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Aynata

May 04, 2024

For other places with similar names, see Aaynata (disambiguation).

Aynata (Arabic: عيناتا)[1] is a village in Lebanon. It is located in the southern portion of the country.[2] A stronghold for Hezbollah, during the war with Israel in 2006, about 60% of the homes in the town were destroyed.[3]

Aynata
عيناتا
Village
Aynata
Location within Lebanon
Coordinates: 33°7′43.68″N 35°26′6.36″E / 33.1288000°N 35.4351000°E / 33.1288000; 35.4351000
Grid position191/281 PAL
Country Lebanon
GovernorateNabatieh Governorate
DistrictBint Jbeil District
Elevation
740 m (2,430 ft)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

The terrain consists of plateaus of varying heights, with the Aynata itself located at an elevation of 740m.[4] Several valleys separate Aynata from the nearest villages. Aynata has a moderate climate, cool summers and cold winters.[citation needed]

History edit

See also: Beth-Anath

Yohanan Aharoni have suggested that Aynata was ancient En-hazor, and that it was also listed in the topographical lists of Thutmose III.[5]

Aynata was suggested to be Beth-Anath by van de Velde in 1854,[6] also by W.M. Thomson in 1859,[7] and later by Victor Guérin.[8] The same view was held by historical geographer Georg Kampffmeyer (1892).[9]

Foundations and columns of a ruined temple complex in the woods near the village were recorded by William McClure Thomson, who thought them to have once been called Kubrikha. He remarked that "the whole neighborhood is crowded with ancient but deserted sites."[7]

Ottoman era edit

In 1596, it was named as a village, ‘’Aynata’’ in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 111 households and 22 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues" and a fixed sum; a total of 10,560 akçe.[10][11]

In 1875, Victor Guérin found a village with 400 Metualis.[8]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it: "A village, built of stone, containing about 500 Metawileh. There is a Moslem school in the village; extensive vineyards and a few olives in the wady. Water supplied from birket and many cisterns.”[12]

Modern era edit

Aynata is the family home of Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, a prominent twelver Shia cleric.

During the 2006 Lebanon War, on July 19, an Israeli missile killed 4 civilians in the village.[13] On July 24, Israel shelled two houses in the village; killing all inside both houses. One house had 4 Hezbollah fighters, the other house had 8 civilians, aged between 16 and 77.[14]

Aaynata has a population of around 5,000 (dropping to 1,300 in the winter) and is 120 kilometers (74.568 mi) away from Beirut and sits 740 meters above sea level. The area borders Bent Jbayl, Aaitaroun, and Yaroun.[4] It was occupied by Israel and most residents emigrated to Beirut's southern suburbs. Israel pulled out of the area in 2000 and it has seen housing construction since that time. Tobacco and olives are grown in the area.

In 2024, during the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel, the Israeli army attacked two vehicles. Hezbollah soldiers were traveling in one of the vehicles and in the other four family members of the journalist Samir Ayoub who were also killed in the attack.[15]

Hezbollah fatalities during 2006 Lebanon War edit

  • Mousa Yousuf Khanafer*
  • Amir Ibrahim Fadlallah
  • Jamil Mahmoud an-Nimr
  • Ali Muhammad as-Sayyid Ali
  • Mahir Muhammad Sayf ad-Din
  • Zayd Mahmoud Haydar*
  • Muhammad Dheeb Khanafer
  • Kazem Ali Khanafer
  • Ammar Habib Qawsan
  • Nazim Abdan-Nabi Nasrallah
  • Marwan Husayn Samhat*
  • Muhammad Hassan Samhat
  • Hassan Ismail Mustafa
  • Shakir Najib Ghanam

[16]

* The body of the fighter was captured by IDF and removed to Israel but was returned to Lebanon in the prisoner exchanges in 2007-08.

References edit

  1. ^ From personal name, according to Palmer 1881, p. 66
  2. ^ Cambanis, Thanassis (16 August 2006). "Reclaiming bodies and shattered lives in Lebanon". The Boston Globe.
  3. ^ Slackman, Michael (11 July 2007). "Where Outsiders, and Fear, Loom Over Daily Life". The New York Times.
  4. ^ a b Aaynata Localiban
  5. ^ Freedman, et al., 2000, p. 407
  6. ^ Van de Velde, 1854, I, p. 170
  7. ^ a b Thomson, 1859, p. 315
  8. ^ a b Guérin, 1880, p. 374
  9. ^ Kampffmeyer (1892), pp. pp. 38, 42, 61, 64, 85, 87
  10. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 179
  11. ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  12. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 200
  13. ^ HRW, 2007, pp. 105-106
  14. ^ HRW, 2007, pp. 112-113
  15. ^ "Guerre entre Israël et le Hamas : quatre membres de la famille d'un journaliste libanais tués dans une frappe israélienne". ladepeche.fr (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-02.
  16. ^ . Municipality of Aynata. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved Dec 28, 2011.

Bibliography edit

  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Freedman, DN; Astrid B Beck; Allen C Myers, eds. (2000). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9053565035.
  • Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • HRW (2007). Why They Died: Civilian Casualties in Lebanon During the 2006 War. Human Rights Watch.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Kampffmeyer, G. [in German] (1892). Alte Namen im heutigen Palästina und Syrien (in German). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. pp. 38, 42, 61, 64, 85, 87. OCLC 786490264.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Rhode, H. (1979). . Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  • Thomson, W.M. (1859). The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). New York: Harper & brothers.
  • Velde, van de, C.W.M. (1854). Narrative of a journey through Syria and Palestine in 1851 and 1852. Vol. 1. William Blackwood and son.

External links edit

  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: IAA, Wikimedia commons
  • Aaynata (Bent Jbeil), Localiban

May 04, 2024
aynata, other, places, with, similar, names, aaynata, disambiguation, arabic, عيناتا, village, lebanon, located, southern, portion, country, stronghold, hezbollah, during, with, israel, 2006, about, homes, town, were, destroyed, عيناتاvillagelocation, within, . For other places with similar names see Aaynata disambiguation Aynata Arabic عيناتا 1 is a village in Lebanon It is located in the southern portion of the country 2 A stronghold for Hezbollah during the war with Israel in 2006 about 60 of the homes in the town were destroyed 3 Aynata عيناتاVillageAynataLocation within LebanonCoordinates 33 7 43 68 N 35 26 6 36 E 33 1288000 N 35 4351000 E 33 1288000 35 4351000Grid position191 281 PALCountry LebanonGovernorateNabatieh GovernorateDistrictBint Jbeil DistrictElevation740 m 2 430 ft Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST The terrain consists of plateaus of varying heights with the Aynata itself located at an elevation of 740m 4 Several valleys separate Aynata from the nearest villages Aynata has a moderate climate cool summers and cold winters citation needed Contents 1 History 1 1 Ottoman era 1 2 Modern era 2 Hezbollah fatalities during 2006 Lebanon War 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksHistory editSee also Beth Anath Yohanan Aharoni have suggested that Aynata was ancient En hazor and that it was also listed in the topographical lists of Thutmose III 5 Aynata was suggested to be Beth Anath by van de Velde in 1854 6 also by W M Thomson in 1859 7 and later by Victor Guerin 8 The same view was held by historical geographer Georg Kampffmeyer 1892 9 Foundations and columns of a ruined temple complex in the woods near the village were recorded by William McClure Thomson who thought them to have once been called Kubrikha He remarked that the whole neighborhood is crowded with ancient but deserted sites 7 Ottoman era edit In 1596 it was named as a village Aynata in the Ottoman nahiya subdistrict of Tibnin under the liwa district of Safad with a population of 111 households and 22 bachelors all Muslim The villagers paid taxes on agricultural products such as wheat barley vineyards fruit trees goats and beehives in addition to occasional revenues and a fixed sum a total of 10 560 akce 10 11 In 1875 Victor Guerin found a village with 400 Metualis 8 In 1881 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine SWP described it A village built of stone containing about 500 Metawileh There is a Moslem school in the village extensive vineyards and a few olives in the wady Water supplied from birket and many cisterns 12 Modern era edit Aynata is the family home of Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah a prominent twelver Shia cleric During the 2006 Lebanon War on July 19 an Israeli missile killed 4 civilians in the village 13 On July 24 Israel shelled two houses in the village killing all inside both houses One house had 4 Hezbollah fighters the other house had 8 civilians aged between 16 and 77 14 Aaynata has a population of around 5 000 dropping to 1 300 in the winter and is 120 kilometers 74 568 mi away from Beirut and sits 740 meters above sea level The area borders Bent Jbayl Aaitaroun and Yaroun 4 It was occupied by Israel and most residents emigrated to Beirut s southern suburbs Israel pulled out of the area in 2000 and it has seen housing construction since that time Tobacco and olives are grown in the area In 2024 during the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel the Israeli army attacked two vehicles Hezbollah soldiers were traveling in one of the vehicles and in the other four family members of the journalist Samir Ayoub who were also killed in the attack 15 Hezbollah fatalities during 2006 Lebanon War editMousa Yousuf Khanafer Amir Ibrahim Fadlallah Jamil Mahmoud an Nimr Ali Muhammad as Sayyid Ali Mahir Muhammad Sayf ad Din Zayd Mahmoud Haydar Muhammad Dheeb Khanafer Kazem Ali Khanafer Ammar Habib Qawsan Nazim Abdan Nabi Nasrallah Marwan Husayn Samhat Muhammad Hassan Samhat Hassan Ismail Mustafa Shakir Najib Ghanam 16 The body of the fighter was captured by IDF and removed to Israel but was returned to Lebanon in the prisoner exchanges in 2007 08 References edit From personal name according to Palmer 1881 p 66 Cambanis Thanassis 16 August 2006 Reclaiming bodies and shattered lives in Lebanon The Boston Globe Slackman Michael 11 July 2007 Where Outsiders and Fear Loom Over Daily Life The New York Times a b Aaynata Localiban Freedman et al 2000 p 407 Van de Velde 1854 I p 170 a b Thomson 1859 p 315 a b Guerin 1880 p 374 Kampffmeyer 1892 pp pp 38 42 61 64 85 87 Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 179 Note that Rhode 1979 p 6 Archived 2019 04 20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hutteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595 6 but from 1548 9 Conder and Kitchener 1881 SWP I p 200 HRW 2007 pp 105 106 HRW 2007 pp 112 113 Guerre entre Israel et le Hamas quatre membres de la famille d un journaliste libanais tues dans une frappe israelienne ladepeche fr in French Retrieved 2024 04 02 شهداء عيناثا الابرار The noble martyrs of Aynatha Municipality of Aynata Archived from the original on April 26 2012 Retrieved Dec 28 2011 Bibliography editConder C R Kitchener H H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 1 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Freedman DN Astrid B Beck Allen C Myers eds 2000 Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible Amsterdam University Press ISBN 9053565035 Guerin V 1880 Description Geographique Historique et Archeologique de la Palestine in French Vol 3 Galilee pt 2 Paris L Imprimerie Nationale HRW 2007 Why They Died Civilian Casualties in Lebanon During the 2006 War Human Rights Watch Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Kampffmeyer G in German 1892 Alte Namen im heutigen Palastina und Syrien in German Leipzig Breitkopf amp Hartel pp 38 42 61 64 85 87 OCLC 786490264 Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Rhode H 1979 Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century Columbia University Archived from the original on 2019 04 20 Retrieved 2017 12 04 Thomson W M 1859 The Land and the Book Or Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs the Scenes and Scenery of the Holy Land Vol 1 1 ed New York Harper amp brothers Velde van de C W M 1854 Narrative of a journey through Syria and Palestine in 1851 and 1852 Vol 1 William Blackwood and son External links editSurvey of Western Palestine Map 4 IAA Wikimedia commons Aaynata Bent Jbeil Localiban Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aynata amp oldid 1217042230, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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