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Álvaro Alsogaray

Álvaro Carlos Alsogaray (22 June 1913 – 1 April 2005) was an Argentine politician and economist. He was Minister of Economy and was the principal proponent of classical liberalism in Argentina.[1]

Álvaro Alsogaray
Portrait of Alsogaray, 1960
National Deputy
In office
10 December 1983 – 10 December 1999
ConstituencyCity of Buenos Aires
Minister of Economy
In office
30 June 1962 – 10 December 1962
PresidentJosé María Guido
Preceded byFederico Pinedo
Succeeded byEustaquio Méndez Delfino
In office
25 June 1959 – 26 April 1961
PresidentArturo Frondizi
Preceded byEmilio del Carril
Succeeded byRoberto Alemann
Argentine Ambassador to the United States
In office
3 October 1966 – 11 October 1968
Preceded byNorberto Miguel Barrenechea
Succeeded byEduardo A. Roca
Minister of Industry
In office
13 November 1955 – 8 June 1956
PresidentPedro Eugenio Aramburu
Preceded byHoracio Morixe
Succeeded byRodolfo Martínez
Personal details
Born22 June 1913
Esperanza, Santa Fe
Died1 April 2005(2005-04-01) (aged 91)
Buenos Aires
NationalityArgentine
Political partyIndependent Civic Party (1956–1966)
New Force (1972–1976)
Union of the Democratic Centre (1982–2005)
Other political
affiliations
Centre Alliance (1989)
SpouseEdith Ana Gay
Alma materNational Military College
National University of Córdoba

He founded the Union of the Democratic Centre and was minister of Arturo Frondizi.[2]

He managed to spread his liberal ideology in unthinkable social sectors. Carlos Menem, winner in 1989 with the popular vote of Peronism, adopted his preaching in favor of privatization and the free market.[3]

First years

Alsogaray was born in Esperanza, Santa Fe, in 1913, as the eldest of three children to Julia Elisa Bosch and Álvaro Alsogaray. Born to a prominent local military family, Alsogaray graduated from the National Military College as an infantry officer. He studied military engineering in the Army's School of Higher Technical Studies and civil and aeronautical engineer at the National University of Córdoba. He married Edith Gay in 1940, and had two sons and a daughter.[4]

Early career

 
 
Top to bottom: Alsogaray (left), representing Fibrocel S.A., as one of 100 foreign industrial representatives in Holyoke, Massachusetts, reviews the world's first run of bagasse newsprint on January 26, 1950, with César Augusto Bunge [es] (right); Alsogaray and President Arturo Frondizi (left), who appointed the conservative businessman under pressure from the military, 1959.

He retired from the army with the rank of captain and with two engineering degrees, which led to his being called el capitán ingeniero. He entered business, becoming an important contractor for State enterprises such as FAMA (a predecessor of flag carrier Aerolíneas Argentinas), and briefly served as its director during the presidency of Juan Perón, whose populist politics and policies would later be anathema to Alsogaray's thinking.[5]

After the coup that removed Perón in 1955, he held the posts of Under-secretary of Commerce and Minister of Industry, and maintained numerous Peronist staffers at the Undersecretariat despite his support for the coup.[5] He founded the Independent Civic Party in 1956; the party fared modestly in the 1958 elections.

Minister of Economy with Frondizi and Guido

To placate powerful agrarian interests and other conservatives, the otherwise progressive Arturo Frondizi named Alsogaray Minister of the Economy in early 1959. Inheriting large trade deficits, Alsogaray sharply devalued the peso and imposed severe credit controls on Argentina's large public banks.[6]

Declaring that the economy "must go through winter",[7] the austerity measures were a boon to exporters - but caused consumer prices to double in 1959, and real wages and construction to fall by about 20%.[8] The resulting trade surplus and pro-growth policies pursued by Frondizi's point man on the economy, Rogelio Frigerio, both contributed to a robust recovery in 1960 and 1961.[9][10]

Marginalized in favor of Frigerio after the 1959 recession and deeply unpopular, Alsogaray resigned early in 1961. Frigerio had been President Frondizi's first choice for the critical Economy Ministry, an appointment thwarted by the military; Frondizi and Frigerio later founded the MID, a political party centered around the need for accelerated development.[9][10]

Frondizi's efforts to mediate differences between the United States and Cuba ultimately resulted in a March, 1962, coup d'état, and Álvaro Alsogaray was able to use the influence of his brother, General Julio Alsogaray, to secure several ministerial and planning posts under Frondizi's military-appointed successor, Senate President José María Guido. Reintroducing many of his restrictive 1959 policies, as well as nearly worthless "Ninth of July" bonds, which were issued in lieu of cash payments to public employees and government contractors, the economy again slipped into severe recession; the trade balance improved, albeit the cost of depressed business investment.[8][9]

Later career

Out of power after the election of Dr. Arturo Illia in 1963, Alsogaray devoted himself to undermining the new administration, even during the vigorous economic recovery that followed. Finding allies in conservative business and media interests, the powerful Roman Catholic Church, and his influential brother Julio, Alsogaray and other Illia opponents were successful.[11][12]

Following the 1966 coup against President Illia, he was designated Ambassador to the United States, a post he held until 1968.[11]

Alsogaray founded the 'New Force' in 1972, though like the Independent Civic Party, it fared poorly in the 1973 elections that returned Perón to power. He was among the few conservative figures to publicly oppose the imminent March 1976 coup,[5] but largely supported the subsequent National Reorganization Process.[6]

As the dictatorship eventually yielded to calls for elections, he founded the Union of the Democratic Centre in August 1982.

Running as a right-wing, economically conservative candidate on the latter ticket, he stood for the Presidency in 1983 and 1989. Alsogaray received 10% votes in his 1989 election, behind only major party candidates Carlos Menem and Eduardo Angeloz.

National Deputy

Continuing to enjoy a measure of support in Buenos Aires' affluent northside, he and his daughter María Julia Alsogaray were elected the only two national deputies for the UCeDé in 1983, and he served until 1999.

A vehement anti-Peronist and anti-socialist, Alsogaray forged an alliance with the late Juan Perón's Justicialist Party in 1989, following their nomination of pro-market Governor Carlos Menem, and endorsed Justicialist candidate Eduardo Vaca that year in a tightly-contested seat in the Argentine Senate representing the City of Buenos Aires. Argentine Senators were indirectly elected at the time, and Alsogaray's endorsement in the electoral college gave Vaca the seat, despite the latter's coming in second to centrist UCR candidate Fernando de la Rúa.[13] The Universidad Francisco Marroquín granted Alsogaray an honorary doctorate in 1985.[14]

A vocal supporter of the era's privatizations, he prevailed on President Menem to appoint his daughter, María Julia, Secretary of the Environment, in which post she served from 1991 to 1999, and himself served in numerous consultative posts during the Menem presidency, endorsing the populist-turned-conservative president in his 1995 election.[6]

Among his most notable roles in this era was as director of a feasibility study in 1995-96 for the replacement of Buenos Aires' two international airports for an island terminal on the Río de la Plata; opposed by de la Rúa, who had been elected Mayor (and would later be President), the project never materialized.[15]

His UCedé party languished despite his renewed influence as much due to public mistrust of his policies, as because of rivalries in the party itself – notably between his daughter and Adelina D'Alessio de Viola (whom he had Menem appoint as head of the Banco Hipotecario). Commenting on the dispute, he remarked that "would it that one's political party could do without affiliates...or women!" [13]

Final years

In his last public appearances, Alsogaray urged his followers to take up the banners of liberalism and the social market economy, while expressing his pessimism about the management of Néstor Kirchner, which he associated with aspects of socialism.[16]

He died on April 1, 2005 at his home in the Recoleta neighborhood of Buenos Aires, after a long illness, at the age of 91.[17]

References

  1. ^ Murió Álvaro Alsogaray, principal figura del liberalismo argentino, Clarín, 2 de abril de 2005
  2. ^ A los 91 años murió Alvaro Alsogaray, La Nación, 2 de abril de 2005
  3. ^ Murió Álvaro Alsogaray, principal figura del liberalismo argentino, Clarín, 2 de abril de 2005
  4. ^ "Murió ayer la madre de María Julia Alsogaray". La Nación.
  5. ^ a b c "Alvaro Alsogaray: "El único golpe justificable fue el del 55"". La Nación.
  6. ^ a b c Página/12 :: El país :: Alsogaray no llegó al invierno (in Spanish)
  7. ^ Todo Argentina: 1959 (in Spanish)
  8. ^ a b Lewis, Paul. The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism. University of North Carolina Press, 1990.
  9. ^ a b c Todo Argentina: Frondizi (in Spanish)
  10. ^ a b Cornide, Osvaldo. A 50 años de la asunción de Arturo Frondizi. (in Spanish)
  11. ^ a b Rock, David. Authoritarian Argentina. University of California Press, 1992.
  12. ^ Todo Argentina: Arturo Illia (in Spanish)
  13. ^ a b La Nación (April 2, 2005) (in Spanish)
  14. ^ Honorary Doctoral Degrees at Universidad Francisco Marroquín
  15. ^ Clarín (August 22, 1996) (in Spanish)
  16. ^ A los 91 años murió Alvaro Alsogaray, La Nación, 2 de abril de 2005
  17. ^ Murió Alvaro Alsogaray, La Nación, 1de abril de 2005

External links

  •   Media related to Álvaro Alsogaray at Wikimedia Commons

Álvaro, alsogaray, Álvaro, carlos, alsogaray, june, 1913, april, 2005, argentine, politician, economist, minister, economy, principal, proponent, classical, liberalism, argentina, portrait, alsogaray, 1960national, deputyin, office, december, 1983, december, 1. Alvaro Carlos Alsogaray 22 June 1913 1 April 2005 was an Argentine politician and economist He was Minister of Economy and was the principal proponent of classical liberalism in Argentina 1 Alvaro AlsogarayPortrait of Alsogaray 1960National DeputyIn office 10 December 1983 10 December 1999ConstituencyCity of Buenos AiresMinister of EconomyIn office 30 June 1962 10 December 1962PresidentJose Maria GuidoPreceded byFederico PinedoSucceeded byEustaquio Mendez DelfinoIn office 25 June 1959 26 April 1961PresidentArturo FrondiziPreceded byEmilio del CarrilSucceeded byRoberto AlemannArgentine Ambassador to the United StatesIn office 3 October 1966 11 October 1968Preceded byNorberto Miguel BarrenecheaSucceeded byEduardo A RocaMinister of IndustryIn office 13 November 1955 8 June 1956PresidentPedro Eugenio AramburuPreceded byHoracio MorixeSucceeded byRodolfo MartinezPersonal detailsBorn22 June 1913Esperanza Santa FeDied1 April 2005 2005 04 01 aged 91 Buenos AiresNationalityArgentinePolitical partyIndependent Civic Party 1956 1966 New Force 1972 1976 Union of the Democratic Centre 1982 2005 Other politicalaffiliationsCentre Alliance 1989 SpouseEdith Ana GayAlma materNational Military CollegeNational University of CordobaHe founded the Union of the Democratic Centre and was minister of Arturo Frondizi 2 He managed to spread his liberal ideology in unthinkable social sectors Carlos Menem winner in 1989 with the popular vote of Peronism adopted his preaching in favor of privatization and the free market 3 Contents 1 First years 2 Early career 3 Minister of Economy with Frondizi and Guido 4 Later career 5 National Deputy 6 Final years 7 References 8 External linksFirst years EditAlsogaray was born in Esperanza Santa Fe in 1913 as the eldest of three children to Julia Elisa Bosch and Alvaro Alsogaray Born to a prominent local military family Alsogaray graduated from the National Military College as an infantry officer He studied military engineering in the Army s School of Higher Technical Studies and civil and aeronautical engineer at the National University of Cordoba He married Edith Gay in 1940 and had two sons and a daughter 4 Early career Edit Top to bottom Alsogaray left representing Fibrocel S A as one of 100 foreign industrial representatives in Holyoke Massachusetts reviews the world s first run of bagasse newsprint on January 26 1950 with Cesar Augusto Bunge es right Alsogaray and President Arturo Frondizi left who appointed the conservative businessman under pressure from the military 1959 He retired from the army with the rank of captain and with two engineering degrees which led to his being called el capitan ingeniero He entered business becoming an important contractor for State enterprises such as FAMA a predecessor of flag carrier Aerolineas Argentinas and briefly served as its director during the presidency of Juan Peron whose populist politics and policies would later be anathema to Alsogaray s thinking 5 After the coup that removed Peron in 1955 he held the posts of Under secretary of Commerce and Minister of Industry and maintained numerous Peronist staffers at the Undersecretariat despite his support for the coup 5 He founded the Independent Civic Party in 1956 the party fared modestly in the 1958 elections Minister of Economy with Frondizi and Guido EditTo placate powerful agrarian interests and other conservatives the otherwise progressive Arturo Frondizi named Alsogaray Minister of the Economy in early 1959 Inheriting large trade deficits Alsogaray sharply devalued the peso and imposed severe credit controls on Argentina s large public banks 6 Declaring that the economy must go through winter 7 the austerity measures were a boon to exporters but caused consumer prices to double in 1959 and real wages and construction to fall by about 20 8 The resulting trade surplus and pro growth policies pursued by Frondizi s point man on the economy Rogelio Frigerio both contributed to a robust recovery in 1960 and 1961 9 10 Marginalized in favor of Frigerio after the 1959 recession and deeply unpopular Alsogaray resigned early in 1961 Frigerio had been President Frondizi s first choice for the critical Economy Ministry an appointment thwarted by the military Frondizi and Frigerio later founded the MID a political party centered around the need for accelerated development 9 10 Frondizi s efforts to mediate differences between the United States and Cuba ultimately resulted in a March 1962 coup d etat and Alvaro Alsogaray was able to use the influence of his brother General Julio Alsogaray to secure several ministerial and planning posts under Frondizi s military appointed successor Senate President Jose Maria Guido Reintroducing many of his restrictive 1959 policies as well as nearly worthless Ninth of July bonds which were issued in lieu of cash payments to public employees and government contractors the economy again slipped into severe recession the trade balance improved albeit the cost of depressed business investment 8 9 Later career EditOut of power after the election of Dr Arturo Illia in 1963 Alsogaray devoted himself to undermining the new administration even during the vigorous economic recovery that followed Finding allies in conservative business and media interests the powerful Roman Catholic Church and his influential brother Julio Alsogaray and other Illia opponents were successful 11 12 Following the 1966 coup against President Illia he was designated Ambassador to the United States a post he held until 1968 11 Alsogaray founded the New Force in 1972 though like the Independent Civic Party it fared poorly in the 1973 elections that returned Peron to power He was among the few conservative figures to publicly oppose the imminent March 1976 coup 5 but largely supported the subsequent National Reorganization Process 6 As the dictatorship eventually yielded to calls for elections he founded the Union of the Democratic Centre in August 1982 Running as a right wing economically conservative candidate on the latter ticket he stood for the Presidency in 1983 and 1989 Alsogaray received 10 votes in his 1989 election behind only major party candidates Carlos Menem and Eduardo Angeloz National Deputy EditContinuing to enjoy a measure of support in Buenos Aires affluent northside he and his daughter Maria Julia Alsogaray were elected the only two national deputies for the UCeDe in 1983 and he served until 1999 A vehement anti Peronist and anti socialist Alsogaray forged an alliance with the late Juan Peron s Justicialist Party in 1989 following their nomination of pro market Governor Carlos Menem and endorsed Justicialist candidate Eduardo Vaca that year in a tightly contested seat in the Argentine Senate representing the City of Buenos Aires Argentine Senators were indirectly elected at the time and Alsogaray s endorsement in the electoral college gave Vaca the seat despite the latter s coming in second to centrist UCR candidate Fernando de la Rua 13 The Universidad Francisco Marroquin granted Alsogaray an honorary doctorate in 1985 14 A vocal supporter of the era s privatizations he prevailed on President Menem to appoint his daughter Maria Julia Secretary of the Environment in which post she served from 1991 to 1999 and himself served in numerous consultative posts during the Menem presidency endorsing the populist turned conservative president in his 1995 election 6 Among his most notable roles in this era was as director of a feasibility study in 1995 96 for the replacement of Buenos Aires two international airports for an island terminal on the Rio de la Plata opposed by de la Rua who had been elected Mayor and would later be President the project never materialized 15 His UCede party languished despite his renewed influence as much due to public mistrust of his policies as because of rivalries in the party itself notably between his daughter and Adelina D Alessio de Viola whom he had Menem appoint as head of the Banco Hipotecario Commenting on the dispute he remarked that would it that one s political party could do without affiliates or women 13 Final years EditIn his last public appearances Alsogaray urged his followers to take up the banners of liberalism and the social market economy while expressing his pessimism about the management of Nestor Kirchner which he associated with aspects of socialism 16 He died on April 1 2005 at his home in the Recoleta neighborhood of Buenos Aires after a long illness at the age of 91 17 References Edit Murio Alvaro Alsogaray principal figura del liberalismo argentino Clarin 2 de abril de 2005 A los 91 anos murio Alvaro Alsogaray La Nacion 2 de abril de 2005 Murio Alvaro Alsogaray principal figura del liberalismo argentino Clarin 2 de abril de 2005 Murio ayer la madre de Maria Julia Alsogaray La Nacion a b c Alvaro Alsogaray El unico golpe justificable fue el del 55 La Nacion a b c Pagina 12 El pais Alsogaray no llego al invierno in Spanish Todo Argentina 1959 in Spanish a b Lewis Paul The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism University of North Carolina Press 1990 a b c Todo Argentina Frondizi in Spanish a b Cornide Osvaldo A 50 anos de la asuncion de Arturo Frondizi in Spanish a b Rock David Authoritarian Argentina University of California Press 1992 Todo Argentina Arturo Illia in Spanish a b La Nacion April 2 2005 in Spanish Honorary Doctoral Degrees at Universidad Francisco Marroquin Clarin August 22 1996 in Spanish A los 91 anos murio Alvaro Alsogaray La Nacion 2 de abril de 2005 Murio Alvaro Alsogaray La Nacion 1de abril de 2005External links Edit Media related to Alvaro Alsogaray at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alvaro Alsogaray amp oldid 1060522928, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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