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Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex

January 01, 1970

The Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex is a complex of interstellar clouds with different nebulae, particularly a dark nebula which is centered 1° south of the star ρ Ophiuchi, which it among others extends to, of the constellation Ophiuchus. At an estimated distance of about 140 parsecs, or 460 light years, it is one of the closest star-forming regions to the Solar System.[1][6][7]

ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex
Dark nebula
Infrared James Webb Space Telescope image (east is down), contained within the IC 4603 region[1][2]
Observation data: J2000.0 epoch
Right ascension16h 28m 06s[3]
Declination–24° 32.5′[3]
Distance460 ly (140 pc)[4] ly
Apparent dimensions (V)4.5° × 6.5°[5]
ConstellationOphiuchus
DesignationsOphiuchus molecular cloud, Integral 691, XSS J16271-2423
See also: Lists of nebulae

Cloud complex edit

This cloud covers an angular area of 4.5° × 6.5° on the celestial sphere. It consists of two major regions of dense gas and dust. The first contains a star-forming cloud (L1688) and two filaments (L1709 and L1755), while the second has a star-forming region (L1689) and a filament (L1712–L1729). These filaments extend up to 10–17.5 parsecs in length and can be as narrow as 0.24 parsecs in width. The large extensions of the complex are also called Dark River clouds[8] (or Rho Ophiuchi Streamers) and are identified as Barnard 44 and 45. Some of the structures within the complex appear to be the result of a shock front passing through the clouds from the direction of the neighboring Sco OB2 association.[5]

Temperatures of the clouds range from 13–22 K, and there is a total of about 3,000 times the mass of the Sun in the material. Over half of the mass of the complex is concentrated around the L1688 cloud, and this is the most active star-forming region.[5] There are embedded infrared sources within the complex.[9] A total of 425 infrared sources have been detected near the L1688 cloud. These are presumed to be young stellar objects, including 16 classified as protostars, 123 T Tauri stars with dense circumstellar disks, and 77 weaker T Tauri stars with thinner disks.[4] The last 2 categories of stars have estimated ages ranging from 100,000 to a million years.[10]

The first brown dwarf to be identified in a star-forming region was Rho Oph J162349.8-242601, located in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud.[better source needed][11] One of the older objects at the edge of the primary star-forming region was found to be a circumstellar disk seen nearly edge-on. It spans a diameter of 300 AU and contains at least twice the mass of Jupiter. The million-year-old star at the center of the disk has a temperature of 3,000 K and is emitting 0.4 times the luminosity of the Sun.[12]

The 2023 NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope image—released on the telescope's first anniversary—shows young stars, roughly the size of the Sun, at the center of circumstellar discs. These represent planetary systems of the future being formed in a "stellar nursery".[1][7] Since the field of view of the photo is very small, at 6.4 arc-minutes, it displays just a tiny region of what appears in most other photographs of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex. [13]

Gallery edit

  •  
    Rho Ophiuchi Region, with the main dark nebula Lynds 1688 (and further L1689) to the left, ρ Ophiuchi at the center of the large blue area (IC 4604), Antares in the large yellow area and Sigma Scorpii in the redish Sh2-9 area, with Messier 4 inbetween the latter two stars. North is up. July 2, 2019 photo by Adam Block.
  •  
    The Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex with its main dark nebula Lynds 1688, speckled with its pinkish young stellar objects, just left to HD 147889 surrounded by IC 4603 as the bright area at the center. The red area called Sh2-9 has Sigma Scorpii at its center, and Antares is just outside the picture at the bottom.
  •  
    The large multicoloured Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex with the Dark River clouds (or Rho Ophiuchi Streamers) as Barnard 44 and 45 on the right, seemingly radiating towards the distant Pipe Nebula and the Galactic Center, extending from the core L1688 as well as L1689 dark nebulae.[8] In the lower part of this wide field image the distinct blue eyed (Nu Scorpii) Blue Horsehead Nebula can be seen. The blue area at the back of the head is IC 4601. The cloud in the top left corner is LBN 1093 and Sh2-1 with the bright star being Pi Scorpii and the yellowish cloud in the middle on the left being Sh2-7 with Dschubba at its center.
  •  
    A starchart of the Galactic Center area, with the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex marked as large green area in the middle of the right half of the chart.
  •  
    Map of the molecular clouds within 1000 parsecs, the Sun is at the center.
  •  
    Main dark nebulae of the Solar apex half of the galactic plane, with the Rho Opiuchi cloud complex at the right edge
  •  
    The Milky Way as seen by Gaia, with prominent dark features labeled in white, as well as prominent star clouds labeled in black. Rho Ophiuchi is on the left top center.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c K. Pontoppidan; A. Pagan (July 12, 2023). "Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex". NASA/ESA/CSA STScI. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  2. ^ "Rho Ophiuchi (NIRCam Image)". Webb Space Telescope. Space Telescope Science Institute. 12 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  3. ^ a b "RHO OPH REGION -- Molecular Cloud". SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
  4. ^ a b Bontemps, S.; et al. (June 2001). "ISOCAM observations of the rho Ophiuchi cloud: Luminosity and mass functions of the pre-main sequence embedded cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 372: 173–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0103373. Bibcode:2001A&A...372..173B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010474. S2CID 17270972.
  5. ^ a b c Loren, Robert B. (March 15, 1989). "The cobwebs of Ophiuchus. I - Strands of (C-13)O - The mass distribution". Astrophysical Journal, Part 1. 338: 902–924. Bibcode:1989ApJ...338..902L. doi:10.1086/167244.
  6. ^ "Young Stars in Their Baby Blanket of Dust". Spitzer Multimedia Features. NASA. 2008-11-02. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
  7. ^ a b Miller, Katrina (12 July 2023). "A Year of Cosmic Wonder With the James Webb Space Telescope - With a new image, NASA commemorates the first anniversary of doing science with the most powerful observatory ever sent to space". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  8. ^ a b "APOD: 2010 July 19 - Dark River Wide Field". Astronomy Picture of the Day. 2010-06-06. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  9. ^ Wilking, B. A.; Lada, C. J. (November 15, 1983). "The discovery of new embedded sources in the centrally condensed core of the Rho Ophiuchi dark cloud - The formation of a bound cluster". Astrophysical Journal, Part 1. 274: 698–716. Bibcode:1983ApJ...274..698W. doi:10.1086/161482.
  10. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Rieke, G. H. (November 1999). "Low-Mass Star Formation and the Initial Mass Function in the ρ Ophiuchi Cloud Core". The Astrophysical Journal. 525 (1): 440–465. arXiv:astro-ph/9905286. Bibcode:1999ApJ...525..440L. doi:10.1086/307891. S2CID 119393698.
  11. ^ Martín, Eduardo L. (2001). "Spectroscopy of Young Brown Dwarfs and Isolated Planetary Mass Objects". In Jones, Hugh R. A.; Steele, Iain A. (eds.). Ultracool Dwarfs: New Spectral Types L and T. Springer. pp. 153–167. ISBN 3-540-42353-2.
  12. ^ Grosso, Nicolas (May 7, 2002). "Infrared Images of an Infant Solar System". Press Releases. European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
  13. ^ "Rho Ophiuchi (NIRCam Image)". STScI. 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2023-11-05.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.
  • Astronomy Picture of the Day
    • The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi 2007 September 3
    • Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud 2009 November 13
    • Rho Ophiucus Wide Field 2010 May 24
    • Colorful Clouds Near Rho Ophiuchi 2012 August 28

January 01, 1970
ophiuchi, cloud, complex, complex, interstellar, clouds, with, different, nebulae, particularly, dark, nebula, which, centered, south, star, ophiuchi, which, among, others, extends, constellation, ophiuchus, estimated, distance, about, parsecs, light, years, c. The Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex is a complex of interstellar clouds with different nebulae particularly a dark nebula which is centered 1 south of the star r Ophiuchi which it among others extends to of the constellation Ophiuchus At an estimated distance of about 140 parsecs or 460 light years it is one of the closest star forming regions to the Solar System 1 6 7 r Ophiuchi cloud complexDark nebulaInfrared James Webb Space Telescope image east is down contained within the IC 4603 region 1 2 Observation data J2000 0 epochRight ascension16h 28m 06s 3 Declination 24 32 5 3 Distance460 ly 140 pc 4 lyApparent dimensions V 4 5 6 5 5 ConstellationOphiuchusDesignationsOphiuchus molecular cloud Integral 691 XSS J16271 2423See also Lists of nebulae Contents 1 Cloud complex 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksCloud complex editThis cloud covers an angular area of 4 5 6 5 on the celestial sphere It consists of two major regions of dense gas and dust The first contains a star forming cloud L1688 and two filaments L1709 and L1755 while the second has a star forming region L1689 and a filament L1712 L1729 These filaments extend up to 10 17 5 parsecs in length and can be as narrow as 0 24 parsecs in width The large extensions of the complex are also called Dark River clouds 8 or Rho Ophiuchi Streamers and are identified as Barnard 44 and 45 Some of the structures within the complex appear to be the result of a shock front passing through the clouds from the direction of the neighboring Sco OB2 association 5 Temperatures of the clouds range from 13 22 K and there is a total of about 3 000 times the mass of the Sun in the material Over half of the mass of the complex is concentrated around the L1688 cloud and this is the most active star forming region 5 There are embedded infrared sources within the complex 9 A total of 425 infrared sources have been detected near the L1688 cloud These are presumed to be young stellar objects including 16 classified as protostars 123 T Tauri stars with dense circumstellar disks and 77 weaker T Tauri stars with thinner disks 4 The last 2 categories of stars have estimated ages ranging from 100 000 to a million years 10 The first brown dwarf to be identified in a star forming region was Rho Oph J162349 8 242601 located in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud better source needed 11 One of the older objects at the edge of the primary star forming region was found to be a circumstellar disk seen nearly edge on It spans a diameter of 300 AU and contains at least twice the mass of Jupiter The million year old star at the center of the disk has a temperature of 3 000 K and is emitting 0 4 times the luminosity of the Sun 12 The 2023 NASA ESA CSA James Webb Space Telescope image released on the telescope s first anniversary shows young stars roughly the size of the Sun at the center of circumstellar discs These represent planetary systems of the future being formed in a stellar nursery 1 7 Since the field of view of the photo is very small at 6 4 arc minutes it displays just a tiny region of what appears in most other photographs of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex 13 Gallery edit nbsp Rho Ophiuchi Region with the main dark nebula Lynds 1688 and further L1689 to the left r Ophiuchi at the center of the large blue area IC 4604 Antares in the large yellow area and Sigma Scorpii in the redish Sh2 9 area with Messier 4 inbetween the latter two stars North is up July 2 2019 photo by Adam Block nbsp The Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex with its main dark nebula Lynds 1688 speckled with its pinkish young stellar objects just left to HD 147889 surrounded by IC 4603 as the bright area at the center The red area called Sh2 9 has Sigma Scorpii at its center and Antares is just outside the picture at the bottom nbsp The large multicoloured Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex with the Dark River clouds or Rho Ophiuchi Streamers as Barnard 44 and 45 on the right seemingly radiating towards the distant Pipe Nebula and the Galactic Center extending from the core L1688 as well as L1689 dark nebulae 8 In the lower part of this wide field image the distinct blue eyed Nu Scorpii Blue Horsehead Nebula can be seen The blue area at the back of the head is IC 4601 The cloud in the top left corner is LBN 1093 and Sh2 1 with the bright star being Pi Scorpii and the yellowish cloud in the middle on the left being Sh2 7 with Dschubba at its center nbsp A starchart of the Galactic Center area with the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex marked as large green area in the middle of the right half of the chart nbsp Map of the molecular clouds within 1000 parsecs the Sun is at the center nbsp Main dark nebulae of the Solar apex half of the galactic plane with the Rho Opiuchi cloud complex at the right edge nbsp The Milky Way as seen by Gaia with prominent dark features labeled in white as well as prominent star clouds labeled in black Rho Ophiuchi is on the left top center See also editCygnus X List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups Orion molecular cloud complex Perseus molecular cloud Taurus molecular cloudReferences edit a b c K Pontoppidan A Pagan July 12 2023 Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex NASA ESA CSA STScI Retrieved July 12 2023 Rho Ophiuchi NIRCam Image Webb Space Telescope Space Telescope Science Institute 12 July 2023 Retrieved 14 July 2023 a b RHO OPH REGION Molecular Cloud SIMBAD Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg Retrieved 2009 10 24 a b Bontemps S et al June 2001 ISOCAM observations of the rho Ophiuchi cloud Luminosity and mass functions of the pre main sequence embedded cluster Astronomy and Astrophysics 372 173 194 arXiv astro ph 0103373 Bibcode 2001A amp A 372 173B doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20010474 S2CID 17270972 a b c Loren Robert B March 15 1989 The cobwebs of Ophiuchus I Strands of C 13 O The mass distribution Astrophysical Journal Part 1 338 902 924 Bibcode 1989ApJ 338 902L doi 10 1086 167244 Young Stars in Their Baby Blanket of Dust Spitzer Multimedia Features NASA 2008 11 02 Retrieved 2009 10 24 a b Miller Katrina 12 July 2023 A Year of Cosmic Wonder With the James Webb Space Telescope With a new image NASA commemorates the first anniversary of doing science with the most powerful observatory ever sent to space The New York Times Archived from the original on 12 July 2023 Retrieved 13 July 2023 a b APOD 2010 July 19 Dark River Wide Field Astronomy Picture of the Day 2010 06 06 Retrieved 2021 08 06 Wilking B A Lada C J November 15 1983 The discovery of new embedded sources in the centrally condensed core of the Rho Ophiuchi dark cloud The formation of a bound cluster Astrophysical Journal Part 1 274 698 716 Bibcode 1983ApJ 274 698W doi 10 1086 161482 Luhman K L Rieke G H November 1999 Low Mass Star Formation and the Initial Mass Function in the r Ophiuchi Cloud Core The Astrophysical Journal 525 1 440 465 arXiv astro ph 9905286 Bibcode 1999ApJ 525 440L doi 10 1086 307891 S2CID 119393698 Martin Eduardo L 2001 Spectroscopy of Young Brown Dwarfs and Isolated Planetary Mass Objects In Jones Hugh R A Steele Iain A eds Ultracool Dwarfs New Spectral Types L and T Springer pp 153 167 ISBN 3 540 42353 2 Grosso Nicolas May 7 2002 Infrared Images of an Infant Solar System Press Releases European Southern Observatory Retrieved 2009 10 25 Rho Ophiuchi NIRCam Image STScI 2023 07 12 Retrieved 2023 11 05 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex Astronomy Picture of the Day The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi 2007 September 3 Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud 2009 November 13 Rho Ophiucus Wide Field 2010 May 24 Colorful Clouds Near Rho Ophiuchi 2012 August 28 Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Outer space Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex amp oldid 1208455831, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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