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Epsilon Virginis

January 01, 1970

Epsilon Virginis (ε Virginis, abbreviated Epsilon Vir, ε Vir), formally named Vindemiatrix /vɪndiːmiˈeɪtrɪks/,[11][12] is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +2.8,[2] making it the third-brightest member of Virgo. Based upon parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission, Vindemiatrix lies at a distance of about 109.6 light-years (33.6 parsecs) from the Sun, give or take a half light-year.[1]

ε Virginis
(Vindemiatrix)
Location of ε Virginis (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 13h 02m 10.59785s[1]
Declination +10° 57′ 32.9415″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) +2.826[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type G8 III[3]
U−B color index +0.718[2]
B−V color index +0.940[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)-14.6[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: -273.80[1] mas/yr
Dec.: +19.96[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)29.76 ± 0.14 mas[1]
Distance109.6 ± 0.5 ly
(33.6 ± 0.2 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)0.37 ± 0.06[5]
Details
Mass2.64 ± 0.11[5] M☉
Radius10.6 ± 0.3[6] R☉
Luminosity77[7] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)2.71 ± 0.04[5] cgs
Temperature5,086[5] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.09[5] dex
Rotation173 days[8]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)2.3[9] km/s
Age560 ± 90[5] Myr
Other designations
Vindemiatrix, Vindemiator, Almuredin, Provindemiator, Protrigetrix, Protrygetor, Alaraph, 47 Virginis, BD+11°2529, FK5 488, HD 113226, HIP 63608, HR 4932, SAO 100384[10]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Stellar properties edit

Vindemiatrix is a giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III.[3] With 2.6[5] times the mass of the Sun, it has reached a stage in its evolution where the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted. As a result, it has expanded to over ten[6] times the Sun's girth and is now radiating around 77[7] times as much luminosity as the Sun. This energy is being emitted from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,086 K,[5] which gives it the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.[13]

This star is a likely member of the thin disk population and the orbit departs by no more than 60 pc (200 ly) from the galactic plane.[14]

Nomenclature edit

ε Virginis (Latinised to Epsilon Virginis) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional names Vindemiatrix and Vindemiator, which come from Greek through the Latin vindēmiātrix, vindēmiātor meaning 'the grape-harvestress'. Additional medieval names are Almuredin /ælˈmjʊərədɪn/,[15] Alaraph, Provindemiator, Protrigetrix and Protrygetor.[16] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[17] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[18] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Vindemiatrix for this star.

This star, along with Beta Virginis (Zavijava), Gamma Virginis (Porrima), Eta Virginis (Zaniah) and Delta Virginis (Minelauva), were Al ʽAwwāʼ, which is Arabic for 'the Barker'.[19]

In Chinese, 太微左垣 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán), meaning Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure, refers to an asterism consisting of Epsilon Virginis, Eta Virginis, Gamma Virginis, Delta Virginis and Alpha Comae Berenices.[20] Consequently, the Chinese name for Epsilon Virginis itself is 太微左垣四 (Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sì, English: the Fourth Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure.),[21] representing 東次將 (Dōngcìjiāng), meaning The Second Eastern General.[22] 東次將 (Dōngcìjiāng), westernized into Tsze Tseang by R.H. Allen and the meaning is "the Second General".[16]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
  2. ^ a b c d Gutierrez-Moreno, Adelina; et al. (1966), "A System of photometric standards", Publications of the Department of Astronomy University of Chile, 1, Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy: 1–17, Bibcode:1966PDAUC...1....1G
  3. ^ a b Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973), "Spectral Classification", Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11: 29, Bibcode:1973ARA&A..11...29M, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333
  4. ^ Wielen, R.; et al. (1999), "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions", Veroeffentlichungen des Astronomischen Rechen-Instituts Heidelberg, 35, Veröffentlichungen des Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg: 1, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h da Silva, L.; et al. (November 2006), "Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 458 (2): 609–623, arXiv:astro-ph/0608160, Bibcode:2006A&A...458..609D, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065105, S2CID 9341088
  6. ^ a b Nordgren, Tyler E.; et al. (December 1999), "Stellar Angular Diameters of Late-Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer", The Astronomical Journal, 118 (6): 3032–3038, Bibcode:1999AJ....118.3032N, doi:10.1086/301114
  7. ^ a b Mallik, Sushma V. (December 1999), "Lithium abundance and mass", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 352: 495–507, Bibcode:1999A&A...352..495M
  8. ^ Setiawan, J.; et al. (July 2004), "Precise radial velocity measurements of G and K giants. Multiple systems and variability trend along the Red Giant Branch", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 421: 241–254, Bibcode:2004A&A...421..241S, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041042-1
  9. ^ Pizzolato, N.; Maggio, A.; Sciortino, S. (September 2000), "Evolution of X-ray activity of 1-3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 361: 614–628, Bibcode:2000A&A...361..614P
  10. ^ "eps Vir". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  11. ^ "Vindemiatrix". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  12. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  13. ^ Garrison, R. F. (December 1993), , Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 25: 1319, Bibcode:1993AAS...183.1710G, archived from the original on 2019-06-25, retrieved 2012-02-04
  14. ^ Soubiran, C.; et al. (2008), "Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 480 (1): 91–101, arXiv:0712.1370, Bibcode:2008A&A...480...91S, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078788, S2CID 16602121
  15. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
  16. ^ a b Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Virgo
  17. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  18. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  19. ^ Allen, R. H. (1963), Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.), New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc, p. 469, ISBN 0-486-21079-0, retrieved 2010-12-12
  20. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  21. ^ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 August 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  22. ^ (in Chinese) English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name August 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.

External links edit

  • Kaler, james B., "Vindemiatrix", Stars, retrieved 2011-01-12

January 01, 1970
epsilon, virginis, virginis, abbreviated, epsilon, formally, named, vindemiatrix, star, zodiac, constellation, virgo, apparent, visual, magnitude, this, star, making, third, brightest, member, virgo, based, upon, parallax, measurements, made, during, hipparcos. Epsilon Virginis e Virginis abbreviated Epsilon Vir e Vir formally named Vindemiatrix v ɪ n d iː m i ˈ eɪ t r ɪ k s 11 12 is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 2 8 2 making it the third brightest member of Virgo Based upon parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission Vindemiatrix lies at a distance of about 109 6 light years 33 6 parsecs from the Sun give or take a half light year 1 e Virginis Vindemiatrix Location of e Virginis circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 0 Equinox J2000 0 Constellation Virgo Right ascension 13h 02m 10 59785s 1 Declination 10 57 32 9415 1 Apparent magnitude V 2 826 2 Characteristics Spectral type G8 III 3 U B color index 0 718 2 B V color index 0 940 2 AstrometryRadial velocity Rv 14 6 4 km sProper motion m RA 273 80 1 mas yr Dec 19 96 1 mas yrParallax p 29 76 0 14 mas 1 Distance109 6 0 5 ly 33 6 0 2 pc Absolute magnitude MV 0 37 0 06 5 DetailsMass2 64 0 11 5 M Radius10 6 0 3 6 R Luminosity77 7 L Surface gravity log g 2 71 0 04 5 cgsTemperature5 086 5 KMetallicity Fe H 0 09 5 dexRotation173 days 8 Rotational velocity v sin i 2 3 9 km sAge560 90 5 Myr Other designationsVindemiatrix Vindemiator Almuredin Provindemiator Protrigetrix Protrygetor Alaraph 47 Virginis BD 11 2529 FK5 488 HD 113226 HIP 63608 HR 4932 SAO 100384 10 Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Stellar properties 2 Nomenclature 3 References 4 External linksStellar properties editVindemiatrix is a giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III 3 With 2 6 5 times the mass of the Sun it has reached a stage in its evolution where the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted As a result it has expanded to over ten 6 times the Sun s girth and is now radiating around 77 7 times as much luminosity as the Sun This energy is being emitted from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5 086 K 5 which gives it the yellow hued glow of a G type star Since 1943 the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified 13 This star is a likely member of the thin disk population and the orbit departs by no more than 60 pc 200 ly from the galactic plane 14 Nomenclature edite Virginis Latinised to Epsilon Virginis is the star s Bayer designation It bore the traditional names Vindemiatrix and Vindemiator which come from Greek through the Latin vindemiatrix vindemiator meaning the grape harvestress Additional medieval names are Almuredin ae l ˈ m jʊer e d ɪ n 15 Alaraph Provindemiator Protrigetrix and Protrygetor 16 In 2016 the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 17 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN s first bulletin of July 2016 18 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN which included Vindemiatrix for this star This star along with Beta Virginis Zavijava Gamma Virginis Porrima Eta Virginis Zaniah and Delta Virginis Minelauva were Al ʽAwwaʼ which is Arabic for the Barker 19 In Chinese 太微左垣 Tai Wei Zuǒ Yuan meaning Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure refers to an asterism consisting of Epsilon Virginis Eta Virginis Gamma Virginis Delta Virginis and Alpha Comae Berenices 20 Consequently the Chinese name for Epsilon Virginis itself is 太微左垣四 Tai Wei Zuǒ Yuan si English the Fourth Star of Left Wall of Supreme Palace Enclosure 21 representing 東次將 Dōngcijiang meaning The Second Eastern General 22 東次將 Dōngcijiang westernized into Tsze Tseang by R H Allen and the meaning is the Second General 16 References edit a b c d e f van Leeuwen F November 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 a b c d Gutierrez Moreno Adelina et al 1966 A System of photometric standards Publications of the Department of Astronomy University of Chile 1 Publicaciones Universidad de Chile Department de Astronomy 1 17 Bibcode 1966PDAUC 1 1G a b Morgan W W Keenan P C 1973 Spectral Classification Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11 29 Bibcode 1973ARA amp A 11 29M doi 10 1146 annurev aa 11 090173 000333 Wielen R et al 1999 Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars FK6 Part I Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions Veroeffentlichungen des Astronomischen Rechen Instituts Heidelberg 35 Veroffentlichungen des Astronomisches Rechen Institut Heidelberg 1 Bibcode 1999VeARI 35 1W a b c d e f g h da Silva L et al November 2006 Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars Astronomy and Astrophysics 458 2 609 623 arXiv astro ph 0608160 Bibcode 2006A amp A 458 609D doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20065105 S2CID 9341088 a b Nordgren Tyler E et al December 1999 Stellar Angular Diameters of Late Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer The Astronomical Journal 118 6 3032 3038 Bibcode 1999AJ 118 3032N doi 10 1086 301114 a b Mallik Sushma V December 1999 Lithium abundance and mass Astronomy and Astrophysics 352 495 507 Bibcode 1999A amp A 352 495M Setiawan J et al July 2004 Precise radial velocity measurements of G and K giants Multiple systems and variability trend along the Red Giant Branch Astronomy and Astrophysics 421 241 254 Bibcode 2004A amp A 421 241S doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20041042 1 Pizzolato N Maggio A Sciortino S September 2000 Evolution of X ray activity of 1 3 Msun late type stars in early post main sequence phases Astronomy and Astrophysics 361 614 628 Bibcode 2000A amp A 361 614P eps Vir SIMBAD Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved May 10 2010 Vindemiatrix Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required IAU Catalog of Star Names Retrieved 28 July 2016 Garrison R F December 1993 Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 25 1319 Bibcode 1993AAS 183 1710G archived from the original on 2019 06 25 retrieved 2012 02 04 Soubiran C et al 2008 Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars IV AMR and AVR from clump giants Astronomy and Astrophysics 480 1 91 101 arXiv 0712 1370 Bibcode 2008A amp A 480 91S doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078788 S2CID 16602121 Kunitzsch Paul Smart Tim 2006 A Dictionary of Modern star Names A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations 2nd rev ed Cambridge Massachusetts Sky Pub ISBN 978 1 931559 44 7 a b Richard Hinckley Allen Star Names Their Lore and Meaning Virgo IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names No 1 PDF Retrieved 28 July 2016 Allen R H 1963 Star Names Their Lore and Meaning Reprint ed New York NY Dover Publications Inc p 469 ISBN 0 486 21079 0 retrieved 2010 12 12 in Chinese 中國星座神話 written by 陳久金 Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司 2005 ISBN 978 986 7332 25 7 in Chinese 香港太空館 研究資源 亮星中英對照表 Archived August 19 2010 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Space Museum Accessed on line November 23 2010 in Chinese English Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions Asterisms and Star Name Archived August 10 2010 at the Wayback Machine Hong Kong Space Museum Accessed on line November 23 2010 External links editKaler james B Vindemiatrix Stars retrieved 2011 01 12 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Epsilon Virginis amp oldid 1182715657, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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