The Karakorum Government or Confederated Republic of Altai was a republic created as an attempt to create an independent Altai. It lasted from 1918 to 1922, when it was annexed by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
This country is also known as the Confederated Republic of Altai and the Karakorum-Altai Region
Background
The areas of southern Siberia (today's Altai, Tuva, Khakassia an neighboring areas) which were conquered by the Russian Tsardom in the 18th century (except Tuva, which was part of Mongolia under Qing rule until it became a protectorate of Russia in 1914), comprised diverse Siberian-Turkic peoples, which, by the 1910s were approximately 50% of the population of the area. They rejected Russian rule and (in general but not fully) opposed Orthodox Christianity. By the 1900s, a new religious movement rose up, Burkhanism, emerged in response to the needs of a new people—the Altai-kizhi, or Altaians, who sought to distinguish themselves from the neighboring and related tribes and for whom Burkhanism became a religious form of their ethnic identity.[2]
Thousands of Altaians gathered for prayer meetings, initially in the Tereng Valley. These were violently suppressed by mobs of Russians, instigated by the Altaian Spiritual Mission, who were afraid of the potential of the competing religion to decrease the Orthodox Christian flock in Altai.[3] The prime motivating factor for the adoption of this new faith was Altaians' fear of displacement by Russian colonists, Russification, and subjection to taxation and conscription on the same basis as Russian peasants.[4][5] This movement and the opposition to Russification created a common sense of nationality and desire for self determination, which was to be fulfilled in the chaos of the Russian Civil War.[4]
History
The second Congress of the high Altai was called in March 1918 and officially created the Confederated Republic of Altai. The pro-Burkhanist government was founded by Altai painter Grigoriy Gurkin and by Russian writer and publicist Vasily Anuchin.[4] The republic was not a fully independent entity but rather an administrative entity with some autonomy, although it was relatively independent in reality due to the chaos of the Russian Civil War. This was intended to include not only Altai but also neighboring republics of Tuva and Khakassia, and declared as the first step to rebuilding Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire.[4] The republic was eventually invaded by white forces in the civil war, then by the Soviet 5th Army and destroyed in April 1920, although resistance continued well into 1922.[6]
References
^poposki, valentin (August 26, 2021). "Oirot Republic (1917-1922)" [FOTW]. Flags Of The World. Open Publishing. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
^Sherstova, Burhanism, Chapter 1, 2, 3. Almost three hundred pages of the book leave little doubt about the validity of this conclusion by Sherstova made in 1977-1986.
^ abcdZnamenski, Andrei (2005). (PDF). Acta Slavica Iaponica. 22: 44–47. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-02.
^See Chapter 2 of Sherstova, Burhanism, Tomsk (1986, 2010)
^Smele, Jonathan D. (19 November 2015). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 112-113. ISBN978-1442252813. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
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karakorum, government, this, article, provides, insufficient, context, those, unfamiliar, with, subject, please, help, improve, article, providing, more, context, reader, june, 2019, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, confederated, republic, altai, . This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader June 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Karakorum Government or Confederated Republic of Altai was a republic created as an attempt to create an independent Altai It lasted from 1918 to 1922 when it was annexed by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Confederated Republic of Altai1918 1922Banner of the Altai until 1921 1 seal of the Governor General of KarakorumThe territory of the Karakorum GovernmentCapitalUlalaDemonym s AltaianGovernment Chairman of the Karakorum AltayGrigory Gurkin Head of the Constituent Congress of the High AltaiVasily AnuchinHistory EstablishedMarch 1918 DisestablishedApril 1922Preceded by Succeeded byRussian Republic Russian Socialist Federative Soviet RepublicToday part ofAltaiThis country is also known as the Confederated Republic of Altai and the Karakorum Altai RegionBackground EditThe areas of southern Siberia today s Altai Tuva Khakassia an neighboring areas which were conquered by the Russian Tsardom in the 18th century except Tuva which was part of Mongolia under Qing rule until it became a protectorate of Russia in 1914 comprised diverse Siberian Turkic peoples which by the 1910s were approximately 50 of the population of the area They rejected Russian rule and in general but not fully opposed Orthodox Christianity By the 1900s a new religious movement rose up Burkhanism emerged in response to the needs of a new people the Altai kizhi or Altaians who sought to distinguish themselves from the neighboring and related tribes and for whom Burkhanism became a religious form of their ethnic identity 2 Thousands of Altaians gathered for prayer meetings initially in the Tereng Valley These were violently suppressed by mobs of Russians instigated by the Altaian Spiritual Mission who were afraid of the potential of the competing religion to decrease the Orthodox Christian flock in Altai 3 The prime motivating factor for the adoption of this new faith was Altaians fear of displacement by Russian colonists Russification and subjection to taxation and conscription on the same basis as Russian peasants 4 5 This movement and the opposition to Russification created a common sense of nationality and desire for self determination which was to be fulfilled in the chaos of the Russian Civil War 4 History EditThe second Congress of the high Altai was called in March 1918 and officially created the Confederated Republic of Altai The pro Burkhanist government was founded by Altai painter Grigoriy Gurkin and by Russian writer and publicist Vasily Anuchin 4 The republic was not a fully independent entity but rather an administrative entity with some autonomy although it was relatively independent in reality due to the chaos of the Russian Civil War This was intended to include not only Altai but also neighboring republics of Tuva and Khakassia and declared as the first step to rebuilding Genghis Khan s Mongol Empire 4 The republic was eventually invaded by white forces in the civil war then by the Soviet 5th Army and destroyed in April 1920 although resistance continued well into 1922 6 References Edit poposki valentin August 26 2021 Oirot Republic 1917 1922 FOTW Flags Of The World Open Publishing Retrieved March 14 2023 Sherstova Burhanism Chapter 1 2 3 Almost three hundred pages of the book leave little doubt about the validity of this conclusion by Sherstova made in 1977 1986 Sherstova Burhanism Tomsk 1986 2010 Chapter 2 a b c d Znamenski Andrei 2005 Power of Myth Popular ethnonationalism and Nationality Building in Mountain Altai 1904 1922 PDF Acta Slavica Iaponica 22 44 47 Archived from the original PDF on 2019 08 02 See Chapter 2 of Sherstova Burhanism Tomsk 1986 2010 Smele Jonathan D 19 November 2015 Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars 1916 1926 Rowman amp Littlefield p 112 113 ISBN 978 1442252813 Retrieved 21 February 2021 This Russian history related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karakorum Government amp oldid 1163215916, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
