, Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][77]
John W. Bipikane Ward 2, Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][78]
John E. Bush Ward 6, Koolau Oahu National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][79]
Anakalea Kauhi Ward 8, Ewa Oahu Independent Independent [33][31][32][80]
Samuel K. Pua Ward 5, Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][81]
Robert William Wilcox Ward 7, Waialua Oahu National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][82]
William Chauncey Wilder Ward 1, Honolulu Oahu Reform Reform [33][31][32][83]
Joseph Apukai Akina Waimea Kauai and Niihau National Liberal National Liberal [33][31][32][84]
William Owen Smith Lihue Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform [33][31][32][85]
Albert Spencer Wilcox Hanalei Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform [33][31][32][86]

Cabinet Ministers edit

See also: Liliʻuokalani's Cabinet Ministers

According to Article 42 of the 1887 Constitution, "The Cabinet holds seats ex officio, in the Legislature, with the right to vote, except on a question of want of confidence in them."[87] Each cabinet were named after the leading cabinet ministers.[21][88]

Name Position Assumed office Left office Party Notes Sources
The Widemann Cabinet
William Austin Whiting Attorney General February 25, 1891 July 27, 1892 National Reform [33][32][21][89]
Charles Nichols Spencer Minister of the Interior February 25, 1891 September 12, 1892 National Reform [33][32][21][90]
Hermann A. Widemann Minister of Finance February 25, 1891
January 28, 1892 		March 10, 1891
September 12, 1892 		National Reform Resigned in 1891 and reappointed in 1892 [33][32][21][88][91]
John Mott-Smith Minister of Finance July 28, 1891 October 17, 1891 Reform [33][32][21][88]

[92]

Samuel Parker Minister of Foreign Affairs February 25, 1891 September 12, 1892 National Reform First term, Parker also served as acting Minister of Finance between March 10, 1891 and July 28, 1891 after Widemann's resignation and between October 17, 1891 and January 28, 1892 after Mott-Smith's resignation [33][32][21][88][93]
The Macfarlane Cabinet
Paul Neumann Attorney General September 12, 1892 November 1, 1892 National Reform Former member of the House of Nobles [33][32][21][52]
Charles T. Gulick Minister of the Interior September 12, 1892 November 1, 1892 National Reform First term [33][32][21][94]
Edward C. Macfarlane Minister of Finance September 12, 1892 November 1, 1892 National Reform Former member of the House of Nobles [33][32][21][50]
Samuel Parker Minister of Foreign Affairs September 12, 1892 November 1, 1892 National Reform Second term [33][32][21][93]
The Cornwell Cabinet
Charles F. Creighton Attorney General November 1, 1892 November 1, 1892 N/A [33][32][21][95]
Charles T. Gulick Minister of the Interior November 1, 1892 November 1, 1892 National Reform Second term [33][32][21][94]
William H. Cornwell Minister of Finance November 1, 1892 November 1, 1892 National Reform First term. Former member of the House of Nobles. [33][32][21][42]
Joseph Nāwahī Minister of Foreign Affairs November 1, 1892 November 1, 1892 National Liberal Former member of the House of Representatives. [33][32][21][66]
The Wilcox Cabinet
Cecil Brown Attorney General November 8, 1892 January 12, 1893 Reform [33][32][21][96]
George Norton Wilcox Minister of the Interior November 8, 1892 January 12, 1893 Reform [33][32][21][60]
Peter Cushman Jones Minister of Finance November 8, 1892 January 12, 1893 Reform [33][32][21][97]
Mark Prever Robinson Minister of Foreign Affairs November 8, 1892 January 12, 1893 Reform [33][32][21][98]
The Parker Cabinet
Arthur P. Peterson Attorney General January 12, 1893 January 17, 1893 National Reform [33][32][21][53]
John F. Colburn Minister of the Interior January 12, 1893 January 17, 1893 National Reform [33][32][21][99]
William H. Cornwell Minister of Finance January 12, 1893 January 17, 1893 National Reform Second term. Former member of the House of Nobles. [33][32][21][42]
Samuel Parker Minister of Foreign Affairs January 12, 1893 January 17, 1893 National Reform Third term [33][32][21][93]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Sometime given as G. S. Nahinu.[72][73]

References edit

  1. ^ Osorio 2002, p. 118.
  2. ^ Van Dyke 2007, p. 145.
  3. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 344–372.
  4. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 406–410.
  5. ^ Osorio 2002, pp. 238, 245–248.
  6. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 448–455, 460–460.
  7. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 474–475
  8. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 514–522, 547, 554–555
  9. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 521.
  10. ^ a b Loomis 1963, pp. 7–27; Allen 1982, pp. 269–270
  11. ^ Kuykendall 1967, p. 521; Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, p. 182
  12. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 523–581; Loomis 1963, pp. 7–27
  13. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 543–545, 574–581.
  14. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 528–529, 548.
  15. ^ Liliuokalani 1898, p. 384.
  16. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 461–465, 547–548, 575–576.
  17. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 549–559
  18. ^ Moblo 1998, pp. 229–232
  19. ^ Steele, Julia (October–December 2020). . Hana Hou!. Vol. 23, no. 4. Honolulu. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  20. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 562–563, 573–581; Allen 1982, p. 174–175; Moblo 1998, pp. 229–232
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "A New Cabinet – Some New Ministers for the Public to Swallow". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Vol. XVII, no. 3277. Honolulu. January 14, 1893. p. 4. from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  22. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 579; Alexander 1896, pp. 30–31; "The Legislature". The Daily Bulletin. Honolulu. January 14, 1893. p. 3. from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
  23. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 582–586.
  24. ^ a b Kuykendall 1967, pp. 582–586; Allen 1982, pp. 281–282; Twigg-Smith 1998, pp. 64–67; Alexander 1896, pp. 29–36
  25. ^ Liliuokalani 1898, p. 385.
  26. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 586–594; Alexander 1896, pp. 37–51; Twigg-Smith 1998, pp. 135–166
  27. ^ Kuykendall 1967, pp. 586–605, 649; Loomis 1963, pp. 25–26
  28. ^ Silva 2004, pp. 129–163.
  29. ^ Blount 1895, p. 1371; Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, pp. 225–226, 231, 236, 239, 247
  30. ^ Silva 2004, p. 138; Blount 1895, pp. 1294–1298; "Patriotic Leaguers – They Determine On Secret Actions – A Demand for the Restoration of the Monarchy Favored". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. May 2, 1893. p. 5. from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax "List Of Candidates". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. February 3, 1892. p. 4. from the original on November 25, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2016.; "Legislature Of 1892". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. February 26, 1892. p. 1. from the original on November 25, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs Blount 1895, p. 1138
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, p. 182
  34. ^ "Hind, Robert Renton office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  35. ^ "Horner, John Meirs office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  36. ^ "Hoapili, J. G. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  37. ^ "Kauhane, J. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  38. ^ "Marsden, Joseph office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  39. ^ . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  40. ^ "Anderson, James office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  41. ^ "Balwin, Henry Perrine office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  42. ^ a b c "Cornwell, William H. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  43. ^ "Horner, W. Y. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  44. ^ "Walbridge, Russell D. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  45. ^ "Berger, Charles Otto office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  46. ^ "Cummins, John A. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  47. ^ "Ena, John office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  48. ^ a b Kuykendall 1967, pp. 554–555.
  49. ^ "Hopkins, Charles office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  50. ^ a b "Macfarlane, Edward Creamer office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  51. ^ "Maile, C. B. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  52. ^ a b . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  53. ^ a b "Peterson, Arthur P. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  54. ^ "Pua, David W. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  55. ^ "Walker, John Smith office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  56. ^ "Williams, John Norman Spencer office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  57. ^ "Drier, August office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  58. ^ "Kanoa, Paul Puhiula office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  59. ^ "McBryde, Alexander M. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  60. ^ a b . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  61. ^ "Horner, Albert Jr. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  62. ^ "Kamauoha, George P. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  63. ^ "Kapahu, J. N. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  64. ^ "Kaunamano, J. K. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  65. ^ "Koahou, K. M. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  66. ^ a b . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  67. ^ "Waipuilani, J. H. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  68. ^ "Edmonds, William office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  69. ^ "Iokepa, Joseph K. Sr. Rev. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  70. ^ "Kaluna, John office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  71. ^ "Kanealii, L. W. P. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  72. ^ "Hon. Nahinu In Town is in a Little Trouble for Visiting the Lepers Without a Permit". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. February 9, 1892. p. 2. from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  73. ^ "Molokai – The "Dark Horse" Got There – Election of Nahinu Confirmed – Nazareta, the Liberal Candidate Retired". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. April 11, 1892. p. 4.
  74. ^ "Nahinu, T. S. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  75. ^ "White, William office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  76. ^ "Aki, Samuel K. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  77. ^ "Ashford, Clarence W. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  78. ^ "Bipikane, J. W. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  79. ^ "Bush, John Edward office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  80. ^ "Kauhi, Anakalea office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  81. ^ "Pua, Samuel K. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  82. ^ . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  83. ^ "Wilder, William Chauncey Sr. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  84. ^ "Akina, Joseph A. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  85. ^ . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on April 3, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  86. ^ "Wilcox, Albert Spencer office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  87. ^ Blount 1895, p. 809.
  88. ^ a b c d "Minister of Finance office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  89. ^ . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  90. ^ "Spencer, Charles Nicholas office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  91. ^ . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  92. ^ "Mott-Smith, John office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  93. ^ a b c . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  94. ^ a b . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  95. ^ "Creighton, Charles F. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  96. ^ "Brown, Cecil office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  97. ^ . state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on April 3, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  98. ^ "Robinson, Mark Prever office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  99. ^ "Colburn, John F. office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. (PDF) from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2017.

Bibliography edit

  • Alexander, William DeWitt (1896). History of Later Years of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the Revolution of 1893. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Company. OCLC 11843616.
  • Allen, Helena G. (1982). The Betrayal of Liliuokalani: Last Queen of Hawaii, 1838–1917. Glendale, CA: A. H. Clark Company. ISBN 978-0-87062-144-4. OCLC 9576325.
  • Blount, James Henderson (1895). The Executive Documents of the House of Representatives for the Third Session of the Fifty-Third Congress, 1893–'94 in Thirty-Five Volumes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 191710879.
  • Hawaii (1918). Lydecker, Robert Colfax (ed.). Roster Legislatures of Hawaii, 1841–1918. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Company. OCLC 60737418.
  • Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1967). The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874–1893, The Kalakaua Dynasty. Vol. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-87022-433-1. OCLC 500374815.
  • Liliuokalani (1898). Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, Liliuokalani. Boston: Lee and Shepard. ISBN 978-0-548-22265-2. OCLC 2387226.
  • Loomis, Albertine (1963). "The Longest Legislature" (PDF). Seventy-First Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society for the Year 1962. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society. 71: 7–27. hdl:10524/35.
  • Moblo, Pennie (1998). "Institutionalising the Leper: Partisan Politics and the Evolution of Stigma in Post-Monarchy Hawaiʻi". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. Wellington: The Polynesian Society. 107 (3): 229–262. OCLC 6015242891.
  • Osorio, Jon Kamakawiwoʻole (2002). Dismembering Lāhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2549-7. OCLC 48579247.
  • Silva, Noenoe K. (2004). Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-8622-4. OCLC 191222123.
  • Twigg-Smith, Thurston (1998). Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter?. Honolulu: Goodale Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9662945-0-7. OCLC 39090004.
  • Van Dyke, Jon M. (2007). Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawai'i?. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3211-7. OCLC 257449971.

Further reading edit

  • Loomis, Albertine (1976). For Whom Are the Stars? An Informal History of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy in 1893 and the Ill-Fated Counterrevolution It Evoked. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii and Friends of the Library of Hawaii. ISBN 978-0-8248-0416-9. OCLC 2213370.
  • . Ka Huli Ao Digital Archives. Archived from the original on December 29, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  • . Ka Huli Ao Digital Archives. Archived from the original on December 29, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2017.

November 25, 2023
1892, legislative, session, hawaiian, kingdom, 1892, session, legislature, hawaiian, kingdom, also, known, longest, legislature, period, from, 1892, january, 1893, which, legislative, assembly, hawaiian, kingdom, traditional, annual, session, this, unicameral,. The 1892 Session of the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom also known as the Longest Legislature was a period from May 28 1892 to January 14 1893 in which the legislative assembly of the Hawaiian Kingdom met for its traditional bi annual session This unicameral 1 2 body was composed of the upper House of Nobles and the lower House of Representatives This would be the first session during the reign of Queen Liliʻuokalani and the last meeting of the legislative assembly during the Hawaiian monarchy Three days after the prorogation of the assembly many of the political tension developed during the legislative debates and the queen s attempt to promulgate a new constitution while her legislators were not in session led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17 1893 The Legislative Assembly of 1892 met at the seat of government at Aliʻiōlani Hale pictured which was situated across the street from ʻIolani PalaceMembers of this legislative session included citizens and subjects of the kingdom of either full or mixed Native Hawaiian Euro American and Asian descent who were divided across different party lines They included the insurgents who would play an eventual role in the deposition of the queen and also the political resistance leaders who would lead the opposition to the overthrow and attempts to annex the Hawaiian Islands to the United States Contents 1 Background 2 Election of 1892 3 Legislative session 4 Aftermath 5 Members of the Legislative Assembly 5 1 House of Nobles 5 2 House of Representatives 5 3 Cabinet Ministers 6 Notes 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 Further readingBackground edit nbsp Political cartoon depicting the coup d etat which resulted in the signing of the Bayonet Constitution 1887In 1887 King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution under duress by the Hawaiian League a group of foreign businessman and Hawaiian subjects of American missionary descent including Lorrin A Thurston This constitution limited the absolute power of the monarch and strengthened the power of the executive cabinet It also raised property requirements for suffrage disenfranchised many poor Native Hawaiians and naturalized Asian citizens and gave the vote to unnaturalized foreign residents of European or American descent It also changed membership in the House of Nobles the upper house of the legislature from life appointments by the king to elected offices for the first time A new cabinet headed by Thurston was imposed on the king and the king s previous administration headed by Walter Murray Gibson was ousted 3 The instigators of this coup d etat formed the Reform Party drawing its memberships from Hawaiian conservatives and citizens of foreign descent and won the majority of the seats in the legislature in the election of 1887 which was mandated by the new constitution 4 5 In the election of 1890 the Hui Kalaiʻaina Hawaiian Political Association and the Mechanics and Workingmen s Political Protective Union joined together to form the National Reform Party in opposition to the Reform Party in this session The Reform Party lost their majority control in the legislature and the Thurston cabinet was removed by a legislative vote of want of confidence 6 Following the prorogation of the legislature of 1890 King Kalakaua died while in San Francisco and was succeeded by his sister Queen Liliʻuokalani on January 29 1891 7 Election of 1892 editThe general election of 1892 proved the most contentious The four major parties were the Reform National Reform National Liberal and the Native Sons of Hawaii which ran the same candidates as the National Reformers The National Reform Party became the administration or governmental party and gained the personal support of the new queen They joined with the Reformers and Native Sons in opposing the more radical elements of the National Liberal The National Liberal Party which became the party of the opposition advocated for increased Native Hawaiian participation in the government and a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution to replace the unpopular Bayonet Constitution However the Liberals soon became divided between radicals and more conciliatory groups Joseph Nawahi and William Punohu White became the leaders of the factions of the Liberals loyal to the queen against the more radical members led by John E Bush and Robert William Wilcox who were advocating for drastic changes such as increased power for the people and a republican form of government 8 The election resulted in a divided legislature although the conservatives painted it as a victory for their coalition It was hard to tell where the exact loyalty of many of the elected nobles and representatives lay because of internal disagreement According to historian Ralph S Kuykendall the party composition of the 1892 legislature the forty eight elected members appeared to be Reform Party twenty three Liberal Party thirteen National Reform Party nine Independent three 9 Legislative session editFrom May 28 1892 to January 14 1893 the legislature of the Kingdom convened for an unprecedented 171 days which later historians such as Albertine Loomis and Helena G Allen dubbed the Longest Legislature 10 This would be the first session during the reign of Queen Liliʻuokalani and the last meeting of the legislative assembly during the Hawaiian monarchy 10 At the opening of the legislature forty eight elected politicians consisting of twenty four nobles including thirteen holdovers continued their terms from the 1890 legislature and twenty four representatives from the four main Hawaiian Islands met at the legislative halls of Aliʻiōlani Hale in Honolulu The legislature met as a unicameral body composed of the upper House of Nobles and the lower House of Representatives with Noble John Smith Walker presiding as President of the Legislative Assembly and Noble John Kauhane as Vice President The body included politicians of Native Hawaiian descent Euro American descent mixed Hawaiian and Euro American descent and even three members of Chinese Hawaiian descent The appointed cabinet ministers also had the right to participate as ex officio members of the legislature with the right to vote on all matters except on votes for their removal In the course of the session five members would resign and three new members chosen in special elections to replace with two of the five members reclaiming their vacated seats 11 This session was dominated by political infighting within and between and the different parties Debates heard on the floor of the houses concerned the popular demand for a new constitution the passage of a lottery bill and an opium licensing bill aimed at alleviating the economic crisis caused by the McKinley Tariff 12 By the end of the session the queen had also signed into law the lottery bill and opium licensing bill which were extremely controversial in the foreign community and especially with the leaders of the Reform Party 13 Petitions asking for a new constitution were submitted by seven legislators Noble David William Pua and Representatives Joseph Nawahi William Punohu White Jose Kekahuna Iosepa Anakalea Kauhi T S Nahinu Luther W P Kanealii and George Panila Kamauoha 14 15 Attempts were made to call a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution in both the 1890 session and the 1892 session Both National Liberals and National Reformers campaigned on the promise of a new constitution however many National Reformers supported a middle path and advocated for changes via amendments The conservative Reformers would not tolerate any changes to the existing constitution There was also disagreement on the legality of how to execute the change No clear comparable precedents existed since previous constitutions had been promulgated by the sovereign 16 The main issue of contention between the new monarch and the legislators was the retention of her cabinet ministers political division prevented Liliʻuokalani from appointing a balanced council The 1887 constitution retained the monarch s right to appoint her own cabinet minister but gave the legislature the power to vote for the dismissal of her cabinet 17 Seven resolutions of want of confidence were introduced during this session and four of her self appointed cabinets the Widemann Macfarlane Cornwell and Wilcox cabinets were ousted by votes of the legislature 18 During this session Nawahi also proposed a bill to the legislature to amend the constitution to give women the right to vote The bill failed to pass Had it been made into law Hawaii would have preceded New Zealand as the first nation to allow women to vote 19 On January 13 1893 after the legislature dismissed the Wilcox cabinet which had political sympathies to the Reform Party Liliʻuokalani appointed the new Parker cabinet which had ties to the National Reform Party and consisted of Samuel Parker as minister of foreign affairs John F Colburn as minister of the interior William H Cornwell as minister of finance and Arthur P Peterson as attorney general 20 21 nbsp Queen Liliʻuokalani leaving Aliiolani Hale following the prorogation ceremony 1893The legislative assembly was prorogued January 14 at a noon ceremony officiated by the queen at Aliʻiōlani Hale which was situated across the street from ʻIolani Palace 22 Aftermath editFollowing the prorogation of the legislative session Liliʻuokalani attempted to promulgate a new constitution while the legislature was not in session In reaction to the legislative stand still on the constitution convention bill the queen met in secret with the two leaders of the Liberal Party Representatives Nawahi and White and Samuel Nowlein the captain of her Royal Guards to draft a new constitution 23 In the afternoon of January 14 she met with her cabinet ministers while members of Hui Kalaiʻaina and a delegation of native legislators marched to ʻIolani Palace with a sealed package containing the constitution for her to promulgate According to historian William DeWitt Alexander this was pre planned by the queen 24 However she discovered the ministers were either opposed to or reluctant to sign the new constitution and the queen had to postpone her plans and dismiss the delegations of political leaders and the assembled crowds from the palace 24 She later wrote I told them I would not have taken such a step if they had not encouraged me They had led me out to the edge of a precipice and now were leaving me to take the step alone 25 The political fallout of the queen s actions led to citywide political rallies and meetings in Honolulu Anti monarchists annexationists and leading Reformist politicians including legislators Lorrin A Thurston William Owen Smith and William Chauncey Wilder formed the Committee of Safety in protest of the revolutionary action of the queen and conspired to depose her In response royalists and loyalists formed the Committee of Law and Order and met at the palace square on January 16 White Nawahi Bush Wilcox and Antone Rosa and other pro monarchist leaders gave speeches in support for the queen and the government 26 These actions and the radicalized political climate eventually led to the overthrow of the monarchy on January 17 1893 by the Committee of Safety with the covert support of United States Minister John L Stevens and the landing of American forces from the USS Boston After a brief transition under the Provisional Government the oligarchical Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4 1894 with Sanford B Dole as president 27 28 During this period the de facto government was composed largely of residents of American and European ancestry although a few Native Hawaiians from the 1892 legislature John Ena John Kauhane and Jose Kekahuna Iosepa signed the constitutional convention for the Republic while Kauhane and George Panila Kamauoha would serve multiple terms in the legislature of the Republic 29 Many of the former legislators of the 1892 session including Robert William Wilcox and Joseph Nawahi would lead the opposition to the overthrow and resistance to annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States In 1893 Nawahi and many former 1892 legislators founded the Hui Aloha ʻAina Hawaiian Patriotic League a patriotic group founded to protest annexation while Wilcox led an unsuccessful counter revolution in 1895 to restore the monarchy 30 Members of the Legislative Assembly editHouse of Nobles edit This incomplete breakdown of party allegiance are based on The Pacific Commercial Advertiser a contemporary newspaper reporting at the beginning of the legislative session and the report of Noble Edward C MacFarlane in the Blount Report 31 32 Name District Party at election Party Blount Report Notes SourcesRobert Renton Hind Hawaii Reform Independent 33 31 32 34 John Meirs Horner Hawaii Reform Reform 33 31 32 35 John Green Hoapili Hawaii National Liberal National Reform 33 31 32 36 John Kauhane Hawaii Reform Reform Served as Vice President of the Legislative Assembly 33 31 32 37 Joseph Marsden Hawaii Reform Reform 33 31 32 38 Alexander Young Hawaii Reform Reform 33 31 32 39 James Anderson Maui Molokai Lanai Reform Reform 33 31 32 40 Henry Perrine Baldwin Maui Molokai Lanai Reform Reform 33 31 32 41 William H Cornwell Maui Molokai Lanai Reform National Reform Resigned on November 1 and appointed Minister of Finance Re elected on December 5 33 31 32 42 William Yates Horner Maui Molokai Lanai Reform Reform 33 31 32 43 Lorrin A Thurston Maui Molokai Lanai Reform Reform 33 31 32 Russell D Walbridge Maui Molokai Lanai Reform Reform 33 31 32 44 Charles Otto Berger Oahu National Reform National Reform 33 31 32 45 John Adams Cummins Oahu National Reform National Reform 33 31 32 46 John Ena Oahu National Reform National Reform 33 31 32 47 Charles Louis Kamohoaliʻi Hopkins Oahu National Reform N A Served from October 7 after the resignation of Macfarlane 33 48 49 Edward C Macfarlane Oahu National Reform National Reform Resigned on September 12 and appointed Minister of Finance 33 31 32 50 C B Maile Oahu National Reform N A Served from October 7 after the resignation of Neumann 33 48 51 Paul Neumann Oahu National Reform National Reform Resigned on August 29 and appointed Attorney General 33 31 32 52 Arthur P Peterson Oahu National Reform National Reform 33 31 32 53 David William Pua Oahu National Liberal National Reform 33 31 32 54 John Smith Walker Oahu National Reform National Reform Served as President of the Legislative Assembly 33 31 32 55 John Norman Spencer Williams Oahu National Reform National Reform 33 31 32 56 August Dreier Kauai and Niihau Reform Independent 33 31 32 57 Paul P Kanoa Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform 33 31 32 58 Alexander M McBryde Kauai and Niihau N A N A Served from December 19 when he replaced Wilcox after he was appointed Minister of the Interior 33 31 32 59 George Norton Wilcox Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform Resigned on November 18 and appointed Minister of the Interior 33 31 32 60 House of Representatives edit Name District Islands Party at election Party Blount Report Notes SourcesAlbert Horner Jr North Hilo Hawaii Reform Reform 33 31 32 61 George Panila Kamauoha Kohala Hawaii National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 62 John N Kapahu Kau Hawaii National Liberal N A 33 31 32 63 John K Kaunamano Hamakua Hawaii Independent National Reform 33 31 32 64 K M Koahou Central Hilo Hawaii National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 65 Joseph Nawahi South Hilo Hawaii National Liberal National Liberal Resigned on November 1 and appointed Minister of Finance Re elected on December 24 33 31 32 66 James H Waipuilani Kona Hawaii Reform National Reform 33 31 32 67 William Edmonds South Wailuku Maui Molokai Lanai Reform N A 33 31 32 68 Jose Kekahuna Iosepa Hana Maui Molokai Lanai Reform Reform 33 31 32 69 John Kaluna Makawao Maui Molokai Lanai Reform Reform 33 31 32 70 Luther W P Kanealii North Wailuku Maui Molokai Lanai National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 71 T S Nahinu note 1 Molokai Maui Molokai Lanai Independent National Liberal 33 31 32 74 William Punohu White Lahaina Maui Molokai Lanai National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 75 Samuel K Aki Ward 4 Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 76 Clarence W Ashford Ward 3 Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 77 John W Bipikane Ward 2 Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 78 John E Bush Ward 6 Koolau Oahu National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 79 Anakalea Kauhi Ward 8 Ewa Oahu Independent Independent 33 31 32 80 Samuel K Pua Ward 5 Honolulu Oahu National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 81 Robert William Wilcox Ward 7 Waialua Oahu National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 82 William Chauncey Wilder Ward 1 Honolulu Oahu Reform Reform 33 31 32 83 Joseph Apukai Akina Waimea Kauai and Niihau National Liberal National Liberal 33 31 32 84 William Owen Smith Lihue Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform 33 31 32 85 Albert Spencer Wilcox Hanalei Kauai and Niihau Reform Reform 33 31 32 86 Cabinet Ministers edit See also Liliʻuokalani s Cabinet Ministers According to Article 42 of the 1887 Constitution The Cabinet holds seats ex officio in the Legislature with the right to vote except on a question of want of confidence in them 87 Each cabinet were named after the leading cabinet ministers 21 88 Name Position Assumed office Left office Party Notes SourcesThe Widemann CabinetWilliam Austin Whiting Attorney General February 25 1891 July 27 1892 National Reform 33 32 21 89 Charles Nichols Spencer Minister of the Interior February 25 1891 September 12 1892 National Reform 33 32 21 90 Hermann A Widemann Minister of Finance February 25 1891January 28 1892 March 10 1891September 12 1892 National Reform Resigned in 1891 and reappointed in 1892 33 32 21 88 91 John Mott Smith Minister of Finance July 28 1891 October 17 1891 Reform 33 32 21 88 92 Samuel Parker Minister of Foreign Affairs February 25 1891 September 12 1892 National Reform First term Parker also served as acting Minister of Finance between March 10 1891 and July 28 1891 after Widemann s resignation and between October 17 1891 and January 28 1892 after Mott Smith s resignation 33 32 21 88 93 The Macfarlane CabinetPaul Neumann Attorney General September 12 1892 November 1 1892 National Reform Former member of the House of Nobles 33 32 21 52 Charles T Gulick Minister of the Interior September 12 1892 November 1 1892 National Reform First term 33 32 21 94 Edward C Macfarlane Minister of Finance September 12 1892 November 1 1892 National Reform Former member of the House of Nobles 33 32 21 50 Samuel Parker Minister of Foreign Affairs September 12 1892 November 1 1892 National Reform Second term 33 32 21 93 The Cornwell CabinetCharles F Creighton Attorney General November 1 1892 November 1 1892 N A 33 32 21 95 Charles T Gulick Minister of the Interior November 1 1892 November 1 1892 National Reform Second term 33 32 21 94 William H Cornwell Minister of Finance November 1 1892 November 1 1892 National Reform First term Former member of the House of Nobles 33 32 21 42 Joseph Nawahi Minister of Foreign Affairs November 1 1892 November 1 1892 National Liberal Former member of the House of Representatives 33 32 21 66 The Wilcox CabinetCecil Brown Attorney General November 8 1892 January 12 1893 Reform 33 32 21 96 George Norton Wilcox Minister of the Interior November 8 1892 January 12 1893 Reform 33 32 21 60 Peter Cushman Jones Minister of Finance November 8 1892 January 12 1893 Reform 33 32 21 97 Mark Prever Robinson Minister of Foreign Affairs November 8 1892 January 12 1893 Reform 33 32 21 98 The Parker CabinetArthur P Peterson Attorney General January 12 1893 January 17 1893 National Reform 33 32 21 53 John F Colburn Minister of the Interior January 12 1893 January 17 1893 National Reform 33 32 21 99 William H Cornwell Minister of Finance January 12 1893 January 17 1893 National Reform Second term Former member of the House of Nobles 33 32 21 42 Samuel Parker Minister of Foreign Affairs January 12 1893 January 17 1893 National Reform Third term 33 32 21 93 Notes edit Sometime given as G S Nahinu 72 73 References edit Osorio 2002 p 118 Van Dyke 2007 p 145 Kuykendall 1967 pp 344 372 Kuykendall 1967 pp 406 410 Osorio 2002 pp 238 245 248 Kuykendall 1967 pp 448 455 460 460 Kuykendall 1967 pp 474 475 Kuykendall 1967 pp 514 522 547 554 555 Kuykendall 1967 p 521 a b Loomis 1963 pp 7 27 Allen 1982 pp 269 270 Kuykendall 1967 p 521 Hawaii amp Lydecker 1918 p 182 Kuykendall 1967 pp 523 581 Loomis 1963 pp 7 27 Kuykendall 1967 pp 543 545 574 581 Kuykendall 1967 pp 528 529 548 Liliuokalani 1898 p 384 Kuykendall 1967 pp 461 465 547 548 575 576 Kuykendall 1967 pp 549 559 Moblo 1998 pp 229 232 Steele Julia October December 2020 Daughters of Haumea Women power and the fight for suffrage in Hawaiʻi Hana Hou Vol 23 no 4 Honolulu Archived from the original on May 15 2022 Retrieved December 11 2020 Kuykendall 1967 pp 562 563 573 581 Allen 1982 p 174 175 Moblo 1998 pp 229 232 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w A New Cabinet Some New Ministers for the Public to Swallow The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Vol XVII no 3277 Honolulu January 14 1893 p 4 Archived from the original on January 9 2017 Retrieved November 12 2016 Kuykendall 1967 pp 579 Alexander 1896 pp 30 31 The Legislature The Daily Bulletin Honolulu January 14 1893 p 3 Archived from the original on December 26 2017 Retrieved December 25 2016 Kuykendall 1967 pp 582 586 a b Kuykendall 1967 pp 582 586 Allen 1982 pp 281 282 Twigg Smith 1998 pp 64 67 Alexander 1896 pp 29 36 Liliuokalani 1898 p 385 Kuykendall 1967 pp 586 594 Alexander 1896 pp 37 51 Twigg Smith 1998 pp 135 166 Kuykendall 1967 pp 586 605 649 Loomis 1963 pp 25 26 Silva 2004 pp 129 163 Blount 1895 p 1371 Hawaii amp Lydecker 1918 pp 225 226 231 236 239 247 Silva 2004 p 138 Blount 1895 pp 1294 1298 Patriotic Leaguers They Determine On Secret Actions A Demand for the Restoration of the Monarchy Favored The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu May 2 1893 p 5 Archived from the original on December 26 2017 Retrieved February 8 2017 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax List Of Candidates The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu February 3 1892 p 4 Archived from the original on November 25 2017 Retrieved December 14 2016 Legislature Of 1892 The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu February 26 1892 p 1 Archived from the original on November 25 2017 Retrieved December 14 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs Blount 1895 p 1138 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt Hawaii amp Lydecker 1918 p 182 Hind Robert Renton office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Horner John Meirs office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Hoapili J G office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Kauhane J office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Marsden Joseph office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Young Alexander office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 Anderson James office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Balwin Henry Perrine office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 a b c Cornwell William H office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Horner W Y office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Walbridge Russell D office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Berger Charles Otto office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Cummins John A office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Ena John office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 a b Kuykendall 1967 pp 554 555 Hopkins Charles office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 11 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 a b Macfarlane Edward Creamer office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 5 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Maile C B office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 11 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 a b Neumann Paul office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 a b Peterson Arthur P office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Pua David W office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 8 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Walker John Smith office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Williams John Norman Spencer office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Drier August office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Kanoa Paul Puhiula office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 McBryde Alexander M office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 a b Wilcox George N office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 Horner Albert Jr office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Kamauoha George P office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 7 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Kapahu J N office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on August 22 2018 Retrieved February 3 2017 Kaunamano J K office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Koahou K M office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 a b Nawahi Joseph office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 Waipuilani J H office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on August 22 2018 Retrieved February 3 2017 Edmonds William office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Iokepa Joseph K Sr Rev office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on August 22 2018 Retrieved February 3 2017 Kaluna John office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on August 22 2018 Retrieved February 3 2017 Kanealii L W P office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Hon Nahinu In Town is in a Little Trouble for Visiting the Lepers Without a Permit The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu February 9 1892 p 2 Archived from the original on August 22 2018 Retrieved December 21 2016 Molokai The Dark Horse Got There Election of Nahinu Confirmed Nazareta the Liberal Candidate Retired The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu April 11 1892 p 4 Nahinu T S office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 White William office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 5 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Aki Samuel K office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on December 29 2019 Retrieved February 3 2017 Ashford Clarence W office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on December 29 2019 Retrieved February 3 2017 Bipikane J W office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Bush John Edward office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Kauhi Anakalea office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Pua Samuel K office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 8 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Wilcox Robert W office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 6 2012 Retrieved September 12 2015 Wilder William Chauncey Sr office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Akina Joseph A office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 11 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Smith William Owen office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on April 3 2012 Retrieved September 12 2015 Wilcox Albert Spencer office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Blount 1895 p 809 a b c d Minister of Finance office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on January 4 2019 Retrieved February 3 2017 Whiting William Austin office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 Spencer Charles Nicholas office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on February 23 2017 Retrieved February 3 2017 Widemann Hermann A office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 Mott Smith John office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on January 2 2020 Retrieved February 3 2017 a b c Parker Samuel office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 a b Gulick Charles T office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved September 12 2015 Creighton Charles F office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Brown Cecil office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Retrieved February 3 2017 Jones Peter Cushman office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on April 3 2012 Retrieved September 12 2015 Robinson Mark Prever office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on December 3 2018 Retrieved September 12 2015 Colburn John F office record PDF state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived PDF from the original on July 3 2020 Retrieved February 3 2017 Bibliography editAlexander William DeWitt 1896 History of Later Years of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the Revolution of 1893 Honolulu Hawaiian Gazette Company OCLC 11843616 Allen Helena G 1982 The Betrayal of Liliuokalani Last Queen of Hawaii 1838 1917 Glendale CA A H Clark Company ISBN 978 0 87062 144 4 OCLC 9576325 Blount James Henderson 1895 The Executive Documents of the House of Representatives for the Third Session of the Fifty Third Congress 1893 94 in Thirty Five Volumes Washington DC U S Government Printing Office OCLC 191710879 Hawaii 1918 Lydecker Robert Colfax ed Roster Legislatures of Hawaii 1841 1918 Honolulu Hawaiian Gazette Company OCLC 60737418 Kuykendall Ralph Simpson 1967 The Hawaiian Kingdom 1874 1893 The Kalakaua Dynasty Vol 3 Honolulu University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 87022 433 1 OCLC 500374815 Liliuokalani 1898 Hawaii s Story by Hawaii s Queen Liliuokalani Boston Lee and Shepard ISBN 978 0 548 22265 2 OCLC 2387226 Loomis Albertine 1963 The Longest Legislature PDF Seventy First Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society for the Year 1962 Honolulu Hawaiian Historical Society 71 7 27 hdl 10524 35 Moblo Pennie 1998 Institutionalising the Leper Partisan Politics and the Evolution of Stigma in Post Monarchy Hawaiʻi The Journal of the Polynesian Society Wellington The Polynesian Society 107 3 229 262 OCLC 6015242891 Osorio Jon Kamakawiwoʻole 2002 Dismembering Lahui A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887 Honolulu University of Hawaii Press ISBN 0 8248 2549 7 OCLC 48579247 Silva Noenoe K 2004 Aloha Betrayed Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism Durham Duke University Press ISBN 0 8223 8622 4 OCLC 191222123 Twigg Smith Thurston 1998 Hawaiian Sovereignty Do the Facts Matter Honolulu Goodale Publishing ISBN 978 0 9662945 0 7 OCLC 39090004 Van Dyke Jon M 2007 Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawai i University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 8248 3211 7 OCLC 257449971 Further reading editLoomis Albertine 1976 For Whom Are the Stars An Informal History of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy in 1893 and the Ill Fated Counterrevolution It Evoked Honolulu University Press of Hawaii and Friends of the Library of Hawaii ISBN 978 0 8248 0416 9 OCLC 2213370 Journal of the House of Representatives 1892 Volume 1 Ka Huli Ao Digital Archives Archived from the original on December 29 2016 Retrieved February 8 2017 Journal of the House of Representatives 1892 Volume 2 Ka Huli Ao Digital Archives Archived from the original on December 29 2016 Retrieved February 8 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1892 Legislative Session of the Hawaiian Kingdom amp oldid 1173808530, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.