KS-19
The KS-19 100mm anti-aircraft gun (Russian: КС-19 100мм зенитная установка) is a Soviet anti-aircraft gun that also features good capabilities against ground targets.[2]
| KS-19 100mm anti-aircraft gun | |
|---|---|
KS-19 in Russia. | |
| Type | Anti-aircraft gun |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1947 |
| Wars | Korean War Vietnam War Iran-Iraq War Somali Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War Second Nagorno-Karabakh War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | L. V. Lulyev |
| Produced | N/A |
| No. built | N/A |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 9,550 kg (21,054 lbs) |
| Length | 9.45 m (31 ft) |
| Barrel length | 5.7 m (18 ft 8 in)[1] |
| Width | 2.35 m (7 ft 8 in) |
| Height | 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) |
| Crew | 15 |
| Shell | Fixed QF 100×695 mm. R[1] |
| Caliber | 100 mm (3.94 in) |
| Breech | Semi-automatic horizontal sliding-wedge[1] |
| Elevation | −3°/+85 |
| Traverse | 360° |
| Rate of fire | 15 rounds per minute |
| Muzzle velocity | 900-1,000 m/s |
| Maximum firing range | Horizontal: 21 km (13 mi) Vertical: 12,700 m (41,667 ft) timed fuse. 15,000 m (49,213 ft) proximity fuse. |
Characteristics edit
The KS-19 is a towed anti-aircraft gun that was specifically designed to excel in ground combat, particularly against armored targets and as artillery.[3] Due to its towed nature, it requires an external means of mobility, typically an AT-S Medium or AT-T Heavy tracked artillery tractor.[3] The 15-man crew is transported on the tractor, along with readily available ammunition for the gun.[3]
This rifled gun boasts a semiautomatic horizontal sliding wedge block, a power rammer, an automatic fuze setter, and a long muzzle brake.[4] The loading tray allows for quick and efficient ammunition loading, enabling a well-trained crew to fire a maximum of 15 rounds per minute.[3] The fire control system comprises the PUAZO-6/19 directional system, along with a SON 9 (NATO Reporting name 'Fire Can') or SON-9A fire control radar.[4] While the onboard sights are adequate for engaging air targets, greater accuracy is achieved when used in conjunction with the fire control radar.[3]
The ammunition is of a fixed type and is largely interchangeable with other 100mm rifled tank and field guns.[4] Anti-aircraft ammunition includes high explosive, high explosive fragmentation, and fragmentation types.[4] The two types of armor-piercing rounds are the AP-T (Armor Piercing-Tracer) and the APC-T (Armor Piercing Capped-Tracer).[3] The AP-T round is reputed to penetrate 185 mm of armor at a range of 1000 m.[3]
History edit
The KS-19 gun was developed to replace the 85mm anti-aircraft guns that were used during World War II.[4] It was widely adopted by all of the Warsaw Pact armies and saw action with communist forces in both Korea and Vietnam.[4]
However, the KS-19 gun has largely been phased out of front line arsenals due to the increased use of more effective surface-to-air missiles.[2] As a result, it is no longer a commonly used weapon in modern warfare.[2]
Russo-Ukrainian War edit
At the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, a number of KS-19 guns were stored in Balakliia.[5] However, the city was captured by Russian forces on March 3 and it is believed that the Russians may have used some of the guns as decoys.[5] During the Kharkiv counteroffensive in 2022, Ukraine regained control of Balakliia on September 10.[6]
As of April 1st, 2023, it has been reported that Ukraine is using some of the KS-19 guns that were stored in Balakliia for indirect fire against ground targets, and possibly for direct fire as well.[7] One advantage of using these guns as artillery is that they fire older ammunition that is not commonly used by other Ukrainian artillery.[7] In fact, one of the Soviet UOF-412 rounds that was seen in use had been manufactured as far back as 1962.[8]
Variants edit
Soviet Union edit
• KS-19 - Original production model introduced in 1948 on KZU-16 carriage.
• KS-19M - Updated model introduced in 1951. The grooves in the barrel were broadened to reduce the projectile's friction and reduce barrel wear.
• KS-19M2 - Final production model introduced in 1955. Features the heavier and more stable KZU-28 carriage, which is easier to set up as well.
China edit
• Type 59 - Chinese production model.
Iran edit
• Sa'eer - Iranian upgrade of either Soviet KS-19 or Chinese Type 59 with automatic targeting and reloading system revealed to the public in November 2011. Since then also observed in use in Iraq mounted on a truck.[9]
Syria edit
Hezbollah militia has reportedly operated a KS-19 systems mounted on 2K12E Kvadrat tracked chassis, the export variant of the 2K12 Kub anti-aircraft missile system in 2016. Hezbollah also operated multiple KS-19 systems mounted on commercial trucks.
Ukraine edit
The 241st[10] and 111th[11] TDF brigades, operated multiple KS-19 systems mounted on trucks in 2023 during the Russo-Ukrainian war in indirect fire support role.
Operators edit
Current
- Azerbaijan – 8 [12]
- Cambodia – 50[citation needed]
- Cuba – Unknown[13]: 410
- Guinea – 4[14]
- Iran[15]
- Mauritania – 12[16]
- North Korea[17]
- Republic of the Congo - Unknown[18]: 444
- Romania[19]
- Syria – Unknown[13]: 370
- Transnistria[citation needed]
- Ukraine: The Ukrainian army started to use KS-19 100mm anti-aircraft guns in 2023.[7]
- Vietnam[17]
- Yemen[citation needed]
Former operators
- Afghanistan[17]
- Albania[citation needed]
- Algeria – 150 in 2018.[20]: 325
- Artsakh − Seized by Azerbaijan after the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh[21]
- Bulgaria[20]: 89
- China – Produced as Type 59[17]
- Czechoslovakia[17]
- Egypt – 300 in 2018.[20]: 332
- Georgia – Used in ground role.[22]: 89
- Hungary[citation needed]
- Iraq[citation needed]
- Kazakhstan[17]
- Poland – Withdrawn from service in late 1950s.[citation needed]
- Morocco – 17 in 2018.[20]: 351
- Nicaragua[23]: 198
- North Vietnam[citation needed]
- Russia – Used at least until 2008.[24]: 213
- Somalia – 24 in 1989.[23]: 113
- Soviet Union[23]: 34
- Sudan[23]: 114
References edit
- ^ a b c Foss, Christopher (1977). Jane's pocket book of towed artillery. New York: Collier. p. 257. ISBN 0020806000. OCLC 911907988.
- ^ a b c "KS-19". Weaponsystems.net. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bishop C and Drury I. The Encyclopedia of World Military Power (1988). Temple Press/Aerospace publishing.
- ^ a b c d e f Identification Guide, vol. II, Headquarters United States Army, Europe and Seventh Army, 1973, p. 225
- ^ a b "Many Ukrainian KS-19 were stored in Balakliya". Twitter. 2023-04-02. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
- ^ Koshiw, Isobel; Tondo, Lorenzo; Mazhulin, Artem (2022-09-10). "Ukraine's southern offensive 'was designed to trick Russia'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
- ^ a b c "The Ukrainian army started to use ancient KS-19 100mm anti-aircraft guns". Twitter. April 1, 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
- ^ "We can see Soviet UOF-412 rounds with OF-412 projectiles". Twitter. April 1, 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
- ^ Administrator (2012-02-10). "Saeer KS-19 automatic 100mm anti-aircraft gun technical data sheet specifications pictures | Iran Iranian army light heavy weapons UK | Iran Iranian army military equipment armoured UK". Army Recognition. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ^ Axe, David. "Ukraine's Latest Mobile Howitzer Is A Soviet Anti-Aircraft Gun From The 1940s Bolted To A Modern Czech Cargo Truck". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ^ Ukraine - XX.08.2023. KS-19 AA Guns Mounted On A Trucks In Use By Soldiers Of The 111th TDF Brigade., retrieved 2024-01-10
- ^ https://yenisabah.az/kelbecerde-artilleriya-qurgulari-ve-sursat-askarlandi-fotolar
- ^ a b International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The military balance. 2022. Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-1032279008.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2021). The Military Balance. Taylor & Francis. p. 470. ISBN 9781032012278.
- ^ Iran produces smart 100mm anti-aircraft gun – YouTube
- ^ IISS 2007, p.236
- ^ a b c d e f Military Factory
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). The Military Balance 2023 (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1032508955.
- ^ Trade Registers. Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved on 12 June 2015
- ^ a b c d International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2018). The Military Balance. 2018. Routledge. ISBN 978-1857439557.
- ^ Mitzer, Stijin; Oliemans, Joost. "Documenting Equipment Losses During The September 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict". Oryx. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (1 October 2001). The Military Balance. 2001-2002. Routledge. ISBN 978-0198509790.
- ^ a b c d Institute for Strategic Studies (1989). The military balance, 1989-1990. London: Brassey's. ISBN 978-0080375694.
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (5 February 2008). The Military Balance. 2008. Routledge. ISBN 978-1857434613.
External links edit
- Globalsecurity.org