For the machine at a filling station used to pump fuel into vehicles, see Gasoline pump.
A fuel pump is a component used in many liquid-fuelled engines (such as petrol/gasoline or diesel engines) to transfer the fuel from the fuel tank to the device where it is mixed with the intake air (such as the carburetor or fuel injector).
Electric fuel pump (silver), along with the fuel strainer (dark brown) and fuel level sensor (light brown circular object)
High-pressure fuel pump on a Yanmar 2GM20 marine diesel engine
Carbureted engines often use low-pressure mechanical pumps that are mounted on the engine. Fuel injected engines use either electric fuel pumps mounted inside the fuel tank (for lower pressure manifold injection systems)[1] or high-pressure mechanical pumps mounted on the engine (for high-pressure direct injection systems).
Some engines do not use any fuel pump at all. A low-pressure fuel supply used by a carbureted engine can be achieved through a gravity feed system, i.e. by simply mounting the tank higher than the carburetor. This method is commonly used in carbureted motorcycles, where the tank is usually directly above the engine.
On engines that use a carburetor (e.g. in older cars, lawnmowers and power tools), a mechanical fuel pump is typically used in order to transfer fuel from the fuel tank into the carburetor. These fuel pumps operate at a relatively low fuel pressure of 10–15 psi (0.7–1.0 bar).
Pumps for modern direct-injection engines operate at a much higher pressure, up to 30,000 psi (2,100 bar)[2] and have configurations such as common rail radial piston, common rail two piston radial, inline, port and helix, and metering unit. Injection pumps are fuel lubricated which prevents oil from contaminating the fuel.[3]
Port and Helix pumps
Port and Helix pumps are most commonly used in marine diesel engines because of their simplicity, reliability, and its ability to be scaled up in proportion to the engine size.[4] The pump is similar to that of a radial piston-type pump, but instead of a piston it has a machined plunger that has no seals. When the plunger is at top dead center, the injection to the cylinder is finished and it is returned on its downward stroke by a compression spring.[4]
Due to the fixed height of a cam lobe, the amount of fuel being pumped to the injector is controlled by a rack and pinion device that rotates the plunger, thus allowing variable amounts of fuel to the area above the plunger. The fuel is then forced through a check valve and into the fuel injector nozzle.[3]
Plunger-type pumps
Plunger-type pumps are a type of positive-displacement pump used by diesel engines. These pumps contain a chamber whose volume is increased and/or decreased by a moving plunger, along with check valves at the inlet and discharge ports. It is similar to that of a piston pump, but the high-pressure seal is stationary while the smooth cylindrical plunger slides through the seal.
Plunger-type pumps are often mounted on the side of the injection pump and driven by the camshaft.[4] These pumps usually run at a fuel pressure of 3,600–26,100 psi (250–1,800 bar).[3]
Electric pumps
In fuel-injected petrol engines, an electric fuel pump is typically located inside the fuel tank. For older port injection and throttle-body injection systems, this "in-tank" fuel pump transports the fuel from the fuel tank to the engine, as well as pressurising the fuel to typically 40–60 psi (3–4 bar). While for direct-injection systems, the in-tank fuel pump transports the fuel to the engine, where a separate fuel pump pressurises the fuel (to a much higher pressure).
Since the electric pump does not require mechanical power from the engine, it is feasible to locate the pump anywhere between the engine and the fuel tank. The reasons that the fuel pump is typically located in the fuel tank are:
By submerging the pump in fuel at the bottom of the tank, the pump is cooled by the surrounding fuel
Liquid fuel by itself (i.e. without oxygen present) isn't flammable, therefore surrounding the fuel pump by fuel reduces the risk of fire
In-tank fuel pumps are often part of an assembly consisting of the fuel pump, fuel strainer and fuel level sensor (the latter used for the fuel gauge).
Turbopumps
Rocket engines use a turbopump to supply the fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber.
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fuel pumps (engine).
^Hollembeak, Barry (2005). Classroom Manual for Automotive Fuels and Emissions. Cengage Learning. p. 154. ISBN9781401839048. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
^"Diesel fuel tech review" (PDF). www.chevron.com. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
^ abcMollenhauer, K., & Tschöke, H. (2010). Handbook of Diesel Engines. Berlin: Springer- Verlag.
^ abcJudge, A. (1965). Modern Smaller Diesel Engines (Vol. 7). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Robert Bentley Inc.
February 21, 2023
fuel, pump, machine, filling, station, used, pump, fuel, into, vehicles, gasoline, pump, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, rem. For the machine at a filling station used to pump fuel into vehicles see Gasoline pump This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Fuel pump news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message A fuel pump is a component used in many liquid fuelled engines such as petrol gasoline or diesel engines to transfer the fuel from the fuel tank to the device where it is mixed with the intake air such as the carburetor or fuel injector Electric fuel pump silver along with the fuel strainer dark brown and fuel level sensor light brown circular object Mechanical fuel pump in a 1980s Saab 90High pressure fuel pump on a Yanmar 2GM20 marine diesel engine Carbureted engines often use low pressure mechanical pumps that are mounted on the engine Fuel injected engines use either electric fuel pumps mounted inside the fuel tank for lower pressure manifold injection systems 1 or high pressure mechanical pumps mounted on the engine for high pressure direct injection systems Some engines do not use any fuel pump at all A low pressure fuel supply used by a carbureted engine can be achieved through a gravity feed system i e by simply mounting the tank higher than the carburetor This method is commonly used in carbureted motorcycles where the tank is usually directly above the engine Contents 1 Low pressure mechanical pumps 2 High pressure mechanical pumps 2 1 Port and Helix pumps 2 2 Plunger type pumps 3 Electric pumps 4 Turbopumps 5 ReferencesLow pressure mechanical pumps EditOn engines that use a carburetor e g in older cars lawnmowers and power tools a mechanical fuel pump is typically used in order to transfer fuel from the fuel tank into the carburetor These fuel pumps operate at a relatively low fuel pressure of 10 15 psi 0 7 1 0 bar The two most widely used types of mechanical pumps are diaphragm pumps and plunger pumps High pressure mechanical pumps EditPumps for modern direct injection engines operate at a much higher pressure up to 30 000 psi 2 100 bar 2 and have configurations such as common rail radial piston common rail two piston radial inline port and helix and metering unit Injection pumps are fuel lubricated which prevents oil from contaminating the fuel 3 Port and Helix pumps Edit Port and Helix pumps are most commonly used in marine diesel engines because of their simplicity reliability and its ability to be scaled up in proportion to the engine size 4 The pump is similar to that of a radial piston type pump but instead of a piston it has a machined plunger that has no seals When the plunger is at top dead center the injection to the cylinder is finished and it is returned on its downward stroke by a compression spring 4 Due to the fixed height of a cam lobe the amount of fuel being pumped to the injector is controlled by a rack and pinion device that rotates the plunger thus allowing variable amounts of fuel to the area above the plunger The fuel is then forced through a check valve and into the fuel injector nozzle 3 Plunger type pumps Edit Plunger type pumps are a type of positive displacement pump used by diesel engines These pumps contain a chamber whose volume is increased and or decreased by a moving plunger along with check valves at the inlet and discharge ports It is similar to that of a piston pump but the high pressure seal is stationary while the smooth cylindrical plunger slides through the seal Plunger type pumps are often mounted on the side of the injection pump and driven by the camshaft 4 These pumps usually run at a fuel pressure of 3 600 26 100 psi 250 1 800 bar 3 Electric pumps EditIn fuel injected petrol engines an electric fuel pump is typically located inside the fuel tank For older port injection and throttle body injection systems this in tank fuel pump transports the fuel from the fuel tank to the engine as well as pressurising the fuel to typically 40 60 psi 3 4 bar While for direct injection systems the in tank fuel pump transports the fuel to the engine where a separate fuel pump pressurises the fuel to a much higher pressure Since the electric pump does not require mechanical power from the engine it is feasible to locate the pump anywhere between the engine and the fuel tank The reasons that the fuel pump is typically located in the fuel tank are By submerging the pump in fuel at the bottom of the tank the pump is cooled by the surrounding fuel Liquid fuel by itself i e without oxygen present isn t flammable therefore surrounding the fuel pump by fuel reduces the risk of fireIn tank fuel pumps are often part of an assembly consisting of the fuel pump fuel strainer and fuel level sensor the latter used for the fuel gauge Turbopumps EditRocket engines use a turbopump to supply the fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fuel pumps engine Hollembeak Barry 2005 Classroom Manual for Automotive Fuels and Emissions Cengage Learning p 154 ISBN 9781401839048 Retrieved June 12 2012 Diesel fuel tech review PDF www chevron com Retrieved 3 January 2023 a b c Mollenhauer K amp Tschoke H 2010 Handbook of Diesel Engines Berlin Springer Verlag a b c Judge A 1965 Modern Smaller Diesel Engines Vol 7 Cambridge Massachusetts Robert Bentley Inc Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fuel pump amp oldid 1131241198, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
