Vice President of Brazil
The Vice President of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the Vice President of the Republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the President. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate.
| Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil | |
|---|---|
| Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil | |
Vice Presidential Standard | |
| Federal government of Brazil | |
| Style | Mr. Vice President[1] (informal) The Most Excellent and His Excellency (formal) |
| Member of | Cabinet National Defense Council |
| Residence | Palácio do Jaburu |
| Seat | Brasilia |
| Appointer | Direct popular vote (two rounds if necessary) |
| Term length | Four years, renewable once |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Brazil |
| Inaugural holder | Marshal Floriano Peixoto |
| Formation | February 26, 1891 |
| Succession | First |
| Website | Vice Presidency |
The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era and almost three years during the parliamentary regime, when it was officially abolished.
Requirements
The requirements to run for the office of vice president are exactly those of the presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the vice presidency must be a natural-born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.
Election and tenure
The president and the vice president are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on 1 January of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.
Vice presidents succeeding a sitting president may be reelected for an additional term. However, the vice president is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. Due to the wording of the constitution's provisions on term limits, whenever the vice president serves as acting president when the president is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment, it counts as a partial term.
Workplace and official residence
The vice president works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the vice president is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.
Ascension to the presidency
Since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, eight vice presidents have been called upon to replace former presidents: four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction[a] (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer).
List of vice presidents
Vice presidents elect directly
Vice presidents elect indirectly
| No. | Vice President | Period of the term (duration of the term) | Party | President | Notes | Election | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Republic (Old Republic) | |||||||
| 1 | Floriano Peixoto | 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 (8 months and 28 days) | None (military) | Deodoro da Fonseca | Ascended to the Presidency due to resignation of the holder. | 1891 | |
| Vacant (2 years, 11 months and 23 days) | Floriano Peixoto | ||||||
| 2 | Manuel Vitorino | 15 November 1894 – 14 November 1898 (4 years) | Federal Republican Party PR Federal | Prudente de Morais | 1894 | ||
| 3 | Francisco Rosa e Silva | 15 November 1898 – 14 November 1902 (4 years) | Federal Republican Party PR Federal | Campos Sales | 1898 | ||
| – | Silviano Brandão | Died before taking office | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Rodrigues Alves | 1902 | ||
| Vacant (7 months and 2 days) | |||||||
| 4 | Afonso Pena | 17 June 1903 – 14 November 1906 (3 years, 4 months and 29 days) | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Elected for vice president in 1903 after the death of predecessor. | 1903 | ||
| 5 | Nilo Peçanha | 15 November 1906 – 14 June 1909 (2 years, 6 months and 30 days) | Fluminense Republican Party PRF | Afonso Pena | Ascended to the Presidency due to death of the holder. | 1906 | |
| Vacant (1 year, 5 months and 1 day) | Nilo Peçanha | ||||||
| 6 | Venceslau Brás | 15 November 1910 – 14 November 1914 (4 years) | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Hermes da Fonseca | 1910 | ||
| 7 | Urbano Santos | 15 November 1914 – 14 November 1918 (4 years) | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Venceslau Brás | 1914 | ||
| 8 | Delfim Moreira | 15 November 1918 – 16 January 1919 (2 months and 1 day) | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Rodrigues Alves | Assumed as acting president, in the condition of vice president, due to illness of President-elect Rodrigues Alves. After Alves' death on 16 January 1919, Moreira assumed as acting president, leaving the vice presidency temporarily vacant. | 1918 | |
| Vacant (6 months and 12 days) | Delfim Moreira | ||||||
| 8 | Delfim Moreira | 28 July 1919 – 1 July 1920 (11 months and 3 days) | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Epitácio Pessoa | Died while in office. | 1918 | |
| Vacant (4 months and 9 days) | |||||||
| 9 | Bueno de Paiva | 10 November 1920 – 14 November 1922 (2 years and 5 days) | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Elected to substitute his predecessor. | 1920 | ||
| - | Urbano Santos | Died before taking office | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Artur Bernardes | 1922 | ||
| 10 | Estácio Coimbra | 15 November 1922 – 14 November 1926 (4 years) | Barreiros Republican Party PR Barreiros | 1922 | |||
| 11 | Fernando de Melo Viana | 15 November 1926 – 24 October 1930 (3 years, 11 months and 9 days) | Mineiro Republican Party PRM | Washington Luís | In the end of his term, Melo was removed from office by the Revolution of 1930. | 1926 | |
| - | Vital Soares | Didn't take office due to the Revolution of 1930 | Baiano Republican Party PRB | Júlio Prestes | Vital Soares and Júlio Prestes, elected on 1 March 1930, didn't take office due to the coup d'état that removed Washington Luís and Fernando de Melo Viana. | 1930 | |
| Vargas Era (Second and Third Republics) | |||||||
The office of Vice President was extinct by the Constitution of 1934, but was later restored by the Constitution of 1946 | |||||||
| Fourth Republic (Populist Republic) | |||||||
| 12 | Nereu Ramos | 19 September 1946 – 30 January 1951 (4 years, 4 months and 12 days) | Social Democratic Party PSD | Eurico Gaspar Dutra | 1945 | ||
| 13 | Café Filho | 31 January 1951 – 24 August 1954 (3 years, 6 months and 24 days) | Social Progressive Party PSP | Getúlio Vargas | Ascended to the Presidency due to death of the holder. | 1950 | |
| Vacant (1 year, 5 months and 7 days) | Café Filho | ||||||
| Carlos Luz | |||||||
| Nereu Ramos | |||||||
| 14 | João Goulart | 31 January 1956 – 25 August 1961 (5 years, 6 months and 25 days) | Brazilian Labour Party PTB | Juscelino Kubitschek | Ascended to the Presidency due to the resignation of the holder. | 1955 | |
| Jânio Quadros | 1960 | ||||||
| Vacant (2 years, 7 months and 8 days) | Ranieri Mazzilli | ||||||
| João Goulart | |||||||
| Fifth Republic (Military Dictatorship) | |||||||
| Vacant (13 days) | Ranieri Mazzilli | ||||||
| 15 | José Maria Alkmin | 15 April 1964 – 14 March 1967 (2 years and 11 months) | Social Democratic Party PSD | Humberto Castelo Branco | 1964 | ||
| None (civilian) | |||||||
| National Renewal Alliance ARENA | |||||||
| 16 | Pedro Aleixo | 15 March 1967 – 31 August 1969 2 years, 5 months and 16 days) | National Renewal Alliance ARENA | Artur da Costa e Silva | Prevented from assuming the Presidency due to the holder's vacancy by the Provisory Governative Junta of 1969. | 1966 | |
| Vacant (1 month and 30 days) | Provisory Governative Junta of 1969 | ||||||
| 17 | Augusto Rademaker | 30 October 1969 – 14 March 1974 (4 years, 4 months and 15 days) | National Renewal Alliance ARENA | Emílio Garrastazu Médici | 1969 | ||
| 18 | Adalberto Pereira dos Santos | 15 March 1974 – 14 March 1979 (5 years) | National Renewal Alliance ARENA | Ernesto Geisel | 1974 | ||
| 19 | Aureliano Chaves | 15 March 1979 – 14 March 1985 (6 years) | National Renewal Alliance ARENA | João Figueiredo | 1978 | ||
| Democratic Social Party PDS | |||||||
| Liberal Front Party PFL | |||||||
| Sixth Republic (New Republic) | |||||||
| 20 | José Sarney | 15 March 1985 – 21 April 1985 (1 month and 6 days) | Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB | Tancredo Neves | Ascended to the Presidency due to death of the holder. | 1985 | |
| Vacant (4 years, 10 months and 22 days) | José Sarney | ||||||
| 21 | Itamar Franco | 15 March 1990 – 29 December 1992 (2 years, 9 months and 14 days) | National Reconstruction Party PRN | Fernando Collor | Ascended to the Presidency due to resignation of the holder. | 1989 | |
| Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB | |||||||
| Vacant (2 years and 3 days) | Itamar Franco | ||||||
| 22 | Marco Maciel | 1 January 1995 – 31 December 2002 (8 years) | Liberal Front Party PFL | Fernando Henrique Cardoso | 1994 | ||
| 1998 | |||||||
| 23 | José Alencar | 1 January 2003 – 31 December 2010 (8 years) | Liberal Party PL | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | 2002 | ||
| Brazilian Republican Party PRB | 2006 | ||||||
| 24 | Michel Temer | 1 January 2011 – 31 August 2016 (5 years, 7 months and 30 days) | Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB | Dilma Rousseff | Ascended to the Presidency due to impeachment of the holder. | 2010 | |
| Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB | 2014 | ||||||
| Vacant (2 years, 4 months and 1 day) | Michel Temer | ||||||
| 25 | Hamilton Mourão | 1 January 2019 – 31 December 2022 (4 years) | Brazilian Labour Renewal Party PRTB Republicans | Jair Bolsonaro | 2018 | ||
| 26 | Geraldo Alckmin | 1 January 2023– Incumbent (1 month and 21 days) | Brazilian Socialist Party PSB | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | 2022 | ||
See also
Notes
- ^ President Fernando Collor de Mello was impeached by the Chamber of Deputies, but resigned before being convicted in the Senate, resulting in Itamar Franco becoming President while the trial of Collor continued (eventually resulting in a conviction and his disqualification from public office for eight years).
References
- ^ "Decreto nº 9.758, de 11 de abril de 2019" (in Portuguese) (70–A). Impressa Nacional. 11 April 2019: 5. ISSN 1677-7042. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
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External links
- Vice-Presidency of Brazil Official Website
- Official vice presidential portrait